英语中虚拟语气四大类

第一类

If虚拟条件句

分三种时态：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。

*条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句的假想与事实相反或不大可能会发生，试比较：

If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)

If I had time, I would go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)

这是对现在事实的虚拟，事实是我没有时间，所以我没有和他们去

If条件句虚拟

1、l would/should/could/might 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果) If you tried again，you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能) If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)

2、错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即

指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：

If it were n’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。

If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.

=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.

4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：

Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder.

Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)

第二类

Wish/if only/would rather愿望和as if(though)好像从句分时态

l Wish从句……就好了

I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)

I wish they would let us get some sleep.

* wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1）We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)

（2）We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)

l if only 后的句子用虚拟语气要是……就好了

if only 与I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与wish 后所接时态的情况相同：

If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

l would rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示"宁愿做什么" ，具体用法为：

①一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

②用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。

l as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气

以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例：

He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。

He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。

注：两点说明

(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：

It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。

(2) 注意It isn’t as if…的翻译：

It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。

第三类

从句中should+动词原形，should可省略

l 在lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。

l 表应当做值得做一类动词后的宾语从句

建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command

请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct

敦促urge提议move, vote

希望desire坚持insist

打算intend安排arrange

ex.

I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。

He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。

He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。

He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。

I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。

He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。

I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。

He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。

She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。

The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。

*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气

比较：

He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。

l order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句

Our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go．我们的建议是你应该第一个去。

*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order

l “It is (was)+ 紧急重要-- 带感情色彩

上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词或

important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词后的主语从句

1. It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.

2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.

*It is necessary，important，strange，natural，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed

第四类

It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气

从句谓语通常用过去式表示(早)该干某事了

*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)

ex.It’s time we went *were going, should go+. 我们该走了。

It’s time I wa s in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)

It's time = It is (the very/high/right/about) time

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英语学习策略。

wish和as if引导的虚拟

1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望

构成：主语+ wish (that) + 从句主语+ 动词过去式（be 一律用were）

例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.

I wish that the experiment were a success.

We wish we had wings.

2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望

构成：主语+ wish (that) + 从句主语+ would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词例如：I wish that you had called yesterday.

I wish that I could have gone with you last night.

I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.

3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望

构成：主语+ wish (that) + 从句主语+ would/should/could/might + 原形动词

例如：I wish that he could try again.

I wish that someday I should live on the moon.

We wish that they would come soon.

II. AS IF 引出的虚拟。

As if….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：It is as if……。(就好象是……)

As if + 从句，主句。（好像…… Sb.+ do…）表达一种假设的条件。而As if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。

L. 33 A Day to Remember 中原句，“As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。

注：Something is to happened，I‘m to face it。

注意事项

使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：

1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.

If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.

2．if 省略句

在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首, 变为倒装句式。如：

If I were at school again, I would study harder.

→ Were I at school again, I would study harder.

If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.

→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.

3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：

What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)

We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadn't got your help)

But for the rain ( = If it hadn't been for the rain ), we would have finished the work.

4．含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. (副词)

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)

A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句）

I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)

Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly. (独立主格结构

高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解大全

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If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况

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英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）

英语中虚拟语气

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大学英语语法-虚拟语气

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高中英语提高之虚拟语气用法

虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 而不表示客观存在的事实， 所说的是一个条件， 不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 例： If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。 （真实） If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你， 我马上就会去。（非真实， 虚拟语气） If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。 （非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were） （ be 动词 were ）
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do

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能力，同时安排适当的练习，保证学生能够当堂消化所讲内容。 教学器材： 黑板，粉笔，草稿纸，教案，给学生的资料，如果有条件可以适当运用多媒体。 时间分配： 讲课40分钟，做练习题20分钟。 ㈢课程设计： 一、导入： If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （这两个句子是什么形式？之前学过还有印象吗？通过提问问题激发学生的思考能力，再次对学生的知识掌握能力进行了解。） 二、讲解虚拟语气基本知识 Ⅰ什么是虚拟语气？ 虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义。虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 Ⅱ虚拟语气在真实条件句非真实条件句中 真实条件句：表示现实或可能变为现实的条件。 非真实条件句：表示非现实的，或不可能，或不大可能变为现实的条件。 （老师举例说明真实条件句和非真实条件句。）

高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

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