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2014最新人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总

2014最新人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总
2014最新人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

一、询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法

(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:

What’s the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?

What’s wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?

What’s the trouble (with sb.)?(某人)出什么事了?

What happened (to sb.)?(某人)发生了什么事?

Are you OK?你没事吧?

Is there anything wrong with sb.?某人有什么事吗?

(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:

①某人+have/has+病症.

The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。

某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.

She had a stomachache last night.她昨晚肚子痛。

③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位. He has a sore throat.他喉咙痛。

④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词. He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。

⑤某部位+hurt(s).

My head hurts badly.我头痛得厉害。

⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位, I have a pain in my chest.我胸口痛。

⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位.

There is something wrong with my right eye..我的右眼有毛病。

⑧其他表达方式

She has a heart trouble.她有心脏病。

He got hit on the head他头部受到了撞击。

She cut her finger.她割破手指了。

二情态动词should的用法

1.Should为情态动词,意为“应该;应当”,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。 You should drink hot water with honey.你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。

He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。

We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。

2.Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句,表示征询意见。 Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗? Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗?

【拓展】在英语中,表示建议的说法有很多,而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有:

①Would you like (to do) sth.?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗?

Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗?

②Shall I/we do sth ?我/我们做……好吗?

Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园,好吗?

③Why not do sth ?为什么不……呢?

Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?

④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样? How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样?

⑤Let’s do sth让我们做……吧。 Let’s go home.咱们回家吧。

⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。

You’d better not go there alone.你最好不要一个人去那儿。

Unit 2 I'll help clean up the city parks

动词不定式

A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.

B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare…常接动词不定式作宾语。

C. 作(后置)定语——常用于“have/has+sth.+to do”或“enough+名+to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。

D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have,,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)”。

E. 动词不定式作状语

主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了,目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。

F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法常见的形式有:

had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room

Could you please...?句型

(1)请求别人时通常用此句型,也可以说:Can you...please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求,在意思上无区别,但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I...?若在句末加上please,则显得更礼貌。

Could you help me find my book,please?你能帮我找到我的书吗?

(2)对could you/I...?的问句作出肯定回答,常用“sure/certainly/of course”等;如果作否定回答,常用“sorry或oh,please don’t”。一般不用no开头,用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。

(3)表示请求的句式:

Would you like to do...? Would you mind doing...? Let’s do.... Shall I/we do...?

Please do...(祈使句前加please)

提示:could you please...与could I Please...两种问句,前者是请求别人帮忙的句式,后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较:

Could you please help me?请你帮我一下好吗?

Could I please invite my friends to my birthday party,Mom? 妈妈,我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗?

Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?

1.提建议向别人发出邀请,请求,建议,或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式:How /what about doing sth.?(about是个介词,可跟名词或动名词)“…怎么样?”

You’d better (not) do something.“你最好(不)做某事”

Would you like sth …?:“你想要某物Let?s do sth…?

What should I do …? ( should表示请求、征询对方意见)

2.学会谈论问题和学会用why don't you…提建议向别人发出邀请,请求,建议,或征求某人的意见的表达方式:Why don?t you do something? =Why not do something? 你为什么不做某事呢?来表示请求、征询对方意见3.until, so that ,although引导的状语从句:

1)until:在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don?t get off until the bus stops.

2)so that引导目的状语从句(为了,以便)例如:He studies hard so that he could work better in the future

3)although的用法意思相当于though(尽管,虽然),引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but,and, so 等连用,但可以和yet, still等词连用。例如:Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管他很累,但是他继续工作。

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

过去进行时

1. 基本概念:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的

动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。

2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing

3. 句式

肯定式:

I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.

否定式:

I/He/She/It was not working.

We/You/They/ were not working.

疑问式和简略回答:

Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Was he/she/it working? Yes , he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注:

1) was not常缩略为wasn’t; were not常缩略为weren’t。

2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。例如:

David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)

David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)

4.过去进行时中的when和while

when, while 区别:

1) 由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;由while引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般过去时,从句应用过去进行时。

When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为: While we were talking, the teacher came in.

2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导。如:

They were singing while we were dancing.

Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains

1. unless引导条件状语从句

unless = if … not ―除非,若不

They will go tomorrow unless it rains.

= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.

2. as soon as引导时间状语从句。―……就

He will come and see you as soon as he can.

3. so.......that引导结果状语从句

句型1:主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句

The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.

句型2: so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句

It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.

句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句

He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.

句型4: so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句

I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.

Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级

(一)原级句型:

1. A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A 与B一样…eg: He is as tall as me.

2.A is not as/so +原级+ as B表示A不如B…eg:He is not as tall as me.

3.只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too,so, enough, pretty等

例如,He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。

(二)比较级句型

可以修饰比较级的词,much,a lot,far,…的多a little,a bit,…一点儿 even甚至,still仍然

Eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。

Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。

1.当句中有than 时则用比较级。 eg: He is fatter than me.

2.当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级:“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,A or B?”

eg: Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?

3. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。

eg.The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。

加more构成比较级的形容词则用more and more +形容词表示越来越…

eg: English is more and more important.

4. “the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。

Eg. The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

5.“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。

Eg.Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.

6.A+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”,含义是“A最……”。

Eg. The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.

=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.

(三)最高级常用句型结构

1.“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。

eg:Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.

This apple is the biggest of the five.

2.“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。

Eg:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.

3.“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A,B,or C?”用于三者以上

eg Which is the biggest? The moon,the sun or ths earth?

4.“the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示…是第几大(…)

eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .

【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the,但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the eg: He is the best student in my class. He is my best friend.

(四)形容词副词的规则与不规则变化

规则变化

1.一般在词尾直接加er或est,例如,tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest

2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,例如,nice-nicer-nicest

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est,例如,

heavy-heavier-heaviest

4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est,

eg. big-bigger-biggest

5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,例如,

slowly-more slowly-most slowly;beautiful- more beautiful-most beautiful

不规则变化

原级比较级最高级

good/well better best

bad/badly/ill worse worst

many/much more most

little less least

far farther farthest

further furthest

old older Oldest(无血缘关系的)

elder eldest(有血缘关系)

Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?

一/重点短语

1. on page 25 在第2 5 页

2. the back of the book 书的背面

3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙

4. in two weeks 在两周之内

5. go out to sea 出海

6. an island fu ll of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿

7. w rite about 写作关于……的内容

8. finish doing sth. 做完某事

9. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来

10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事

11. grow fru its and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜

12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前

13. the marks of another m an’ s feet另一个人的脚印

14. not long after that 不久之后

15. run towards sp. 跑向某地

16. use... to do sth. 用……来做某事

17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记

18. read the newspaper 看报

19. science fiction 科幻小说

20. can’ t wait to do s th. 迫不及待地做某事

21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法

22. number of people 人数23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事

24. study abroad 在国外学习

25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事

26. come to realize 开始意识到

27. ever since then 自从那时起

28. the southern states of America美国的南部地区

29. belong to 属于

30. be kind to each other 善待彼此

31. trust one another 互相信任

32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美

33. have been to sp. 去过某地

34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究

35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事

36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事

37. the first line in the song歌曲的第一行

38. enjoy success in享受……的成功

39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候

二/重点句型

1. Have you….. yet?

— Have you read Little Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》吗?

— Yes,I have. /N o , I haven’ t.是的,我读过。/ 不,我没有。

2. Has... yet?

— Has T in a read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?

— Yes, she has. She thinks i t ’ s fantastic.是的,她读过。她觉得它很棒。

3. W ould you lik e ... ?

Would you like something to drink? 你要来点喝的吗?

4. I heard...

I heard you lost your key. 我听说你丢钥匙了。

5. . . . came to realize how m uch...

She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她开始意识到,事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。

Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?

现在完成时 (Present Perfect Tense)

(1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

—It’s so dark. 太黑了。

—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把灯关上了。

(2)表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

常与since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间,since+时间段+ego, so far等时间状语连用。

Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这里10年了。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还住这儿)

Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自从2003年我就住在这儿。(从2003年开始,持续到现在还住这儿)

(3)基本结构及句型转换:主语+have/has+过去分词(done) (当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)

①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他I have finished my homework. (肯定句)

②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他I have not finished my homework. (否定句)

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

—Have you finished your homework?

—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答)

(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的区别

Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)

Eg. ---Where is your father?

---He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方)

Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.

Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)

Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.

(5)现在完成时的标志:

①常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等连用,强调动作的完成,不强调动作的持续。

Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.

②for + 时间段;since + 过去的时间点;since + 段时间 ago;since + 一般过去时的句子。

They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.

(6)动词过去式和过去分词的变化

规则变化: 1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如:

pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed

2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如:like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned

3. 以―辅音字母 + y‖结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed。如:

study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied

4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,要双写辅音字母,再加-ed。如:

stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped

不规则变化:

5. 以不变应万变。如:let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read

6. 若中间有双写e,则去掉一个e,单词末尾再加t。如:

feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept

7. 结尾的字母d变t。如:lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent

8. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如:buy → bought → bought;

bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught

Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.

短暂性动词(buy, die, join, finish等)不能直接与for, since 连用,需要改变动词。

1)begin(start)--be on

2) open--be open

3)become--be

4)die--be dead

5) fall asleep-- be asleep

6)close -- be closed

7)end/ finish---be over

8) put on--wear 9)leave-- be away(from)

10)catch a cold--have a cold

11)join the army--in the army/be a soldier

12)borrow---keep

13)join the party-- be in the party/ be a party member

14) buy---have

15)come/go/ arrive/reach/get /move to ---be in /at

总结:1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果;

2.还可以表示过去发生的动作,一直持续到现在,也有可能持续下去.

3..一般情况下,for+时间段; since+过去的时间点;since + 段时间 ago;since + 一般过去时的句子

4.句型:现在完成时态(have/has+延续性动词的过去分词)+ for/ since...

八年级下册英语语法大全

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You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下: 一般疑问句构成: (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah e to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won't 否定句构成:will + not (won't)+do

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初二英语语法知识点总结 英语是世界上普遍使用的语言,下面是由学习啦小编分享的初二英语语法知识点总结,希望对你有用。 初二英语语法知识点总结:重点短语 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先,第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室 23. at the head of……在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢,抛散

26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as…一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地,反复地 38. wake up 醒来,叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动 42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事 43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立,单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多 48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来,取回

人教版新目标八年级下册英语语法

八年级下册英语 1.形容词,副词的比较等级考查热点透视: a)表示A与B在程度上相同时,“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时,可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。 b)表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时,可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构 c)表示三者或三者以上的比较,其中一个在程度上“最…..”时,常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构,后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意:副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.) d)在形容词或副词的比较级前,可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰,以加强语气。 e)表示“越来越….”时,常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构,但要注意,对于多音节和部分双音节形容词,副词而言,若要表达此意时,要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。 f)在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时,常使用“one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构,其中的定冠词the不可以省略。 g)如果强调“两者中比较…的(一个)”的意思时,可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。 h)表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级,the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。 2 .一般将来时 a)一般将来时的构成:由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall用于第一人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll 用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时,表示将要发生的事,打算或决定要做的事。 b)一般将来时的用法:1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2)不以人的意志为转移,肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。 3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”,句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”,所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后,或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时,它可以与将来时态连用。 4.more, less, fewer的用法区别:more为many, much的比较级,意为“更多”,可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little 的比较级,意为“更好,较少”,修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级,意为“更少”,修饰可数名词复数。【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点,几个”。 5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“;would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答为“Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或“I’d like /love to, but….” 6. Such作形容词,意思是“如此的”“这样的”,修饰各种名词。 Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。 Such常和as搭配,表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。 Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配,表示“如此….以至于…”如 It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home. Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词,所以that从句前有一个受such 修饰的名词;而so 是副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如 They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.

初二英语语法知识点总结

1.want sb to do sth 想要某人干某事 2.try to do sth 尽力干某事 3. try not to do sth 尽力不干某事 4. try one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力干某事 5. try on 试穿have a try 试一试 6. although /though 引导让步状语从句,“即使,虽然”,不能与but 连用,但可与yet, still 连用。 7.finish doing sth 结束干某事 8.can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地干某事 9.decide to do sth 决定干某事decide not to do sth 决定不干某事.decide on doing sth 决定干某事同义词组: make a decision to do sth = make up one’s mind to do sth = decide to do sth 10.plan to do sth 计划干某事11.think about doing sth 考虑干某事12.go + v-ing 的用法: 13.:It’s + adj +for /of sb to do sth 同义句:1).I t’s +adj +for sb +to do sth = To do sth + be +adj 2).It’s +adj +of sb +to do sth = Sb +be +adj + to do sth 14. 1).take the train to …=go to …by train take the bus to …= go to …by bus 2).fly to …= go to …by plane /air walk to …. = go to …on foot ride a bike to …= go to …. by bike My uncle went to New York last week . 15. 1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ). 16. A +be +距离+from +sb = It’s +距离+from A+ to sb. 17.leave ,leave for , leave …for …1).leave +地点“离开某地”2).leave for +地点“前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地“离开某地前往某地” 18.all …not = not all “并非都”部分否定注:not 与all /both /every ….. 连用构成部分否定。19.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多= a lot of /many , number 前可用large /small 来修饰,a large / small number of ….. 作主语时,谓语用复数。2).the number of ….的数量, 作主语时,谓语用单数。20. 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。21.表示客气地请求某人干某事1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 22. 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事3).be busy 的反义词组be free / have time I am busy tomorrow 23. 1).whole 一般置于冠词,物主代词或其他限定词之后,all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词,all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。24.however / but however “然而,可是”用于句首或句中,须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。25. 1).most of the +复数名词“…..中的大多数”2).most +复数名词“大多数的…….” 26. 1).beat:打败后面接打败的人或对象beat sb 2).win:赢后面接比赛的项目(race , game , match , prize …..) 3).lose:输lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物27.do you think 作为插入语1).位置:放在疑问词之后2).语序:后面的句子用陈述句语序。 28.常见的不可数名词:weather work food news advice information fun music paper water 29. 1).afford 常与情态动词can , can’t , could , couldn’t 连用2).afford 后面接名词或代词不定时。3).同义句:can’t afford to do sth = sb don’t /doesn’t have enough money to do sth . 30. 1).listen to …仔细倾听强调听的过程2).hear …听到、听见强调听的结果3).sound …. 系动词“听起来…….”后面接形容词而sound like +名词31. 1).not as…as 之间要用原级2).同义句:A + not as/so…as +B= A + 形容词的反义词的比较级+ than + B = B + 形容词的比较级+ than +A 32. finally = at last = in the end Finally he came up with an idea 33.turn on / open 的区别:1.turn on :指打开水流,煤气,电灯,电视,收音机等电器的开关。 2.open:指关着的门,窗,箱子打开。 34.into/ in 的区别: 1.into表示“到……里面去”,进入到……某空间里。属于动态介词。 2.in表示“在……里面”,在某一空间或范围之内。属于静态介词。 35. too…to…= not…enough to …= so…that…. 36.:called = named = with the name (of) ?37. 1.see sb do sth :看见某人做了某事 2.see sb doing sth .看见某人正在做某事(注):类似的动词有:hear ,watch ,notice 等。省to的不定式变被动语态时,需带上

初二英语语法总结大全

初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 (1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest (2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest (3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest (4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

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