美国文学
?Fill in the blanks.
?The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of _______.
?Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the _______ values，which dominated much of the early American writing.
?The American poets who emerged in the seventeenth century adapted the style of established European poets to the subject matter confronted in a strange, new
environment. _______ Bradstreet was such a poet.
?Many Puritans wrote verse, but the work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward _______, rose to the level of real poetry.
?Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece _______.
?The most outstanding poet in American of the 18th century was _______.
?Doctrines of Puritanism include ____,____.______, and limited atonement.
?“God help those who help themselves” is a citation from the work of____.
? A. Washington Irving B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Thomas Paine
D. Nathaniel Hawthorne
?The ____ was the famous ship that transported the English Pilgrims, from Southampton, England, to Plymouth, Massachusetts (which would become the capital of Plymouth Colony), in 1620.There were 102 passengers and a crew of 25-30.
?The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was____.
?Multiple Choice
?The first writings that we call American were the narratives and _______ of the early settlements.
A. journals
B. poetry
C. drama
D. folklores
?What style did the seventeenth century American poets adapt to the subject matter confronted in a strangely new environment?
A.The style of their own.
B.The style missed with English and American elements.
C.The style missed with native-American and British tradition.
D. The style of established European poets.
?The best of Puritan poets was _______, whose complete edition of poems appeared in 1960, more than two hundred years after his death.
A. Anne Bradstreet
B. Michael Wigglesworth
C. Thomas Hooker C. Edward Taylor
?The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the _______.
? A. revolutionism B. reason
? C. individualism D. rationalism
?Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “_______” who appeared in America.
? A. Ninth Muse B. Tenth Muse C. Best Muse D. First Muse
?In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment.
_______ was the dominant spirit.
? A. Humanism B. Rationalism C. Revolution D. Evolution
?The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of _______.
A. Thomas Hood
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. George Washington
?Which poem is not written by Philip Freneau?
A. The Dying Indian
B. The Wild Honey Suckle
C. The Indian Burying Ground
D. Contemplations
?Jonathan Edwards’ best and most representative sermon was ________.
? A. A True Sight of Sin B. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
? C. A Model of Christian Charity D. God’s Determinations
?The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the ________.
? A. Revolution B. Reason C. Individualism D. Rationalism
?——is the first writer to bring forth the idea of “noble savage” and his poems are the first to idealize Indians in American literature.
? A. James Cooper B. Philip Freneau C. Henry Thoreau D. Edward Taylor
?Who was considered as the “Poet of American Revolution”?
A. Michael Wigglesworth
B. Edward Taylor
C. Anne Bradstreet
D. Philip Freneau
true or false
?At the initial period the spread of ideas of the American Enlightenment was largely due to journalism.
?Franklin seemed to represent the age of reason and revolution in his paradoxical faith in both social order and in natural rights, in love of stability and devotion to revolutionary
change.
?American literature is the oldest of all national literature.
?Captain John Smith usually was regarded as the first American writer.
?The seventeen century American poets adapted the style of established European poets to the subject matter confronted in a strangely-new environment.
?Mayflower in American history is the name of a flower.
?The Puritans were originally a group of people who separated from the church of England in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I.
?The best of Puritan poets was Edward Taylor, whose complete edition of poems appeared in 1960, more than two hundred years after his death.
?Freneau was noteworthy first because of the nature of his poems. They were truly American and very patriotic. In this respect, he reflected the spirit of his age.
?Most American literature in the eighteenth century was political.
?During the 1770s no one in American could claim to be a professional novelist, poet, or playwright.
Questions
?What’s the influence of Puritanism on American literature?
?What are the characteristics of Benjamin Franklin’s literary work?
The Literature of Romantic Period
Fill in the blanks.
?In the early 19th century Rip Van Winkle had established _______’s reputation at home and abroad, and designated the beginning of American Romanticism.
?The American Transcendentalists formed a club called _______.
?In the early 19th century, Washington Irving wrote _______ which became the first work by an American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic.
?The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named _______.
?Irving also wrote two biographies, one is The Life of Oliver Goldsmith, and the other is _______.
?The central figure in the Leatherstocking Tales is _______, who goes by the various names of Leather Stocking, Deerslayer, Pathfinder and Hawkeye.
?Poe’s poem _______ is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in the English language.
?Emerson’s truest disciple, the man who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories, was Henry _______ Thoreau.
?In 1845, Thoreau began a two-year residence at _______Pond.
?Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _______.
?Melville’s novel _______ is a tremendous chronic le of the whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale.
?From Thoreau’s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay _______.
?In “I Hear America Singing” _______ depicts the beauty of labor and laborers.
?The American Romantic period stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outburst of the _______.
?In 1836, a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. It was entitled Nature by _______.
?The Civil War of 1861—1865 ended in the defeat of the Southerners and the abolition of _____.
?As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American Romanticism was both ____ and ____.
?New England Transcendentalism was the product of a combination of ___ and ___. ?Hawthorne was haunted in his life by his sense of ____.
?Even though he was influenced by European writers - and especially German folklore and legends - _____ created a uniquely American voice.
?As a philosophical and literary movement, _______ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.
A. modernism
B. rationalism
C. sentimentalism
D. transcendentalism ?Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _______ and Thoreau.
A. Jefferson
B. Emerson
C. Freneau
D. Oversoul
?Romantic Period in American Literature started from the publication of Irving’s ____ and ended with Whitman’s _____.
? A. The Sketch Book, Song of Myself B. Rip Van Winkle, Leaves of Grass
? C. The Sketch Book, Leaves of Grass D. Rip Van Winkle, Song of Myself
?What is the difference in the viewpoint of secular and religious political writers?
? A. There is no difference.
? B. Religious writers believed in the separation of church and state while secular writers believed Christian laws should be political laws.
? C. Secular writers believed in the separation of church and state while religious writers believed Christian laws should be political laws.
? D. None of the above.
An oral tradition is:____
? A. a series of stories written in a diary
? B. a series of stories passed down from generation to generation through oral storytelling
? C. a series of stories passed down from generation to generation through books
? D. None of the above.
?_____ is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main ?stream of life.
? A. “Rip Van Winkle” B. “The Pioneers”
? C. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” D. “The Fall of the House of Usher”
?From Thoreau’s jail experience, came his famous essay, _____ which states
?his belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a ?government.
? A. Walden B. Nature C. Civil Disobedience D. Common Sense
?What was the Great Awakening?
? A. A sermon by Jonathan Edwards B. A religious revival in the 1700s.
? C. A European movement of science and reason. D. A literary movement in USA. ?An aphorism is :
? A. Poor Richard’s Almanac B. An Autobiography
? C. A yearly publication. D. A witty statement about life.
?Which of these are included in an almanac?
? A. Calendar B. Farmer’s planting schedule
? C. Household tips and puzzles D. All of the above.
?What does Moby Dick ( the Whale ) symbolize?
? A. Evil. B. Goodness. C. God. D. Depends on the character.
?Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short stories had been published independently but were eventually published together in a collection called____.
? A. The Twice-told Tales B. Young Goodman Brown
? C. The Minister’s Black Veil D. The Scarlet Letter
?In the middle of 19th century, America witnessed a cultural flowering, which is called____.
? A. the Second Renaissance B. the English Renaissance
? C. the American Renaissance D. the Salem Renaissance
?About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following is not right:___
? A. It’s very hard to say that it is a love story of a story of sin.
? B. It’s a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.
? C. It’s mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the main characters and the people in general.
? D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel. ?Transcendentalists recognized _______ as the “highest power of the soul.”
? A. intuition B. logic C. Data of the senses D. thinking
? A new _______ had appeared in England in the last years of the eighteenth century. It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the nineteenth century. ? A. realism B. critical realism C. romanticism D. naturalism
?The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature, evident in _______.
A．James Fenimore Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales
B．Henry David Thoreau’s Walden
C．Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn
D.All of the above
?Herman Melville’s _______ is not only an adventure sto ry, but also a significant philosophical work on spiritual exploration.
? A. Moby Dick B. The Egg C. Nature D. “The Over-Soul”
?American Romanticism was a reaction against_____.
? A. imagination B. nature C. Rationalism D. individualism
?Which pseudonym did Irving use for The Sketch Book?
? A. Diedrich Knickerbocker B. Washington Irving C. Geoffrey Crayon D. Ben Franklin ?What area of the country influenced Irving’s imagery?
? A. Pennsylvania B. The West C. Virginia D. New York
?Irving is known as the father of American literature because:
? A. he taught Americans how to write; B. he wrote about his journey to America
? C. he was the first writer in America D. his writing helped shape the American identity. ?In the 19th century America, Romanticism had certain general characteristics. Choose such characteristics from the following items.
A.moral enthusiasm
B.faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception
C.adoration for the natural world
D.all of the above
?The following characteristics can be used to identify American Romantic literature:
? A. Imagination and Individuality B. Nature as a symbol of spirituality
? C. Seeing the common man as a hero and looking to the past for wisdom
? D. All of the above.
? A poem that tells a story is ___.
? A. lyric B. dramatic C. narrative D. Romantic
?In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, where does the unnamed narrator find inspiration for his story?
? A. in the attic of the Custom House where he works B. in an old book
? C. In the prison D. at the church
?Which of the following is NOT a symbol in The Scarlet Letter?
? A. the scarlet letter A B. the forest
? C. Pearl D. The scaffold E. all of the above
?_____ is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the Romantic period in the history of
American literature.
? A. Puritanism B. New England Transcendentalism C.Deism D.Unitarianism ?The greatest American poet and the first writer of free verse is ____________.
? A. Washington Irving B.Ezra Pound C. Walt Whitman D. Emily Dickinson
?Ralph Waldo Emerson’s first book _______ is the fundamental document of his philosophy, and expresses his constant, deeply felt love for love for the natural scenes.
? A. Walden B. Nature C. Daisy Miller D. Leaterstocking Tales
Which essay is not written by Emerson?
A. “Of Studie
B. “Self-Reliance”
C. “The American Scholar”
D. “The Divinity School Address”Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne _______ in American literature.
A.the largest brain with the largest heart
B.father of American poetry
C.the transcendentalist
D.the American scholar
Which is the character who appears in the novel Moby Dick?
A. Hester Prynne
B. Mr. Hooper
C. Ahab
D. Pearl
Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”
A. “The American Scholar”
B. “English Traits”
C. “The Conduct of Life”
D. “Representative Men
Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT______.
A. a strict poetic form
B. a simple and conversational language
C. a free and natural rhythmic pattern
D.an easy flow of feelings
?Most of the poems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-mass” and the ____ as well.
? A. nature B. self-reliance C. self D. life
?._______ is a poetic device used to increase the musical quality and link the lines and stanzas of a poem.
? A. Meter B. Repetition C. Rhyme D. foot
?Poetry is aimed at conveying and enriching human experience which is formed through sense impressions. ______ is the representation of sense experience through language.
? A .meter B. Image C. theme D. assonance
?The famous 20 years in Rip Van Winkle helps to construct the story in such a way that we are greatly affected by Irving’s _____.
A.concern with the passage of time
B.expression of transient beauty
C.satire on laziness and corruptibility of human beings
D.idea about supernatural manipulation of man’s life
true or false
?In the early nineteenth century, the attitude of American writers was shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantic tradition of
Europe.
?As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.
?Transcendentalists spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.
?Thoreau was an active Transcendentalist. He was by no means on “escapist” or a recluse, but was intensely involved in the life of his day.
?All his literary life, Hawthorne seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life.
?Although Hawthorne is ambiguous and his tales are often capable of more than one interpretation, he is certainly at his best when writing about evil.
?The Scarlet Letter is set in the seventeenth century. It is an elaboration of a fact which the author took out of the life of the Puritan past.
?Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of strongly symbo lic stories which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature.
?Although foreign influence was strong, American romanticism exhibited from the very outset distinct features of its own.
?Cooper’s claim to greatness in American literature lies in the fact th at he created a myth about the formative period of the American nation
?Cooper launched two kinks of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure tale, and the frontier saga.
?No other American poet ever surpassed Edgar Allan Poe’s ability in the use of Engl ish as a medium of pure musical and rhythmic beauty.
?Emerson was one of the most influential of American thinkers, yet he had no elaborate, formal system of thought.
?With a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or villainous, Cooper made the American conscious of his past, and made the European conscious of America.
?Washington Irving was the first great belletrist, writing always for pleasure, and to produce pleasure.
?Henry Wordsworth Longfellow is known as a fireside poet because his poem were read by the fire as a means of entertainment.
?Henry Longfellow’s narrative poem Paul Revere’s Ride is about the actual historical events, namely, the beginning of American Revolution.
?The early American romanticists gave emphasis to emotion and nature; some of them sang of liberty and national independence and wrote in defense of Negro slaves and
Indians.
?In the 19th century American literature, writers of Gothic terror novels sought to arouse in their readers a turbulent sense of the remote, the supernatural, and the terrifying by
describing castles and landscapes illuminated by moonlight and haunted by specters. The Literature of Realistic and Naturalist Period
?The most straightforward definition of realism is probably the one given by the American realist _______: that is, “nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of
material.”
?As one of America’s first and foremost realists and humorists, _______, the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, usually wrote about his own personal experiences and
things he knew about from firsthand experiences.
?Ernest Hemingway, whose own style is based on Twain’s, once said, “All modern
American literature comes from_______.”
?_______, the first American naturalist, was not much influenced by the scientific approach. He was a genius with amazing sympathy and imagination.
?In _______, Stephen Crane’s greatest novel, the accident of war makes a young man seem to be a hero. War changes men into animals. In the view of author, good and bad,
hero and coward, are merely matters of chance, of fate.
?_______ was a realist. He was an observer of the mind rather than a recorder of time.
His realism was a special kind of psychological realism.
?Henry James first achieved recognition as a writer of the “_______” novel—a story which brings together persons of various nationalities who represent certain characteristics.
?One of Clemens’s best books _______ is built around his experiences as a steamboat pilot.
?Crane’s novel _______ relates the story of a good woman’s downfall and d estruction in a slum environment.
?Mark Twain’s first novel, _______ was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the post-bellum period which it attempts to satirize.
?Dreiser’s novel _______, a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900, was reissued in 1907 and won high praise for its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American
society.
?Norris’s novel _______ has been called “the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel”
and “a consciously naturalistic manifesto”.
?While Mark Twain and William Dean Howells satirized European manners at times, _____was an admirer of ancient European civilization.
A. Theodore Dreiser
B. Jack London
C. Henry James
D. William James
?Step hen Crane’s novel, Maggie: A Girl of the Street, is the story of a girl _______.
A.who is brought up in a poor area of Chicago
B.who is loved by her family but betrayed by her friends
C.who experiences the violence and cruelty of the society almost every day
D.who is evil by nature
?The changing consciousness of the character is the real story. _______ gave this kind of literature a name. He called it “stream-of-consciousness”.
? A. Henry James B. James Joyce C. John Conrad D. William James
?Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Henry James’s writing style?
A.Exquisite and elaborate language
B.Minute detailed description
C.Lengthy psychological analysis
D.American colloquialism
Jack London was at his height of his powers when he wrote _______, which is deeply
influenced by Darwinism.
A. The Sea Wolf
B. To Build a Fire
C. The Call of the Wild
D. Martin Eton
The first of Frank Norris’ trilogy of on the production, distribution and consumption of
the wheat is _____
A. The Octopus
B. McTeague
C. The Pit
D. The Genius
About Naturalism, which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A.Naturalists chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society.
B.They portrayed misery and poverty of the “underdogs”, who were demonstrably victims
of society and nature.
C.One of the most familiar themes in American Naturalism is the theme of human
“bestiality,” especially an exploration of sexual desire.
D.American Naturalism is a reaction against Realism.
_______ in the 1860s was the first American writer of local color to achieve wide
popularity.
A. Mark Twain
B. William Dean Howells
C. Bret Harte
D. Harriet Beecher Stowe
With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, _______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the nineteenth century.
A. sentimentalism
B. romanticism
C. realism
D. naturalism
Mark Twain created, in _______, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one of the great books of world literature.
A.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
B.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
C.The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
D．The Gilded Age
?In the late nineteenth century, although Americans continued to read the works of Irving, Cooper, Hawthorne, and Poe, the great age of American romanticism had ended.
?Mark Twain’s later works unmistakably showed his change from an optimist and humorist to an almost despairing determinist.
?American naturalism, like realism, had come from Europe.
?Hurstwood is a character in Dreiser’s Sister Carrie.
?Ezra Pound defined an______ as that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time.
It is not surprising to find in _____ fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed” was the law.
A.James’s
B. Twain’s
C. Dreiser’s
D. Anderson’s
Chinese poetry and philosophy have exerted great influence over _____.
A.Ezra Pound
B.Ralph Waldo Emerson
C. Robert Frost
D. Emily Dickinson
The imagist poets followed three principles, they are _____ , direct treatment and economy of expression.
? A. blank verse B. rhythm C. free verse D. common speech
Among the following writers, who is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age?
? A. William Faulkner B. F. Scott Fitzgerald C. Henry James D. Eugene O’Neill
?Who was the first American author that won the Noble Prize in 1930?
? A. Toni Morrison B. Ernest Hemingway C. Sinclair Lewis D. John Steinbeck
?诗歌
?“Song of Myself”
? I CELEBRATE myself, and sing myself,
?And what I assume you shall assume,
?For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
?I loaf and invite my soul,
?I lean and loaf at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.
?O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
?My life closed twice before its close
?My life closed twice before its close;
It yet remains to see
If immortality unveil
A third event to me,
So huge, so hopeless to conceive,
As these that twice befell.
Parting is all we know of heaven,
And all we need of hell.
?I’m nobody! Who are you?
?Are you – Nobody - too?
?Then there’s a pair of us !
?Don’t tell! They’d advertise - you know.
?How dreary - to be - somebody!
?How public - like a frog -
?To tell one’s name - the livelong June-
To an admiring bog
?“The Wild Honey Suckle”
?From morning suns and evening dues,
?At first thy little being came,
?If nothing once, you nothing lose,
?For when you die, you are the same;
?The space between is, but an hour
?The frail duration of a flower
?Contemplations p 17
?Huswifery P 19
?The Wild Honey Suckle p 23
?Wild Nights---Wild Nights p99
?In a Station of the Metro p161
?Annabel Lee
?
?It was many and many a year ago,
?In a kingdom by the sea,
?That a maiden there lived whom you may know
?By the name of ANNABEL LEE;
?And this maiden she lived with no other thought
?Than to love and be loved by me
From Nature
?The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression, when the mind is open
to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance. Neither does the wisest man extort her secret, and lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never
became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals, the mountains, reflected the
wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood. From Walden
?I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die,
discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite nece ssary…
?What’s the influence of Puritanism on American literature?
?What are the features of American Romanticism?
?What are the features of New England Transcendentalism?
?What are the features of American Realism?
?What are the features of Naturalism?
?What are the features of Imagism?
?Try to analyze the central character in The Leatherstocking Tales.
?Try to analyze the themes of The Scarlet Letter.
?Try to analyze the features of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
?Try to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson both thematically and technically.
?Try to compare the differences between the three realistic giants, Williams Howells , Henry James and Mark Twain.
美国文学练习题
5. Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of ________ which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. A. romantic stories B. symbolic stories C. gothic stories D. humorous stories 7. Romanticism appeared as a literary trend against _____. A. rationality B. imagination C. intuition D. individualism 12. _____ held a “black”vision of life and human beings. A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B. Nathaniel Hawthorne C. Edgar Allan Poe D. James Fenimore Cooper 16. Born of one common cultural heritage, the American Romanticists shared some common features..._______, with the English Romanticists. A. an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions B. an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters C. an increasing emphasis on the desire to return to nature D. both A and B 17. _______ was the first great American writer to earn international fame. A. Irving B. Cooper C. Emerson D. Whitman 21. Pearl is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _________ . A. Moses from an Old Manse B. Twice-Told Tales C. The Scarlet Letter D. The Blithedale Romance 7. Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, ang Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in __________. A.The Scarlet Letter B. The House of the Seven Gables C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The Pioneers 24. Being a period of the flowering of American literature, the Romantic period is also called “_____”. A. the American Renaissance B. the English Renaissance C. the Harlem Renaissance D. the Second Renaissance 5. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter “A”which originally stood for “_______” f inally obtained the meaning of “able”or “angel”through Hester’s efforts. A. adultery B. arrogance C. accomplishment D. agony 13. F. Scott Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ____________.
美国文学选读名词解释
1.Puritanism（清教主义）: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. 1.) simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. 2.)In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,eapecially hostility to social pleasure and religion . 3.)with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature .to some extentit is a state of mind , a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 4.）Actually it is a code of values , a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds , also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 5）Major topic:American Puritanism Introduction There were no written literature among the more than 500 different Indian languages and tribal cultures，American writing began with the work of English adventurers and colonists in the New World chiefly for the benefit of readers in the mother country. Therefore the writing in this period was essentially two kinds: （1）practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people “at home” what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration; (2) highly theoretical, generally polemical(好辩的）, discussions of religious questions. 2.The American Romanticism(浪漫主义) I. What is Romanticism a literary movement flourished as a cultural force the early period and the late period.
美国文学复习题(有答案版)
美国文学复习题(有答案版)
美国文学复习提纲 第一部分连线题（1*10=10’） 1. Thomas Jefferson The Declaration of Independence 2. Walt Whitman O’ Captain, My Captain 3. Mark Twain Jumping Frog 4. Robert Frost Mending Wall 5. Ezra Pound In a Station of the Metro 6. Carl Sandburg Chicago 7. Saul Bellow The Adventure of Augie March 8. Ernest Hemingway Men without Women 9. John Steinbeck The Grape of Wrath 10. Jack London The Call of the Wild 11. Sinclair Lewis Babbit 12. Flannery O’ Connor A Good Man Is Hard to Find 13. O. Henry The Last Leaf 14. Jerome David Salinger The Catcher in the Rye 15. William Falkner The Sound and the Fury 第二部分单项选择(1.5*20=30’) 1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “________” who appeared in America. A. Tenth Muse B. Ninth Muse C. Best Muse D. First Muse 2. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment. ________ was the dominant spirit. A. Humanism B. Rationalism C. Revolution D. Evolution 3. Which of the following stirred the world and helped form the American republic? A. The American Crisis B. The Federalist C. Declaration of Independence D. The Age of Reason 4. At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ________. A. Chartist Movement B. Romanticist Movement C. Enlightenment Movement D. Modernist Movement 5. Thoreau was often alone in the woods or by the pond, lost in spiritual communication with ________. A. nature B. transcendentalist ideas C. human beings D. celestial beings 6. ________tells a simple but very moving story in which four people living in a puritan community are involved in and affected by the sin of adultery in different ways. A. Twice-Told Tales B. The Scarlet Letter C. The House of the Seven Gables D. The Marble Faun
(完整word版)美国文学选择题及答案
美国文学选择题及答案 1. William Faulkner is the author of ______. a. Far From the Madding Crowd b. Sound and Fury c. For Whom the Bell Tolls d. Scarlet Letter 2. Robert Frost is a famous_______. a. novelist b. playwright c. poet d. literary critic 3. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ________. a. Jack London b. Charles Dickens c. Samuel Coleridge d. Earnest Hemingway 4. _______refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality. a. Allegory b. Conflict c. Irony d. Flashback 5. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is______. a. Nature b. Walden c. Experience d. Essays 6. Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made a combination of _____and serious literature. a. American folk humor b. funny jokes c. English folklore d. American values 7. Who was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation after the Revolutionary War? a. Fennimore Cooper. b. Nathaniel Hawthorn. c. Walt Whitman. d. Washington Irving. 8. I Have a Dream is addressed by _____. a. Abraham Lincoln b. John F. Kennedy c. Martin Luther King d. Ralph Waldo Emerson 9. Which of the following is NOT a poem by Emily Dickinson? a. This is my letter to the world b. I heard a Fly buzz—when I died c. This is just to say d. Because I could not stop for death 10. Eugene O’Neil is an American ______. a. novelist b. playwright c. poet d. essayist 11. The period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as the _______in the literary history of the United States. a. Age of Realism b. Age of Classicalism c. Age of Romanticism d. Age of Renaissance 12. With “Collected Poems”, ______won the second Pulitzer Prize. a. Ezra Pond b. e. e. cummings c. Robert Frost d. William Cullen Bryant 13. Grass is a poem written by _______.
美国文学试题(2)
美国文学（本科）试题5 I. Complete each of the following statements with proper words or phrases and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%, 1 point for each) 1. The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in . 2. became the first American writer. 3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the values that dominated much of the early American writing. 4. In American literature, the 18th century was an age of and Revolution. 5. Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece . 6. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet appeared. 7. The signing of symbolized the birth of an independent American nation. 8. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was . 9. Washington Irving’s became the first work by an American writer to win international fame. 10. is the summit of American Romanticism. 11. With the publication of Emerson’s in 1836,American Romanticism reached its summit. 12. Hester Prynne is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel . 13.Henry James’ major fictional theme is . 14. brought the Romantic period to an end. So the age of Realism came into existence. 15. The Poetic style invented by Whitman is now called . 16. “Because I could not stop for Death---” is written by . 17. The term The Gilded Age is given by to describe the post-civil war years. 18. Theodore Dreiser’s first novel is . 19. The leader of the literary movement Imagism is . 20. is the spokesman for Lost Generation. II. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternative answers or completions. Choose the one that is the best in each case and put your answers on the Answer Sheet. (30%, 1 point for each) 1. The first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity was . A. Bret Harte B. Mark Twain C. Henry James D. William Dean Howells 2. Which of the following is the masterpiece of Mark Twain? A. The Gilded Age B. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer C. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn D. Jumping Frog 3. Which writer has no naturalist tendency? A. Mark Twain B. Jack London C. Theodore Dreiser D. Frank Norris 4. Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in and Thoreau. A. Jefferson B. Emerson C. Freneau D. Oversoul 5. Which of the following doesn’t belong to Dreiser’s “Trilogy of Desire”? A. The Financier B. The Titan C. The Stoic D. An American Tragedy
美国文学复习大纲
美国文学部分(American Literature) 一．殖民时期文学（The Literature of the Colonial Period） 1．本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1) 早期殖民地时期的文学的特点 2) 十八世纪美国文学的特点（重点是独立革命前后时期文学） 3) 主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品 4) 术语：the colonial period, American Puritanism, Puritans, Enlightenment in American, the Great A wakening 2．主要作家作品 John Smith第一个美国作家 A True Relation of Virginia and General History of Virginia. Anne Bradstreet 殖民地时期女诗人 The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650) Jonathan Edwards十八世纪上半叶大觉醒时代的代表人物 “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草《独立宣言》。十八世纪美国启蒙思想代言人。 《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac（收录格言警句） 《致富之道》The Way to Wealth 《自传》The Autobiography （富兰克林原意为写给儿子的家书） Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。 《常识》Common Sense ( Paine 最知名的政论文：It was inspired by the first battle of the Revolutionary War—the Battle of Lexington in Concord.) 《美国危机》American Crisis 《人的权利》Rights of Man 《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism 《理性时代》The Age of Reason Philip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的“革命诗人”。 《蒸蒸日上的美洲》“The Rising Glo ry of America” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”（诗人自己被俘，关押于英国囚船的经历）
美国文学试题
Exercises One I.Write the names of the authors.(10%) ( ) 1. The Fall of the House of the Usher ( ) 2. The House of the Seven Gables ( ) 3. Song of Myself ( ) 4. I Died for Beauty-but Was Scarce ( ) 5. The Prince and the Pauper () 6. The Catcher in the Rye ( ) 7. Catch-22 ( ) 8. The Naked and the Dead ( ) 9. The Victim ( ) 10. On the Road ( ) 11. Twice Told Tales ( ) 12. The Voice of the City ( ) 13. Life on the Mississippi ( ) 14. Annabel Lee ( ) 15. The Turn of the Screw ( ) 16. The Mysterious Stranger ( ) 17. them ( ) 18. Portnoy's Complaint ( ) 19. Howl ( ) 20. Life Studies II. Write the names of the novels or poems according to the give n passage. (10%) ( ) 1. There was the great city, bound more closely by ?th ese ?very ?trains which came up daily. Colu mbia City was not so very far away, even once she was in Chicago. ( ) 2. The carriage held but just Ourselves And Immortality ( ) 3. " I will go home with you," said Mr. Dimmes
体育与力量美
体育与力量美 体育运动的目的在于,一方面强身健体,一方面以运动美的形式向人们展示绚丽代写论文多姿的艺术世界,给人以美的陶醉和享受。几乎任何一项体育项目都能展现人体的力量、速度、灵巧、耐力和青春活力,展现人类的形态美与心灵美。因此,体育运动与美是水乳交融、不可分离的。研究体育运动的美学价值,对于推动现代体育发展,提高体育运动的审美水平,有着十分重要的意义。一、体育美与艺术美体育美和艺术美没有本质的差异,只是它们在美的创造方法和表现形式上,以及人在审美关系中所处的地位有很大差异。艺术美是生活美的集中体现,它充分、强烈、典型地反映出生活的美丑。艺术美的创造不仅是在生活美的基础上概括、加工、取舍提炼而成,而且溶进作者的审美意识和审美评价,塑造一些非现实性的艺术形象,而体育美却不同。体育美的创造虽然也要遵循美的规律,其中也包含了教师(教练员)对自己的行为客体的一种审美态度,但它和艺术创作的不同之处在于其并不全是现实形象的反映,它的主要本质在于解决美的有机构成,也就是说它必须直接接受竞技性的要求,并且现实性地尊重人体科学规律,探寻如何花费最少的体力,使人的天赋体力、技能和运动速度发展到最高境界。体育美不仅有抽象概括,重要的是要有具体的可感形式,任何虚伪和过分夸张都构不成体育美。人在艺术作品中和体育运动中所处的地位也是不同的,人在艺术作品中是被塑造、被表现的对象,而体育运动中人是表现的主体。前者作为间接美出现在审美关系中,成为审美对象,后者作为直接的形象进入审美关系中,成为审美对象。在体育运动中,人既是主体又是对象,既是目的也是手段,既是表现的内容又是表现的形式。文学艺术美需要一种无生命的物质(文字、声音、色彩)作为艺术美的媒介,而体育美的媒介就是运动着的人体。文学艺术美侧重于人们的审美想像,体育美则更侧重于人们的审美感知。文学艺术美通过艺术媒介固定下来,具有相对的稳定性和静止性;而体育美则表现在人体运动的全过程中有着强烈而鲜明的个性感,是一种流动的美和动态的美。体育审美和艺术审美不同,体育运动的美感建立在一种双重的基础上。首先与以运动者运动时的积极性和创造性有关;其次是产生于经历情感体验与竞赛过程中非常实际的感受,这是体育审美与艺术审美的显著区别之处。体育观众是直接参与体育美的创造与传播的。观赏者既是感受的主体,又是参与的客体。当然,并不是所有的观众都能获得体育运动的美感。这是因为观赏者必须具备体育审美的意识和能力,即主体的意识能够通过感知和客体发生交流,以引起心理的振奋和激励;同时观赏者必须具备一定的运动能力,即对观赏的运动项目的特点、结构、力量和幅度都有一定的体验,这样才能对审美客体作出一种稳定不变的情感反应。由于各个运动项目的规律、特点、力度不同,因而它给人的审美感觉是不同的。在体育运动中,人们不仅能欣赏到各种运动美,同时,体育服装、体育建筑、体育场地、体育器械和运动会的开幕式、闭幕式等均能满足审美的需要。体育运动的直接目的是功利的,尤其是竞技体育,它往往以比赛胜负为目的,是与团体、民族和国家利益联系在一起的。体育竞争是运动员用身心体能这一特殊的物质和心理手段去战胜对手的。人类本身的自然属性和社会属性必然要在运动中,在观众面前展现出来。人在运动中要拥有最大的空间,达到最高速度,显示最大力量,这是对人体极限的冲击,也是人的自我超越。人体始终按照平衡———不平衡———平衡这样的法则运动着,从而达到一种和谐的境界。体育运动满足了人们的审美需要,体育审美水平的提高又进一步促进了体育运动的发展。二、体育运动的美学价值体育运动是人们有计划地向着一定的目标前进的创造过程。
美国文学题库(选择题网上合集)范文
1. For Melville, as well as for the reader and _________, the narrator, Moby Dick is still a mystery, an ultimate mystery of the universe. A. Ahab B. Ishmael C. Stubb D. Starbuck 2. Naturalism is evolved from re alism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more_____________. A. rational B. humorous C. optimistic D. pessimistic 3. Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire includes th ree novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and_____ . A. The Genius B. The Tycoon C. The Stoic D. The Giant 4. The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the nineteenth-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American___________ . A. local colorism B. vernacularism C. modernism D. naturalism 5. Robert Frost combined traditional verse forms -the sonnet, rhyming couplets, blank verse -with a clear American local speech rhythm, the speech of _______farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax. A. Southern B. Western C. New Hampshire D. New England 6. As an autobiographical play, O’Neill’s ___________(1956) has gained its status as a world classic and simultaneously marks the climax of his literary career and the coming of age of American drama. A. The Iceman Cometh B. Long Day’s Journey Into Night C. The Hairy Ape D. Desire Under the Elms 7. Apart from the dislocation of time and the modern stream-of-consciousness, the other narrative techniques Faulkner used to construct his stories include_________, symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions. A. impressionism B. expressionism C. multiple points of view D. first person point of view 8. Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by____________. A. short, clear sentences B. abundance of local images C. ordinary American speech D. highly refined language 9. One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain a major literary figure in the 19th century America is his use of____________ . A. vernacular B. interior monologue C. point of view D. photographic description 10. It is on his____________ that Washington Irving’s fame mainly rested. A. childhood recollections B. sketches about his European tours C. early poetry D. tales about America 11. At the middle of 19th century, America witnessed a cultural flowering which is called “____________________”.
美国文学选择题
. ... .. . 美国文学 I.The Colonial Period（Puritanism） Multiple Choice 1.The Puritan dominating values were ____________. A. hard work B. thrift C. piety D. sobriety 2. Which statement about Cotton Mather is not true? A. He was a great Puritan historian. B. He was an inexhaustible writer. C. He was a skillful preacher and an eminent theologian. D. He was a graduate of Oxford College. 3. Jonathan Edwards' best and most representative sermon was_________. A. A True Sight of Sin B. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God C. A Model of Christian Charity D. God's Determinations 4. The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the ___________. A. Revolutionism B. Reason C. Individualism D. rationalism 5. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “__________”who appeared in America. A. Ninth Muse B. Tenth Muse C. Best Muse D. First Muse II. Period around The War of Independence (Enlightenment) 1. In American literature, the eighteen century was the age of the Enlightenment. ____________was the dominant spirit. A. Humanism B. Rationalism C. Revolution D. Evolution 2.Which of the following stirred the world and helped form the American republic? A. The American Crisis. B. The Federalist
美国文学史作家作品一览表2
美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America 1、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利；Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 2、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地 3、Jonathan Edwards乔纳森爱德华 The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended The Nature of True Virtue 4、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money；Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism 1、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 2、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍；The Pilot领航者；The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿；Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集；The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人；The Prairie大草原；The Pathfinder探路者；The Deerslayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism 1、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集；Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书；The American Scholar论美国学者；Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵；Self-reliance论自立；The Transcendentalist超验主义者；Representative Men代表人物；English Traits英国人的特征；School Address神学院演说；Concord Hymn康考德颂；The Rhodo杜鹃花；The Humble Bee野蜂；Days日子-首开自由诗之先河
美国文学史作品作家汇总 全
美国文学史作品作家汇总 美国文学 Part 1. Colonial America Thomas Paine托马斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代 Philip Freneau菲利普?弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地 .Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will 论意志自由The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended论原罪The Nature of True Virtue论真是德行的本原 Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money; Poor Richard’s Almanac穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传 Part 2. American Romanticism Washington Irving华盛顿?欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Brace bridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travelers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉 Jamie Fennimore Cooper詹姆斯?费尼莫尔?库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Little page Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leather stocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deer slayer杀鹿者 Part 3.New England Transcendentalism Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar 论美国学者;Divinity; The Over soul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说 Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhoda杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日