新标准大学英语读写课后题及答案(可用于期末备考=w=)

UNIT 1

1. achieving good results

2. the fact of being present at an event, or of going regularly to school, church etc

3. the refusal to accept something new, such as a plan, idea, or change

4. determined to be successful, rich, famous etc

5. agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion

6. the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc

7. very good, large, or showing great skill

To be a successful film scriptwriter takes more than training although (1)________ on a screenwriting course will definitely help you learn the skills. You also need to be very (2) ________—the film business is very competitive. You have to be prepared to work hard and be very (3) ________because it takes more than just one good idea to make it big. No matter how (4) ________ your idea is, there will always be (5) ________ from producers because it's too expensive. So make sure you have plenty of others to show them. What are you waiting for? Get on with writing that brilliant (6) ________ and plan your (7) ________speech for when you win your first Oscar!

1. We've seen a place we like and we're applying for a loan to buy a house. _________

2. We stood on the top floor of the boat and watched the coast disappear into the horizon.

_________

3. I love to walk along the beach and watch the waves breaking, and the white water hitting the shore. _________

4. In seaside areas in the north-east of the country, life is hard and fishermen have to go against the forces of nature every time they go to work. _________ _________

5. Agreement was finally reached after a long and heated discussion. _________

1 If you watch an impromptu performance of something, has it

(a) been prepared, or (b) not been prepared?

2 When you map out your future, do you (a) plan it carefully, or (b) draw a sketch of it on paper?

3 If you brace yourself for something unpleasant, do you (a) try not to think about it, or (b) prepare yourself for it mentally and physically?

4 Do you moor a boat by (a) turning the steering wheel, or (b) tying it to a post with a rope?

5 Is a rusty piece of metal something that (a) is bright and shiny, or (b) might have been left out in the rain and is covered with brown substance?

6 If a bowl is brimming with soup, is it (a) very full, or (b) half empty?

7 If someone is being held captive, are they (a) free to do as they please, or (b) being kept as a prisoner?

8 If you have figured out something, have you (a) added numbers together, or (b) understood it?

1 involving three things of the same kind

2 an area of ground where dead people are buried

3 the part of a place or thing that is at the back

4 a book that someone writes about someone else’s life

5 to put people or things into a space that is too small

6 at the very beginning of a career and likely to be successful at it

7 continuing only for a limited time or distance

8 to pass

1. About two hours (1)________ before we reached the (2) ________ where the war dead were buried.

2. I sat in the (1) ________ seat behind the driver. My three sisters were all (2) ________ in the front.

3. The entrance to the car park was blocked, so the road was full of cars which had been

________-parked one against another, making it almost impossible to get past.

4. We have a number of (1) ________ authors in our class this year, one of whom has written a fascinating (2) ________ of his grandmother.

5. The time we have on this earth may be________ , but there are no limits to the human imagination

1 If you substantiate a claim, do you (a) prove it is true, or (b) persuade someone that it is true?

2 If someone tramples over something, do they (a) pour water over it, or (b) walk all over it?

3 If someone’s arrival is untimely, is it (a) at the wrong moment, or (b) late?

4 If events are described chronologically, do they occur (a) in the order in which they happened, or

(b) in no particular order?

5 Is ingeniously likely to mean (a) artistically, or (b) cleverly?

6 Is knackered an informal British word meaning (a) very relaxed, or (b) extremely tired?

7 Is patently likely to mean (a) obviously, or (b) usually?

8 When something is allotted to you, is it (a) given to you, or (b) taken from you?

1 If you check something out, do you (a) find out, or (b) not think about it?

2 If you see something from the sidelines, do you (a) take part in the action, or (b) stay away from it?

3 If something is down to you, is it your (a) bad luck, or (b) responsibility?

4 If you have something on the back burner, (a) will you look at it later, or (b) are you interested in it now?

5 If you are in a position to do something, are you (a) able, or (b) unable to do it?

6 If time is ticking away, does it seem (a) as if it will last forever, or (b) to be passing quickly?

7 If you can have one shot at something, (a) are you allowed to shoot it, or (b) do you have only one chance to do it?

8 If you make the best of something, do you (a) enjoy it while you can, or (b) work hard to make it

a success?

9 If a girl stands you up, does she (a) fail to turn up for a date, or (b) refuse to sit down when you ask her to?

1 .We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here, that we would never get a chance lik

e this again, and we became determined not to waste it. Most important o

f course were the final ex

ams in April and May in the following year. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in clas s, so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong. Libraries which were once empty after five o’clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning, and guys w ore the bags under their eyes and their pale, sleepy faces with pride, like medals proving their dilig ence.

我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。

2 Tomorrow? It’s all a lie; there isn’t a tomorrow. There’s only a promissory note that we are often not in a position to cash. It doesn’t even exist. When you wake up in the morning it’ll be today ag ain and all the same rules will apply. Tomorrow is just another version of now, an empty field that will remain so unless we start planting some seeds. Your time, which is ticking away as we speak ( at about 60 seconds a minute chronologically; a bit faster if you don’t invest your time wisely), wil l be gone and you’ll have nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of ―could haves‖, ―should haves‖ and ―would haves‖.

明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下嘀嗒嘀塔地走着，每分钟顺时针走60 秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了―本可以做‖、―本应该做‖、―本来会做‖的事情。

1 对于是否应该在大学期间详细规划自己的未来，学生们意见不一。有的人认为对未来应该有一个明确的目标和详细的计划，为日后可能遇到的挑战做好充分的准备；有的人则认为不用过多考虑未来，因为未来难以预料。(map out; brace oneself for; uncertainty)

Students differ about whether they should have their future mapped out when they are still at university. Some think they should have a definite goal and detailed plan, so as to brace themselves for any challenges, whereas some others think they don’t have to th ink much about the future, because future is full of uncertainties.

2 经过仔细检查，这位科学家得知自己患了绝症。虽然知道自己将不久于人世，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，而是准备好好利用剩下的日子，争取加速推进由他和同事们共同发起的那个研究项目，以提前结项。(tick away; make the best of; have a shot at)

After a very careful check-up, the scientist was told he had got a fatal disease. Although he knew that his life was ticking away, instead of complaining about the fate, the scientist decided to make the best of the remaining days, and speed up the research project he and his colleagues initiated, and have a shot at completing it ahead of schedule.

UNIT 2

1 accurate and true

2 continuing all the time

3 to spin quickly in circles

4 to shine very brightly

5 to laugh in a nervous, excited or silly way that is difficult to control

6 to encourage someone to speak or continue speaking

7 to fall to the ground

Plath never needed to be (1)________ to talk about her childhood memories. They were very (2) ________and still real to her as an adult. She imagined she could fly and (3) ________ through the air like Superman. Coming from the highways around Boston was the (4) ________ sound of traffic. In the distance a plane

was taking off, its lights (5) ________ into the night sky. She remembered the sound of (6)

________ whichcame from the group of girls. Sadly in her later life it seemed as if Superman had (7) ________ to earth.

1 The lights at the airport went on and off all day and night.

2 The playground was like a desert. It was without any interesting or positive features and unfriendly.

3 The boys were playing a children’s game in which the players chase and try to touch each other and the girls were gossiping and giggling.

4 Pulling the legs off insects is a form of action causing extreme physical pain by someone as a punishment, and is extremely cruel.

5 The similarity in appearance between the twins was striking.

6 He would cover candy with a piece of cloth used for cleaning lips and hands, and make it disappear.

1 If you look through a kaleidoscope, are you likely to see (a) changing coloured patterns, or (b) a single coloured pattern?

2 If you flaunt something, do you (a) deliberately try to make people notice, or (b) try to hide it?

3 If you marvel at something, do you find it (a) boring, or (b) surprising and fascinating?

4 Are shooting stars likely to (a) move brightly through the night sky, or (b) stand still?

5 Is the twilight likely to be (a) at the end of, or (b) in the middle of the day?

6 If you drift off to sleep, are you likely to fall asleep (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?

7 If someone is bookish, are they likely to be (a) more, or (b) less interested in reading books than doing other activities?

8 If you make up something, do you (a) invent it, or (b) borrow it from someone else?

9 If you come into your own, are you likely to show (a) how effective and useful, or (b) ineffective and useless you can be?

10 Is a villain likely to be a (a) good, or (b) bad person?

11 If you are left out of something, are you likely to be (a) included, or (b) excluded?

1 consumption

(a) the process of buying or using goods

(b) the process of eating, drinking, or smoking something

2 colonial

(a) relating to a system or period in which one country rules another

(b) made in a style that was common in North America in the 18th century

3 knit

(a) to make something such as a piece of clothing using wool and sticks called knitting needles

(b) to join together or work together as one group or unit

4 harsh

(a) unpleasant and difficult to live in

(b) strict, unkind, and often unfair

5 contact

(a) communication between people, countries, or organizations either by talking or writing

(b) a situation in which people or things touch each other

6 impose

(a) to force someone to have the same opinion, belief as you

(b) to cause extra work for someone by asking them to do something that may not be convenient for them

7 perspective

(a) a way of thinking about something

(b) a sensible way of judging how good, bad, important etc something is in comparison with other things

Our (1) knowledge and understanding of childhood is undergoing a process of (2) nonstop change. In the West we see children as being (3) in need of adult control. However, among other (4) socio-cultural groups with similar traditions children are (5) mainly considered to be capable of assuming greater responsibilities. So there is a (6) strong desire for (7) someone who does not belong to this group to think that such practices might be odd or even harmful. But while most ethnic groups may at first show (8) hesitation about integrating other traditions and customs with their own, (9) outside pressures usually make them change their traditional view of childhood. Replacements:

1 Is prosecution likely to be (a) the act of accusing someone of a crime, or (b) the process of supervision by the social services?

2 Is intricate likely to be (a) very basic, or (b) very detailed in design?

3 Is leniency likely to involve (a) kindness and understanding, or (b) strict discipline?

4 If someone tells you off, are they (a) criticizing, or (b) praising you?

5 Is a mischievous child likely to (a) be well behaved, or (b) enjoy having fun by causing trouble?

6 If a child is wilful, are they likely to cause damage or harm (a) deliberately, or (b) by mistake?

7 When a child is unsupervised, are they likely to be (a) looked after by adults, or (b) without an adult looking after them?

8 Is something bizarre likely to be (a) strange and difficult to explain, or (b) very usual?

1 The Australian bush fires blazed for several days before they were brought under control.

2 As a child Ruth’s long dark hair tumbled down her back.

3 He comes from a very close-knit / tight-knit family with three brothers and two sisters.

4 I remember my father used to knit his brows / eyebrows together when he was thinking hard about something.

5 It was extremely hot and the sun was blazing.

6 Did you knit that jumper / hat yourself? It’s really beautiful!

7 I’m watching the financial markets – I think the prices of stocks will tumble quite soon.

1 My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and caught myself on the soft bed just in time. These nightly adventures in space began when Superman started invading my dreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by in his shining blue suit with his cape whistling in the wind, looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with mother and me. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of a thousand planes.

我的飞行梦像达利的风景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从空中摔下来，虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得喘不过气来。当超人开始侵入我的梦乡，并教给我飞行的技巧之后，我每夜的太空冒险便开始了。超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服，肩披随风飕飕作响的斗篷，经常从我身边呼啸而过。他长得太像我的舅舅弗兰克了，舅舅那会儿正跟妈妈和我住在一起。当超人的斗篷神奇地旋转时，我好像能听见上百只海鸥的振翅声，上千架飞机的马达轰鸣声。

2 In contrast, children on the Pacific island of Tonga, studied by Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by their parents and older siblings. They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults because they lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or poto as the Tongans call it). They are regularly told off for being clumsy and a child who falls over may be laughed at, shouted at, or beaten. Children are thought of as mischievous; they cry or want to feed simply because they are naughty, and beatings are at their most severe between the ages of three and five when children are seen as particularly wilful. Parents believe that social competence can only be achieved through discipline

and physical punishment, and treat their children in ways that have seemed very harsh to outsiders.

相反，根据海伦·莫顿的研究，太平洋岛国汤加的儿童经常挨父母和哥哥姐姐的打。人们认为儿童和成年人相比更像疯子，因为他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力（汤加人称之为poto）。小孩子经常因为笨手笨脚而挨骂，他们连摔跤都会被嘲笑、呵斥，甚至被打。人们认为儿童很顽皮，都是因为淘气他们才哭闹，或者要东西吃。在大人看来，三至五岁的儿童尤其任性，因此他们打这个年龄段的孩子也打得最狠。父母们相信，只有靠训导和体罚才能使孩子获得社会能力，所以他们用一种在外人看来非常严厉的方式对待孩子。

1 在火车站上，有一位老人给我讲述了他参加解放战争的经历，那些战斗故事对我有着极大的吸引力。后来他上了车，列车从我身边隆隆地开走了。可那些故事仍然是那么清晰可见，对于英雄们的壮举，我钦佩不已。(fascination; roar; marvel at)

At the railway station, an old man told me his experience in the Liberation War, the fighting stories of which were of great fascination to me. Then he got up on the train and it roared past me. But the stories were so real and definite that I greatly marvelled at the courageous deeds of those war heroes.

2 行之有效的环保政策不仅能创造良好的生态环境，还能大大降低能源消耗。回顾这个地区近年来的发展情况，我们惊喜地发现地区政府强制实行的环保政策不但没有受到任何批评，还促使居民增强了环保意识，尽其所能节约能源。(consumption; impose; take exception to; prompt)

Effective environmental policy might bring about a good environment, as well as reducing energy consumption. Looking back on the recent development of this region, we find, to our pleasant surprise, that little exception has been taken to the environmental policy of the local government, and the policy has also raised the environmental awareness of the local residents and prompted them to save energy as possible as they could.

UNIT 3

1 to make up or form something

2 happening or done at the same time

3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed

4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hitting a drum or other surface

5 to receive or obtain something from something else

6 someone who writes music, especially classical music

7 as much as is needed

Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1)________ the world has ever known. His

Well-Tempered Clavichord (2) ________ one of the most complete works for keyboard ever written. It is(3) ________ both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) ________ musician (as an organist and

a choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) ________ ―modern‖ by the generation which followed him, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was rediscovered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense of (6) ________ and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky,(7) ________ a lot of their musical ideas from him.

1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition.

2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music.

3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity.

4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art?

5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products.

6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit sill y.

1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together?

2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinking about something else?

3 Do you look for consolation (a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news?

4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or (b) making everybody happy?

5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it?

6 If you pin something down, are you (a) able to examine it carefully, or (b) unable to examine it carefully?

7 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of the music?

8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which follows a lot of thought?

1 someone who looks at a picture, photograph, or piece of art

2 a painting, drawing or photograph of someone, especially of their face only

3 relating to people’s homes and family life

4 the inside part of something, especially a building or vehicle

5 as a result

6 to start to employ someone or use their services

7 to officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you

In the beginning it was only the rich and famous who had their (1)________ painted. But from the Renaissance onwards things changed. Firstly, the growing importance of the middle classes led many ordinary people to (2) _______ paintings, often of members of their family. Secondly, artists became interested in showing scenes of (3) _______, set in the (4) interiors of ordinary houses, and (5) _______ they began to (6) _______ ordinary people, such as servant girls, as models. Part of the mystery for (7) _______ today concerns the identity of these models, in masterpieces such as Leonardo’s

1 He changed his religion from Protestantism and became a Catholic.

2 One of the assistant’s jobs was to break into a powder the paints.

3 The newspaper started to change the fact so that it was no longer true ever since it existed, and the local government was definitely one of the victims.

4 You don’t have to make a hole in your ears to be able to wear these earrings.

5 The lives of artists have often been linked to shocking events and situations.

6 One of the most striking aspects of the painting is the turban she is wearing on her head.

7 I’ll finish the painting this evening, so from now until then you can have a break.

1 Are exotic clothes likely to be (a) ordinary, or (b) unusual?

2 Is a sitter someone who (a) is being painted, or (b) spends a lot of time sitting down?

3 Is a conventional sense of beauty one which is (a) shared and understood by most people, or (b) different from what is shared and understood by most people?

4 Is an enigmatic expression one which is full of (a) good humour, or (b) mystery?

5 If you have a volatile personality, do you get angry (a) quickly, or (b) only when you can’t tolerate?

6 If you are wary of something, are you (a) excited about it, or (b) careful and nervous about it?

7 If you show something explicitly, do you (a) make its meaning very clear so there is no doubt about it, or (b) leave its meaning unclear?

8 If a woman tries to keep her modesty, does she (a) cover her hair and body to avoid any sexual feeling in men, or (b) talk and act with good grace?

9 Is jealousy the feeling you get when you think someone you love (a) is attracted to somebody else, or (b) doesn’t love you any more?

Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each th eme, one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of e motional feeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exa ct quality of its sadness. Is it pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly s ad?

可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。依次地、一个个地听听其中的每一个主题，你很快就会意识到每个主题都反映了一个不同的情感世界，你很快也会意识到你越觉得某个主题美妙，就越难找到令你完全满意的字眼来描述它。是的，你当然知道那个主题是欢快的还是悲伤的。换句话说，你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主题的情感框架。那么就更仔细地听一下这个悲伤的主题吧，要明确悲伤的性质。是悲观厌世的悲伤，还是无可奈何的悲伤？是时运不济的悲伤，还是强颜欢笑的悲伤？

We know less about the Girl with the Pearl Earring than any of Vermeer’s works. Indeed, the unex plainable lack of background information may even contribute to the worldwide popularity the pai nting enjoys. With so much mystery, the painting has been the theme of first, a novel and later, a fi lm, both of which attempt to answer some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, whic h is immediately more appropriate to the medium of the novel or the film: Are her wide eyes and e nigmatic half-smile innocent or seductive?

我们对《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的了解比对维梅尔的其他作品都少。实际上，这种无法解释的背景资料的缺失甚至会使得该画更受欢迎。正因为如此神秘，这幅画先是成了一部小说的主题，而后又被一部电影所采纳。它们都试图揭开有关这幅画的一些谜题，其中一个是：女孩那双睁得大大的眼睛，以及那一丝神秘的微笑，到底是天真还是诱惑？像小说或电影这类媒介更适合作出回答。

随着婚礼的临近，苏珊变得非常焦虑。她说不清楚是什么让自己如此烦恼。在同好友凯特长谈了一次后，她才意识到，尽管自己已经28岁了，但在情感方面还不够成熟，还没有为婚姻做好准备，也不知道这桩婚姻是否会给自己带来美满的家庭生活。(pin down; guarantee) As the wedding ceremony was approaching, Susan had become quite anxious. She could not pin d own what exactly was troubling her. After a long talk with her close friend Kate, she realized that, although she was 28 years old, she was not emotionally mature enough to be ready for marriage an d she was not sure whether the marriage would guarantee her a happy family life.

2 她知道中国学生总是不愿意表达自己的情感和想法，这不仅仅因为他们对自己的英语口语

不够自信，还因为他们相信稳重是一种美德。因此她特意设计了一些简单的话题，鼓励学生参与讨论，让他们增强自信心，拉近彼此间的距离。( shy away; engage sb in)

She knew that Chinese students had a way of shying away from revealing their feelings or opinion s, due not merely to their lack of confidence in spoken English, but to their belief in the virtue of modesty. So she specially conceived a couple of simple topics and encouraged them in the discussi on, in order that they might become more confident and closer with each other.

UNIT 4

1 old, broken or useless things

2 relating to large companies, or a particular large company

3 to not approve of someone or something

4 to form a picture of someone or something in your mind

5 an agreement in which you risk an amount of money by saying what you think will happen

6 to find out something

7 the space at the left or right side of a page where words are not usually printed or written

8 to discuss something with other people in order to reach a decision

9 important, respected, and admired

10 to twist your face into an expression that shows you are angry

1 It’s not easy to ________ what life was like in the age of the steam engine.

2 If you ________ of these plans, you should let me know exactly what you find wrong with them.

3 Thomas’ room is full of ________ like broken electrical equipment and old computer parts he doesn’t n eed.

4 My________ is that this type of job won’t give you much satisfaction.

5 We’re going to need some time to ________ with our lawyers before we make a decision.

6 The________ of the pages in this document have all been written on.

7 We can’t accept you r application, without ________ the authenticity of your qualifications.

8 It was a ________ decision to close the bank, not the choice of any individual.

9 She’s a very ________ person, and a very eminent professor.

10 Why is he ________ at me? What have I done?

1 A curious child is often eager to inquire about the jobs their parents do.

2 Most people think the decision they took is impossible to understand.

3 Could you write down any ideas you have during the meeting on this piece of paper?

4 You are very careful about noticing details if you can remember exactly what the manager was wearing.

5 I’m afraid we don’t know the place where Helen is right now.

6 Don’t be unhappy and lacking in enthusiasm. I’m sure one of the applications will be successful.

7 I’d like to buy an open top car, but they’re all so terribly expensive.

1 If you look blank about something, do you (a) understand, or (b) not understand it?

2 If you come to grips with a problem, do you (a) start to deal with it, or (b) stop thinking about it?

3 When something falls apart, is it (a) in the wrong place, or (b) broken?

4 When something wears out, does it (a) not look very nice, or (b) become old and unusable?

5 If you mull over a problem, do you (a) think carefully about it for a long time, or (b) quickly solve it?

6 Do people sometimes say ―It beats me‖ because they (a) understand, or (b) don’t understand something?

1 an emotional state in which someone or something is so important to you that you are always thinking about them

2 the study of the way that goods and services are produced and sold and the way money is managed

3 to proudly tell other people about what you have done or can do, or about something you own

4 a car

5 an area or town near a large city but away from its centre, where there are many houses, especially for middle-class people

6 a new idea, method, piece of equipment etc

7 something that you suggest is true, although you do not say it directly

8 the limits of your experience

1 The middle-class dream used to be to live in a peaceful________ and own a new automobile.

2 Today we have an ________ with healthy lifestyles and the latest technological ________.

3 He has good reason to ________ about the progress he has made in his career.

4 The ________ is obvious: We are beginning to understand the impact of globalization.

5 Most of us need a professor of ________ to explain how our________ have been pushed back by theopening up of new world markets.

1 The water has risen to levels which we have never seen before.

2 Can you give me any reason which I can believe to explain what has happened?

3 I think that the decision was based on the fact that he doesn’t know anything.

4 The news you’ve just given me is absolutely incredible.

5 I hope this crisis will be followed by a period in which there is no change.

6 Are computers the best thing that ever happened to us, or a piece of bad luck caused by someone who wants to hurt us?

1 If a change is dazzling, is it (a) very impressive, or (b) not impressive at all?

2 If you use clichés in your writing, does your writing (a) contain some boring words or ideas that people have used a lot, or (b) contain lots of fresh thoughts?

3 If someone is arrogant, do they think that they (a) never, or (b) always know better than everyone else?

4 Is an entity something that (a) has, or (b) doesn’t have internal unity?

5 If you behave in a brutal way, are you (a) very gentle, or (b) very violent?

6 Do people who always grumble never seem (a) happy, or (b) unhappy about anything?

7 If you brag about something, do you talk (a) in a proud way that annoys people, or (b) patiently because it is hard to understand?

8 Is the advent of something another way of talking about (a) the appearance, or (b) the

disappearance of something?

9 If you refer to the magnitude of a problem, do you think that it might be (a) big, or (b) small?

10 If something happens in the wake of something else, does it (a) come before it, or (b) follow it?

1 Even grown men who do market research have trouble visualizing what a public

relations man does with his day, and it is a safe bet that the average systems analyst is as baffled a bout what a space salesman does at the shop as the average space salesman is about the tools need ed to analyze a system.

即使是那些从事市场研究工作的成年人也难很想象公关部的人每天都在做些什么。一名普通的系统分析师肯定不知道空间推销员在店里都干些什么，就好像空间推销员对分析系统的工具也一窍不通一样。

2 So run the clichés, anyway. But it is only our obsession with novelty, ignorance of deeper histori cal patterns and arrogant insistence on our own importance that leads us into this kind of talk. Hop ing to prove our superiority over the generations that

preceded us, we boast that we live in a period of unprecedented change. Yet there is a good case th at we do not, in fact, live in very interesting times at all.

不管怎么说，这就是那耳熟能详的套话。可是，让我们有这种论调的正是缘自我们对新奇事物的过度迷恋，对深层次历史模式的无知，以及我们的狂妄自大。为了证明相比于先辈们的优越性，我们夸耀说自己生活在一个前所未有的变革期。但是，有一个很好的例子可以用来证明，实际上我们并没有生活在多么有趣的时代。

1 我们根本就看不懂他们的计划书，因为他们的观点不太容易把握。这很可能是因为我们双方对于另一方的思维方式都感到同样的困惑。我认为应该安排一次面谈，让大家消除误会，扫除沟通的障碍。(make of; come to grips with; it’s a safe bet that; as baffled … as)

We couldn’t make of their proposal at all, because it was no easy job for us to come to grips with t heir perspective. It was a safe bet that we were as much baffled about their way of thinking as they were about ours. I think we need to arrange a meeting to clear up misunderstandings and to remov e communication barriers.

2 从与他共事二十多年的一位同事所写的传记中不难得出这样的结论：他所代表的绝对是该国二战之后的精英阶层，他们在宗教和政治方面的观念较为保守。

(nothing if not; in the wake of; in terms of)

From a biography written by one of his former colleagues who had worked with him for more tha n two decades, it is not difficult to conclude that what he

represented was nothing if not the elite class of the country in the wake of World War II, who were rather conservative in terms of religious and political views.

UNIT 5

1 money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people

2 involving or done with a lot of energy, effort, attention etc

3 knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject

4 supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer

5 capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way (competent)

6 a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined

7 to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want

8 to experience or deal with something, especially a problem

There are two big political parties in the United States: the Republican party, which is traditionally the more conservative of the two, and the Democratic party, which is said to be more (1)________. One of the most interesting and (2) ________ moments in American political life is the election campaign which comes before the presidential elections. Both parties need a lot of money to pay for the campaign, for which they rely on (3) ________ made by individuals and organizations. They also need a lot of new (4) ________ to work on the campaign. These people are usually young, intelligent and hard-working, (5) ________ in their jobs and not easily (6) ________ , since they are likely to (7) ________ a lot of problems which have to be resolved quickly. But they also need to be highly (8) ________, to be able to understand what the American people want, and to communicate with them through the style and organization of the election campaign.

1 She’s a pleasant young woman, who is always very good company.

2 I’m afraid the reasons he gave me for not coming to the meeting were silly and unreasonabe.

3 It is important to fight dishonest and illegal behaviour by officials.

4 It’s freezing out here, I’m shaking with cold.

5 You might find someone to help you in the office, but I’m not sure.

6 The attendant moved his shoulders up to suggest that he didn’t know the answer.

7 Don’t be so annoyed because the service is slow, you won’t miss your flight.

8 The sound of people clapping at the end of the Senator’s speech lasted for five minutes.

1 If you track down something, do you (a) find it, or (b) lose it after a long search?

2 Does someone who thinks on their feet make decisions (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?

3 If you know something inside out, do you know it (a) only in part, or (b) very well?

4 If you are in the running for a job, do you have (a) some chance, or (b) no chance of being chosen?

5 Is a hall-of-fame athlete someone who will be (a) quickly forgotten, or (b) remembered for a long time?

6 If the market is heaving with people, (a) is there a crowd of people there, or (b) are there not many people there?

7 If you summon someone, do you want them to (a) come to see you immediately, or (b) go away?

8 If you refrain from doing something, do you (a) do it, or (b) not do it?

9 If there is a flurry of activity, do a lot of things happen (a) all at once, or (b) over a long period of time?

1 support that you always give to someone or something because of your feelings of duty and love towards them

2 to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something

3 a company that sells the same goods or services as another company

4 a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other or give to the other

5 the control and operation of a business or organization

6 money used in a way that may earn you more money

A Does your company do a lot of business abroad?

B Yes, it does. We've recently signed a number of (1)________ in the Middle East.

A So you're making a major (2________) in that area?

B Yes, we are. We also have a lot of (3) ________ in our line of business, so it won't be easy.

A Have you ever thought of working for one of them?

B Not really, I've got a certain amount of (4) ________ to my own company. I think that I've been treated rather well by the (5) ________. And if things go well, the new project I'm working on should (6) ________ me to get promotion quite quickly.

1. These 2,000 words form the most basic part of the English language.

2. Some British people think belonging to the European Union is vital to the UK's national interests.

3. The process of sending the books may take up to two weeks.

4. They said they would cancel the contract if they weren't paid by next Thursday.

5. Can't you see the positive side? You always spend time talking about the bad things.

6. Your inner strength will enable you to overcome life's obstacles.

1. An intermediary tries to get two people or groups to ________ with each other.

(a) agree (b) disagree

2. Your successor in a job is the person who comes ________ you.

(a) after (b) before

3. If you have been nominated for a job, you have been ________ appointed.

(a) formally (b) only informally

4. A go-between is someone who ________.

(a) takes messages between two people (b) prevents them from communicating

5. An individualist is someone who ________ dependent on other people.

(a) is (b) isn't

6. If you can stand on your own feet, you can ________.

(a) look after yourself (b) see further than most people

7. Parental advice comes from ________.

(a) the government (b) your mother and / or father

1. It's not always easy to identify the group________ ________someone belongs.

2. The global community, ________ ________we are all part, is changing very rapidly.

3. The friends________ ________I grew up all left home years ago.

4. The standards________ ________we are judged today seem to have little to do with traditional values.

5. The society________ ________I grew up was rather different in those days.

6. My parents, ________ ________I owe so much, came from a very poor background.

1 Josh shivered as he checked the address on the slip of paper in his hand. He’d never been to

Joanne’s, but knew it by reputation, not because of its food, which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had a guest slot for a well-known movie

director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar quality of its sophisticated guests: poli ticians, diplomats, movie actors, hall-of-fame athletes, journalists, writers, rock stars and Nobel Pr ize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of power brokers.

乔希打了个冷战，他打开手里的纸条核对了一下地址。之前他没来过乔安妮餐厅，但对于它的鼎鼎大名却早有耳闻，倒不是因为这里的饭菜有多美味，其实这里的菜品屡遭恶评，也不是因为这里的爵士管弦乐队有一位知名电影导演客串吹小号，而是因为这里汇集了有头有脸的宾客，可以说是星光璀璨，他们中有政客、外交家、电影明星、载入名人堂的体育明星、记者、作家、摇滚明星、诺贝尔奖得主等等——总之，这里的每一位客人都是这座权力之城里的一个人物。

2 The Swedes and the Saudis in this true story have different concepts of the role of personal relationships in business. For the Swedes, business is done with a company; for the Saudis, with a person whom one has learned to know and trust. As long as one does not know another person wel l enough it is convenient to have present an intermediary or go-between, someone who knows and is trusted by both parties. At the root of the difference between these cultures is a fundamental issu e in human societies: the role of the individual versus the role of the group.

在这个真实的故事里，瑞典人和沙特人对人际关系在商业中的作用有着不同的理解。对瑞典人来说，他们是在和一个公司做生意；但对沙特人来说，他们是在和一个他们了解并且信任的人做生意。只要他们对某个人还不够了解，就会让一位双方都认识并信任的中间人或介绍人在场，这样做会比较方便。这两种文化的差异源于人类社会的一个根本问题：即个人角色与集体角色的问题。

这位年轻人是个侦探小说迷，在看了福尔摩斯探案故事之后，他自以为完全掌握了侦探技巧，于是就开始调查一起抢劫案。经过几个星期的周密调查，他倒是追查到了三名疑犯，只可惜案发时这三个人都身在国外。(know sth inside out; track down)

This young man liked reading detective stories. After finished reading Holmes’ stories, he tho ught he had known the detective’s skills inside out and started to investigate a case of robbery. Aft er a few weeks of close investigation, he tracked down three suspects, who turned out to be abroad when the robbery took place.

2 在本书中我们确实体会到了两种文化之间的差异。不过作者没有详细叙述这些差异，而是仔细讨论了两种文化的相同点，其中说得最多的是为什么这两种文化都如此强调工作的热忱。(dwell on; of which; loyalty)

In this book, we do find some differences between the two cultures. But instead of dwelling o n the differences, the author presents lengthy discussions on things they have in common, of whic h their loyalty to work are most thoroughly touched upon.

UNIT6

1 to make a fire stop burning

2 the total number of people who have been killed or hurt

3 an extremely difficult or frightening situation

4 a very sad event that causes people to suffer or die

5 as much as possible

6 impressive actions that prove someone is very brave

7 happening in a confused way and without any order or organization

For a firefighter arriving on the scene of a fire the first few minutes are usually the most

(1)________. He has to (2) ________ the fire, he also needs to find out if human lives are in danger. When people are trapped inside a building he must act swiftly to prevent (3) ________, or, —in the (4) ________ scenario—to keep the death (5) ________ to a minimum. Actions like these require the (6) ________ degree of (7) ________.

1. He's a very honest, fair and well-behaved sort of person.

2. I'd like to express my thanks for everything you've done for me.

3. There was a group of cows standing in the corner of the field.

4. There have been very big increases in food prices over the last few months.

5. All the people should leave the building immediately when the alarm sounds.

6. She has displayed all the qualities needed for being a leader in her job.

1 If you are raring to go, you are eager to ________.

(a) leave (b) start an activity

2. If you get your bearings, you ________.

(a) lose your way (b) find out where you are

3. If you are nowhere close to done, you ________.

(a) still have a lot more work to do to finish the job

(b) still feel strong and ready to work

4. If you haven't made a dent in something, you have ________.

(a) made good progress (b) hardly begun the job

5. A racket is ________.

(a) a loud and unpleasant noise (b) a low musical sound

6. 6 If something goes berserk, it is _________.

(a) quiet and well-behaved (b) out of control

7. Whatever the hell it was suggests that the writer ________.

(a) knew exactly what the noise was (b) didn't know what the noise was

8. If something is part of the shorthand, you can _______.

(a) easily understand it (b) not understand it

9. If you are fumbling for a fix, you are ________.

(a) trying to understand something (b) trying to stay where you are

1 someone who is chosen to represent a group of other people at a meeting

2 to believe that something is the cause of someone or something else

3 a newspaper or television reporter, especially one who deals with a particular subject or area

4 a very high level of skill or ability

5 to control someone or something, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence

6 used about a feeling or thought you do not realize you have

7 to watch something in order to check that it works in the way that it should

Eleanor Roosevelt showed her (1)________ for getting the support of other (2) ________in the UN Assembly. She was a great speaker who knew how to (3) ________important meetings without being seen to (4) ________ them. She was also a talented (5) ________ and she wrote a daily column for many years. Franklin D. Roosevelt's success as president was (6) ________ by many to her support and wonderful character. She became involved in politics because of her sense of right and wrong and a(n) (7) ________ need to help people.

1 He has been unable to use his legs since birth.

2. We need to call a meeting for world leaders about this issue.

3. The first thing I read in the newspaper is the regular section about the arts.

4. Our class visit to the United Nations was a wonderful experience.

5. It's important to try to influence politicians about the need to improve transport facilities in our area.

6. How many millions of people live in the very poor areas of Mumbai?

1 In a fishbowl atmosphere, you are ________ to see what everyone is doing.

(a) likely (b) unlikely

2. A mishap is a ________ experience.

(a) positive (b) negative

3. If you have a humane attitude, you are ________.

(a) kind and caring (b) cruel and uncaring

4. If you win over someone to your cause, you ________.

(a) defeat them (b) persuade them to join you

5. An affliction makes your life ________.

(a) easy (b) difficult

6. If you ride the storm, you ________.

(a) survive it (b) fall victim to it

7. A superlative performance is ________.

(a) very good (b) just good

8. If a politician has a throng of admirers, there are ________ who like them.

(a) many people (b) a few people

9. If you are on a par with someone, you are in ________.

(a) the same position (b) different positions

1. My grandfather died suddenly after a________ _______ . _______

2. There was a_______ _______ _______ in the sky for days after 9/11.

3. Eleanor Roosevelt wrote a_______ _______ for nearly 30 years.

4. The stress began to_______ _______ _______ _______ their marriage.

5. The final_______ _______ might be much higher than the police at first thought.

6. How many_______ _______ have been written about the heroes of the last century?

7. Do you have to_______ _______ _______ to drive on the motorway?

8. Your idea was brilliant—a_______ _______ _______ !

9. My hero is my English teacher. He_______ _______ _______ _______ helping us understand Shakespeare.

10. When she died she left a_______ _______ of money to charity.

1 I thought how we firemen were always saying to each other, ―I’ll see you at the big one.‖ Or,

―We’ll all meet at the big on e.‖ I never knew how it started, or when I’d picked up on it myself, but it was part of our shorthand. Meaning, no matter how big this fire is, there’ll be another one bigger, somewhere down the road. We’ll make it through this one, and we’ll make it throu gh that one, too. I always said it, at big fires, and I always heard it back, and here I was, thinking I would never say or hear these words again,

because there would never be another fire as big as this. This was the big one we had all talked about, all our lives, and if I hadn’t known this before – just before these chilling moments – this sick, black noise now confirmed it.

我想起我们消防员平常总互相打趣说：“在大火中见吧。”或者是“我们肯定会在大火中碰面的。”我不知道这种说法是怎么来的，或者我自己是从什么时候开始说起这种话来的，但这就是我们的暗语。意思是不管这场火有多大，以后在别处还会有比这更大的。我们能安然无恙地度过这场火，也会安然无恙地度过下一场火。遇到一场大火时，我总是这么说，也总听别人这么说，可现在，我呆在这儿，想着自己再也不会说这样的话了，也不会再听到别人这么说了，因为再也不会有比这更大的火了。这会是我们大家一辈子都在说的那场大火，如果以前——就在这一个个令人胆战心惊的瞬间之前——我没有认识到这一点的话，现在这浑厚的、不祥的响声印证了这一点。

2 Named as the first chairman of the UN Human Rights Commission, Roosevelt oversaw the

two-year process of drafting and securing passage of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Additionally, her clashes with representatives of the Soviet Union led one Republican to lean forward in his chair and

state –he wouldn’t allow his name to be used for fear of being labeled as a Democratic supporter –―Now, if you want to know what I think about Mrs Roosevelt, she is tuh-riffic! Mrs Roosevelt is unique in her capacity to create an understanding of our position in the minds of the delegates of other countries. Her performance is so superlative that it is rather unexpected to be asked to evaluate her in ordinary terms.‖

作为联合国人权委员会的首任主席，罗斯福监督了《世界人权宣言》历时两年的起草和通过的全过程。此外, 她和苏联代表的交锋让一位共和党人从椅子上朝前探过身来，说出了下面一番话——因为怕被当成是民主党的支持者，他不愿意透露自己的姓名——“如果你想知道我对罗斯福夫人的看法，那我会说她真是了不起! 罗斯福夫人有一种独特的能力，能让其他国家的代表清楚地了解我们的立场。要用平常的语言来评价她高超的外交手腕，一时间还真不知道该怎么说。”

1 人们很不理解为什么他一份工作干了30年，大多数人到了他这个年纪至少已经换了四五份工作了。也许对他来说，为了获得更高的薪水或是寻求体验新事物的刺激而换工作毫无意义。在他看来，唯一重要的事是稳定。(stick with; point; thrill)

People are quite puzzled about the fact that he has stuck with the same job for 30 years when most people of his age have changed at least four or five jobs. Maybe for him there is no point in changing jobs for a higher pay or for the thrill of experiencing something new. The only thing that matters, in his

point of view, is stability.

2 协会中的大多数会员认为应该竭力游说政府，确保这项计划获得批准。至关重要的是要把决策者中的一些反对者争取过来。虽然这会很难，但是他们下定决心要作最大的努力。(lobby; win over; adj. + though it + be; utmost)

Most members of the association believe that they need to lobby as hard as possible to make sure thatthe plan will be approved by the government. It’s essential to win over some of the naysayers among thepolicy makers. Tough though it will be, they have made up their mind to make utmost efforts.

UNIT 1

5.productive attendance resistance ambitious acceptance script impressive

6.attendance ambitious productive impressive resistance script acceptance

7.mortgage deck surf coastal;defy lengthy 8.b a b b b a b b

4.triple cemetery rear biography cram budding finite elapse

5.elapsed;cemetery rear;crammed triple budding;biography finite

6.a b a a b b a a

7.a b b a a b b b a

UNIT 2

5.definite perpetual whirl blaze giggle prompt tumble

6.prompted definite whirl perpetual blazing giggling tumbled

7.blinked barren tag torture resemblance napkin

8.a a b a a b a a a b b 4.d a b d c c

5.a a a b a a a

6.notion continual dependent on ethnic largely temptation outsiders reluctance external

7.a b a a b a b a

(1)fires blazed (2)hair tumbled (3)close-knit /tight-knit (4)knit brows/eyebrows (5)sun blazing (6)knit jumper/hat (7)prices tumble

UNIT3

4 (1)constitute (2)simultaneously (3)qualified (4)rhythm (5)derive (6)composer (7)sufficiently

5 (1)composer (2)constitute (3)simultaneously (4)qualified (5)sufficiently (6)rhythm (7)derived

6 (1)proclaim (2)analogy (3)clarity (4)for the sake of (5)potent (6)costumes

7 a b a a b a a a

4 b c a b a b a c b b 5(1)viewer (2)portrait (3)domestic (4)interior (5)consequently (6)engage (7)commission 6(1)portraits (2)commission (3)domestic (4)interiors (5)consequently (6)engage (7)viewer 7(1)converted (2)grind (3)distort (4)pierce (5)scandals (6)features (7)in the meantime 8 b a a b a b a a a

UNIT 4

4(1)junk (2)corporate (3)disapprove (4)visualize (5)bet (6)ascertain

(7)margin (8)confer (9)eminent (10)scowl 5(1)visualize (2)disapprove (3)junk (4)bet (5)confer (6)margins (7)ascertaining (8)corporate (9)eminent (10)scowling 6(1)inquisitive

(2)incomprehensible (3)jot (4)observant (5)whereabouts (6)dispirited (7)prohibitively 7 b a b b a b

3 b c b b b a 5(1)obsession (2)economics (3)boast (4)automobile (5)suburb (6)innovation

(7)implication (8)horizons 6(1)suburb automobile (2)obsession innovations (3)boast

(4)implication (5)economics horizons 7(1)unprecedented (2)plausible (3)ignorance (4)staggering

(5)stability (6)curse 8 a a b a b a a a a

UNIT 5

donation intense sophisticated progressive competent recruit intimidate encounter progressive intense donations recruits competent intimidated encounter sophisticated agreeable laughable corruption shivering doubtful shrugged impatient applause

a a

b a b a a b a loyalty enable competitor contract management investment contracts investment competitors loyalty management enable

core membership delivery threatened dwell on prevail over a a a b a b .

b c c b b . 1to which 2of which (3) with whom (4) by which (5) in which 6to whom

UNIT 6

extinguish toll nightmare tragedy utmost heroism chaotic

chaotic extinguish tragedy nightmare toll utmost heroism

decent gratitude herd massive evacuate leadership b b a b a b b b a

delegate ascribe correspondent genius dominate unconscious oversee

genius delegates oversee dominate correspondent ascribed unconscious

crippled summit column marvelous lobby slums a b a b b a a a a

1 massive heart attack

2 column of smoke

3 daily newspaper column (4)take a toll on (5)death toll (6) newspaper columns (7) pay a toll (8)stroke of genius 9 has a genius for (10) massive amount

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