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A task-swap negotiation protocol based on the contract net paradigm

A task-swap negotiation protocol based on the contract net paradigm
A task-swap negotiation protocol based on the contract net paradigm

Internatinal business negotiation

Negotiation: the bargaining process in which two or more players confer with each other to resolve conflicts,coordinate relations ,meet each other 's needs and maintain self-interests. Business negotiation: a process of conferring in which the participants of business activities communicate,discuss and adjust their views,resolve conflicts,and finally reach an acceptable satisfying agreement in order to close a deal or achieve a proposed financial goal. International business negotiation: the discussion process between different interest groups from different countries or regions to compete a cross-border transaction. 3.Horizontal negotiation: the conferring process in which all the issues concerned are presented first and the discussed one by one,and an issue which can not be settled at once may be skipped and settled later until all the issues are settled properly. 4.vertical negotiation: the conferring process in which all the issues to be discussed are listed according to their logical relations and then settled one by one in this logical order. 5.A simulated negotiation:

17动物组织蛋白提取

1.组织块迅速置于预冷的生理盐水中,洗去表面的血迹,将组织称量后切成较小的组织块(0.2-1.0g),放入组织匀浆器中,按组织100mg:提取试剂体积1ml的比例加入相应体积的蛋白提取试剂(需提前加入酶抑制剂)进行匀浆,至组织研磨完全。 2.超声处理(同细胞蛋白样品的制备),处理完后置冰上裂解4-5小时。 3.10000 g/min离心10min,取中层溶液,加入等体积的蛋白上样缓冲液(2X),或1/4体积蛋白上样缓冲液(5x)(AR1112),置100℃水浴箱沸水浴中变性5分钟。 1、动物肝脏直接放入研钵中,加入少量液氮,迅速研磨,待组织变软,再加少量液氮,再研磨,如此三次。 2、称量约40mg研磨组织,加入200 ul预冷的组织蛋白抽提试剂,冰上孵育20分钟。 3、10,000×g 离心15分钟。 4、收集上清,进行下一步的实验。 手工匀浆:将剪碎的组织倒入玻璃匀浆管中,再将剩余的1/3匀浆介质或生理盐水冲洗残留在烧杯中的碎组织块,一起倒入匀浆管中进行匀浆,左手持匀浆管将下端插入盛有冰水混合物的器皿中,右手将捣杆垂直插入套管中,上下转动研磨数十次(6~8分钟),充分研碎,使组织匀浆化。 机器匀浆:用组织捣碎机10000~15000r/min上下研磨制成10%组织匀浆,也可用内切式组织匀浆机制备(匀浆时间10秒/次,间隙30秒,连续3~5次,在冰水中进行),皮肤、肌肉组织等可延长匀浆时间。 超声粉碎:用超声粉碎机进行粉碎,可用Soniprep150型超声波发生器以振幅14微米超声处理30秒使细胞破碎,也可用国产超声波发生仪,用40安培,5秒/次,间隙10秒反复3~5次。 反复冻融:培养或者分离的细胞可以用以上的方法匀浆,也可以反复冻溶3次左右(即让细胞加适量的低渗液或者双蒸水放低温冰箱中结冰,溶解,再结冰,再溶解,反复3次左右),但有部分酶活力会受影响。 ①吸取培养基,预冷PBS清洗细胞三次,细胞刮刮脱细胞,收集至离心管,1000rpm离心5分钟。洗涤后的细胞转移至洁净EP管,②冰上操作,配制细胞裂解液,1ml Lysis,Buffer 中加入10 μl磷酸酶抑制剂、1 μl蛋白酶抑制剂、5μl 100mM的PMSF。混匀后冰上保存数分钟待用。③在洗涤好的细胞中按照每107个细胞加入1ml细胞裂解液的比例,加入细胞裂解液。200μl移液器反复吹打,至蛋白析出。④4℃摇床,温和振摇15分钟。⑤14000rpm,4℃离心15分钟,上清即为细胞全蛋白提取物。⑥BCA法测蛋白浓度。蛋白分装后保存于-70℃冰箱,避免反复冻融。提取细胞全蛋白整个过程中所有使用的物品及试剂均需预冷,防止蛋白降解。 细胞提取步骤 1. 冰上操作,向细胞沉淀中加入200ul细胞裂解液,2μl 100mM的PMSF。 2. 200μl移液器反复吹打,至溶液变得粘稠。 3. 4℃摇床,温和振摇30min。 4. 15000rpm,4℃离心15min,上清即为细胞全蛋白提取物 5. 蛋白分装后保存于-70℃冰箱,避免反复冻融。

关于英语秘书求职信

关于英语秘书求职信 第一段:表明写作目的/求职目的,获取信息的来源 I am writing to response to your advertisement in China Daily of Oct 30th for a secretary. I should be grateful if you consider me favorably as a candidate for the position. I am writing this letter to apply for the position of secretary which you have advertised in China Daily of Oct. 30th. Your advertised position of secretary interests me and I would like to apply for a chance to take a personal interview. I am interested in working with you. I wonder if there is any open vacancy for me. I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position as a secretary. I am writing to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the open position advertised in China Daily of Oct 30th. 第二部分告诉对方与这份工作相关的教育背景,工作经历,甚至是以此有关的个人兴趣爱好等。为了字面的整洁和排版的清晰,通常分2-4段。

蛋白质的纯化方法

蛋白质纯化的方法 蛋白质的分离纯化方法很多,主要有: (一)根据蛋白质溶解度不同的分离方法 1、蛋白质的盐析 中性盐对蛋白质的溶解度有显著影响,一般在低盐浓度下随着盐浓度升高,蛋白质的溶解度增加,此称盐溶;当盐浓度继续升高时,蛋白质的溶解度不同程度下降并先后析出,这种现象称盐析,将大量盐加到蛋白质溶液中,高浓度的盐离子(如硫酸铵的SO4和NH4)有很强的水化力,可夺取蛋白质分子的水化层,使之“失水”,于是蛋白质胶粒凝结并沉淀析出。盐析时若溶液pH在蛋白质等电点则效果更好。由于各种蛋白质分子颗粒大小、亲水程度不同,故盐析所需的盐浓度也不一样,因此调节混合蛋白质溶液中的中性盐浓度可使各种蛋白质分段沉淀。 影响盐析的因素有:(1)温度:除对温度敏感的蛋白质在低温(4度)操作外,一般可在室温中进行。一般温度低蛋白质溶介度降低。但有的蛋白质(如血红蛋白、肌红蛋白、清蛋白)在较高的温度(25度)比0度时溶解度低,更容易盐析。(2)pH值:大多数蛋白质在等电点时在浓盐溶液中的溶介度最低。(3)蛋白质浓度:蛋白质浓度高时,欲分离的蛋白质常常夹杂着其他蛋白质地一起沉淀出来(共沉现象)。因此在盐析前血清要加等量生理盐水稀释,使蛋白质含量在2.5-3.0%。 蛋白质盐析常用的中性盐,主要有硫酸铵、硫酸镁、硫酸钠、氯化钠、磷酸钠等。其中应用最多的硫酸铵,它的优点是温度系数小而溶解度大(25度时饱和溶液为4.1M,即767克/升;0度时饱和溶解度为3.9M,即676克/升),在这一溶解度范围内,许多蛋白质和酶都可以盐析出来;另外硫酸铵分段盐析效果也比其他盐好,不易引起蛋白质变性。硫酸铵溶液的pH常在4.5-5.5之间,当用其他pH值进行盐析时,需用硫酸或氨水调节。 蛋白质在用盐析沉淀分离后,需要将蛋白质中的盐除去,常用的办法是透析,即把蛋白质溶液装入秀析袋内(常用的是玻璃纸),用缓冲液进行透析,并不断的更换缓冲液,因透析所需时间较长,所以最好在低温中进行。此外也可用葡萄糖凝胶G-25或G-50过柱的办法除盐,所用的时间就比较短。

negotiation skills 谈判技巧

Negotiation Skills 1. Never negotiate if it’s not necessary Bargaining is not negotiating, nor complaining. Sometimes customers just want to express their feelings to us, we shouldn’t treat them as the beginning of negotiation. Try to solve the problem, but needn’t to negotiate. New salesmen tend to negotiate everything with the customers, but neglect some of them is not necessary. 2. Never negotiate with yourself Before negotiation, we should set up clear objectives in our minds. The target could be divided into several levels, but we shouldn’t hesitate or change them during the negotiation. If we find something wrong, then stop the negotiation or seek for a new round in future. “No deal” can mean a very good negotiation. If we need to go away from the table, just do it. 3. Never accept the first offer , and 4. Always ask for more People are used to keep some space to turn around. Both purchasers and sales will make some compromise during negotiation. The first offer usually gives a limit oranticipation for both sides to start with. For our sales, it is very important to provide the first offer higher than what we want. 5. Try not to be the one with the opening position

文秘英语情景对话

文秘英语情景对话 Scene one:Office reception Character:Mary(ABC company’s secretary) Cherry( XYZ company’s Deputy General Manager ) Place:Secretary's Office ,ABC company C:Hi,I 'm Cherry Stark, from China XYZ Company. We have an appointment with Mr. Thomas. M:Welcome to ABC Company. We have been expecting you, please have a seat. I will call him. C: Thank you. M: I 'm sorry . Mr. Thomas is making a long distance call. Please wait for a few minutes. C: OK. I would like to wait here. M:In the meantime, may I ask all of you to sign in so that I can issue your passes? C:Should each of us write separately? M: Yes, please. Please print your name and company name, and the person you are going to see. Mr. Thomas will be here very soon. Would you like some coffee or tea? C: Coffee would be fine. M: How would you like your coffee? C: I like it black.

蛋白的纯化

第二部分:蛋白的纯化 如何区分蛋白表达在上清还是包涵体? 破碎细胞后离心分别收集上清和沉淀,表达的蛋白可能分布在上清中也有可能分布在沉淀中,还有可能是二者中都有分布。 根据我们实验室的经验,超声碎菌之后,如果菌液比较清亮,沉淀比较少,那表达的蛋白基本上是可溶的。但如果超声完之后,菌液是浑浊的,而且当离心之后,离下的沉淀比较多,而且沉淀的颜色也比较白,那基本上就是包涵体了。包涵体是基因重组蛋白在大肠杆菌中高水平表达时所形成的无活性的蛋白质聚集体,难溶于氺,可溶于变性剂如尿素,盐酸胍等,其实,包涵体也就是我们常说的不可溶蛋白。对于后者,可将上清和沉淀分别跑一个PAGE,看看上清中的量能达到多少,对于某些蛋白来说,一部分是以包涵体形式表达,一部分是以可溶的形式表达,而且量也不少,可以满足后续实验的需要,这个时候最好是纯可溶的,因为包涵体即使最后复性,活性也不太可信。 对于沉淀跑SDS-PAGE,如何处理,用什么使其溶解,还有在大肠杆菌中表达的蛋白,在提取过程中,使用什么蛋白提取缓冲液。 沉淀用Buffer B重悬,(组成:8M尿素+10mMTRIS base+100mM NaH2PO4,用NaOH调节pH到8.0),1克沉淀(湿重)加5ml Buffer B,使其充分溶解(可以放在微量震荡器上震荡20min),然后室温下12000转离心20min,留上清,弃沉淀。 取10ul上清加入10ul 2xSDS上样缓冲液,就可以跑PAGE了。 无论是纯可溶蛋白还是包涵体,在菌体裂解这一步我用的都是Lysis Buffer(组成:10mM 咪唑+300mM NaCl+50mM NaH2PO4,用NaOH调节pH到8.0)每克菌体(湿重)加2-5ml Lysis Buffer,充分悬起后,加入溶菌酶4度作用半小时就可以超声破碎了。 包涵体,简单的说就是翻译的蛋白没有正确折叠而聚集在一起形成的,主要的是疏水作用。实际上就是很多个蛋白分子,这些蛋白并不是交联在一起的,用高浓度的尿素和盐酸胍可以使他们变性,解聚。 电泳检测的话,可以用SDS-PAGE检测,在上样之前,需要用上样缓冲液处理样品,处理后,包涵体也就解聚了,每个蛋白分子与SDS结合,形成了可溶物。 包涵体是不容易破碎的,超声可以破碎菌体释放里面的包涵体,但是不能破碎包涵体;但如果用水煮的话,包涵体会变性,会有一部分可溶于水,所以你跑的上清中有可能有包涵体存在,也有可能没有包涵体; 建议: 还是先将菌体超声破碎,然后离心,取沉淀和上清再跑一次电泳,如果沉淀上清中都有你要的蛋白,说明表达的结果是部分可溶;如果仅上清有就是可溶性表达;如果仅沉淀中有,就是完全包涵体了。不过,一般情况下,应该是第一者的可能性大。

各种动物蛋白原料的加工方法

各种动物蛋白原料的加工方法 1、鱼粉的加工海杂鱼、淡水鱼及海产品加工下脚料等,均可作为鱼粉加工的原料,先将原料通过晒干、烘干或水煮后晒干等程序,然后加工成粉状即成,水煮法经高温处理,质量一般较好。 2、肉骨粉的加工主要原料是肉食品加工下脚料,以及不合乎卫生要求的动物屠体组织,将原料加水蒸煮,一般脏器煮1小时,头、蹄组织煮2-3小时。煮后去掉汤表面的油脂,经烘干粉碎即成。加工较好肉骨粉呈淡红色,水分不超过6%,粗蛋白质含量达40%以上。 3、血粉的加工主要以屠宰动物血液为原料,将血液放入锅内加热,直到血液凝固和水分蒸发后,晾在水泥地板上直至干燥,然后加工成粉状即成,值得注意的是:血液加热时要不断搅拌,加入0.5%-1.5%的生石灰,煮后将血块装入麻袋内挤压沥水,使水分沥掉50%以上,再晾晒,并每隔1-2小时翻动1次,直至晒干为止。加工血粉蛋白质含量可达70%-80%,水分不超过10%,土法加工的血粉应立即饲喂。 4、羽毛粉的加工原料为禽类羽毛。将羽毛用水冲洗干净、晒干,然后在耐酸的锅中按1:6的比例先放入羽毛,再放入0.2%的稀盐酸液,加盖煮沸到用手轻轻拉断时捞出,沥去酸液,然后在阳光下晒干,用粉碎机加工成粉即可。加工好的羽毛粉蛋白质含量在70%左右。 5、骨粉的加工以动物骨头为原料,将动物骨头放入普通锅中连续煮沸7-8小时,待骨头上的脂肪煮出后,在阳光下晒干,然后加工成粉状即成,也可将骨头堆在金属架上进行焙烧,粉碎后即成骨粉,骨粉是补充钙磷元素的好饲料。 6、蛋壳粉的加工以新鲜洁净蛋壳为原料,将蛋壳洗净放入锅内煮沸,

捞出后再放入60℃的铁锅内焙炒,炒脆后取出粉碎即成蛋壳粉,蛋壳粉是补充钙的好饲料。 7、蚕蛹的加工蚕蛹是缫丝工艺的副产品。将蚕蛹放入锅内,反复煮沸数次,去掉油脂,捞出后晒干、粉碎成末即成蚕蛹粉,蚕蛹粉含粗蛋白质为45%左右,适宜饲喂猪及家禽。

文秘英语教学大纲7【精选资料】

四川财经职业学院 《文秘英语》课程教学大纲 一、课程性质与任务 《文秘英语》是专科英语的选修课程,教学对象为我院08级各专业学生。本课程从培养岗位应用型人才的总体目标出发,结合学生毕业后的工作实际,力求向学生提供其工作岗位所需要的基本的英语知识和技能,培养学生使用涉外业务英语的能力, 提高文秘从业人员熟悉办公室中常见的涉外活动。 通过本课程的学习,学生应掌握相关行业实用写作文体、实用口语,提高和掌握文秘英语交流的基本技能和涉外英语交际能力等,其中包括专业文献阅读、翻译、写作和口头交际的能力,成为适应社会需要的应用型涉外工作者。 二、教学要求 通过本课程的教学,使学生能够掌握一定的相关行业实用写作文体、实用口语,提高和掌握文秘英语交流的基本技能和涉外英语交际能力。 1、听力能力要求:能基本听懂正常语速的一般旅游活动中的电话、对话等,并能结合具体语言环境,理解所听内容的深层含义。 2、阅读能力要求:能读懂一般难度的英语文章能够承担办公室中常见的涉外活动中的英语阅读和翻译工作。 3、口语能力要求:能够应付日常工作中的交流。语音、语调正确,语流基本连贯顺畅,表达基本得体。 4、英汉互译能力要求:能够翻译一般性办公室文秘方面的各种材料。能够承担办公室中常见的涉外活动中的英语翻译工作。 5、词汇要求:认知词汇达到3,000左右单词。 6、能够正确写出一般性办公室常见的涉外活动的材料。学习使用涉外业务英语的能力。 7、综合素质要求:要求学生具有乐观、积极、向上的心理素质和勇于创新、不断更新自身知识体系的精神。 三、教学内容 《文秘英语》课程共由5个章节组成: 第1章 第1节商务电话Business Calls 第2节留言Leaving and Taking Messages 第3节留言机留言Leaving Answering Machine Messages 第4节接待访客Dealing With Visitors 第5节约见客人Making Appointments 第6节拒见客人Declining Visitors 第2章 第1节鸡尾酒会Cocktail Party

动物组织胚胎学专升本作业题参考答案

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动物组织各种固定液及优缺点

动物组织各种固定液及优缺点 编 号 类别名字配方优缺点或备注 甲醛:从组织学的观点来说,甲醛是一种良好的固定剂,它有很多的优点:1. 组织收缩较少,损伤少,保存固有物质好.2. 固定均匀,穿透力强.3. 能使组织硬化,增进组织弹性,有利于切片.4. 能保存脂肪及脂类物质.5. 成本较低. 缺点:1. 杂质含量较多,如甲醇,可钝化酶类,影响反应.2. 含有微量甲酸,导致固定液酸变,影响染色.3. 可产生福尔马林色素,影响观察.4. 不能固定尿酸和糖类物质.5. 容易挥发,污染环境,可导致标本干涸.6. 可长期存在于固定过的组织上.有人做过实验,组织用甲醛固定后在流水中冲洗5小时后,仍留有相当多的甲醛与蛋白质相结合,临床活检不用.因此要特别指出的是,在其后的各种技术操作中,要特别注意到甲醛的存在,必须要想办法除去它,否则将会给各种染色造成影响,甚至导致失败。 1 10%缓冲福尔马林固 定液甲醛100ml 蒸馏水900ml NaH2PO44g Na2HPO4 6.5g 该固定液是当今流行的固定液,因它对组织固 定较好,损伤较少,因对其后的各方面研究都较 好,尤其是对免疫组化的染色. 2 10%福尔马林固定液甲醛100 ml 自来水900ml 这是一种最简单的固定液,适合于边远地区携带的固定液,但由于它的单一性,因此,只要有条件的单位都不要求使用这种固定液。 3 10%福尔马林盐固定 液甲醛100ml 自来水900ml Nacl 9克 先将Nacl溶于水,再加入甲醛。这也是一种 较为简单的固定液,但由于加入Nacl,它是 一种重金属盐物质,加入了它可促进和改善染 色,增加染色的强度 4 Bouin氏固定液苦味酸饱和水溶液 75ml 甲醛 2 ml 冰醋酸 5 ml 该固定液中的冰醋酸,对胶原纤维等组织有膨胀作用。而甲醛对组织有收缩作用。两种试剂的混合使用,用以抵消彼此间的副作用。使组织固定达到优良的固定水平 5 醛糖钙固定液甲醛100ml 蔗糖300ml 乙酸钙20g 蒸镏水90ml 先将蔗糖和乙酸钙溶于蒸镏水,后加入甲醛。该固定液对于做酶的组织化学的研究效果较好,组织固定后,做冰冻切片,再给予显示。 酒精:优点:1、可保存尿酸结晶和糖原等物质。2、能在任何比例的情况下与水混合,如组织的脱水,切片染色前后都离不开酒精,通常都用95%的工业酒精来配成60%、70%、80%、90%等不同的浓度来使用。 3、可溶解苯类物质为染色步骤中的桥梁试剂。常规活检等切片上的石蜡必须除去,才能进行染色,能除去石蜡的物质有苯及汽油等,因此称它为桥梁试剂。 4、能除去切片上的水份,使切片无水化。切片经染色后,到无水酒精中已完全无水,这样处理对于切片的保存是有好处的,否则,切片将会褪色。5,可与其它试剂配成多种的混合固定液,加快固定,它的缺点是:1、可溶解脂类物质,凡要证明组织是否含有脂类和类脂物时,切不能用含有酒精的固定液去固定组织,也不能用石蜡切片。2、对组织收缩较大,不宜作单纯固定液。3、渗透力不强。当用酒精固定组织时,组织表面很快就被固定,并形成了一层蛋白膜,这层膜可阻挡固定液向里渗透,造成了中间组织固定不佳的现象。4、可沉淀白蛋白、球蛋白和核蛋白,凡经酒精固定的组织,核的染色都不好。 5、可脱去切片上已着染的各种颜色,切片经染色后,一是必须洗去多余的染液,二是必须脱去切片上的水。在用酒精洗切片时,必须仔细地掌握显微镜下观察,还要掌握酒精的浓度,低浓底的酒精脱色力强,稍不注意,便可脱去切片上大部分的颜色。切片脱水时,要较快地通过低浓度的酒精,以免使已着染的颜色被脱去。

09级课程设计

2009级课程设计 任务:09级学生在12周内,完成一篇与自身专业方向相关的全英文作文。 要求: 1.选择与自身专业方向(如国际商务英语方向、旅游与酒店管理、 文秘方向)相关的话题,完成一篇作文。可以从自身的实践谈,但必须与英语相关。全文主要分成三部分:字数: 800-1200(即3-5页) a.介绍选题的原因,目的和意义。 b.正文部分进行详细阐述。 c.对全文进行总结,并得出相应的结论。 2.封面填写要求: a.字体:中文和数字三号宋体,不加粗;英文小三号Times New Roman b.系别专业: 外语系英语专业 c.实验课程:课程设计 d.班级: 填写方式与论文填写方式一样, 即:2009级英语(旅游与酒店方向)* 班 2009级英语(国际商务方向)* 班 2009级英语(文秘方向) e.可在模版上根据自己的信息进行修改,但注意下划线长度一致。 3.成绩填写: a. 百分制:100%

b. 成绩分布: 4.导师指导修改及评分参考: a. 是否出现语法错误。 b. 全文结构安排是否合理,衔接过渡是否合乎逻辑。 c. 是否具有实践经验总结或指导意义。 5.正文格式如下: a.题目:Times New Roman小二,加粗,居中。 b.空一行开始正文,段首缩进2个字符 c.全文分成三部分,每一部分不用小标题。正文字体为Times New Roman小四。 1.5倍行距。不加粗。 d.范文如下:

成都信息工程学院银杏酒店管理学院 实验报告 系别专业外语系英语专业 实验课程课程设计 指导教师谢璐 学生姓名陈宾力 班级2009级英语(旅游酒店与管理方向)1班学号2009511210

商务谈判 business negotiation

Business Negotiation Plan 课程代码 04C12 课程名称 商务谈判 专 业 商务英语 时 间 2016年6月 组 员崔梦瑶 0134286 杨霞 0134290 肖招兰 0134288 徐云娟 0136228 Business Negotiation Plan Party A (seller): Gree Electric Appliances Inc. Of Zhuhai Party B (buyer): Happiness Household Appliances Inc. of New York Date: June 6th,2016 Venue : meeting room of our company Negotiation team: Cui Mengyao Xiao Zhaolan Yang Ming Xu Feng Li Tian

Division of work: Member Position Cui Mengyao The main negotiator the main representative of our negotiation team, who is this negotiation. Xiao Zhaolan The vice negotiator She’s responsible for giving suggestions to the main neg Yang Ming The recorder His task is to make written records during negotiation. Xu Feng The legal advise He is in charge of negotiation disciplines and legal code Li Tian The financial person He is in charge of clause on price and financial problem and purposes of the other party. Theme of negotiation : Party B would like to buy air conditioners from our company ,we will negotiate around the two main questions as following : 1. The price and the discount of air conditioners 2. The way of payment and the time for goods delivery Background: 1. It is the first time for us to cooperate with Happiness Household Appliances Inc. of New York which is a startup and want to buy 3000 sets of air conditioner from company , our party should not only sell our products and expand our market with reasonable price, but also build up long-time relationship with them. 2.Current market is buyer’s market, and competition on air conditioners are fierce ,which means that Happiness Household Appliances Inc. of New York enjoy more advantage during negotiation. 3. Both of two sides have relatively strong intention to cooperate with each other.

秘书英语 Key to Unit 1

Key to Unit 1 How Does One Become a Secretary? Section 1 Being Interviewed I. 1.personnel 2.manager 3. in 4.answer 5.to 6. qualifications 7.personal 8.interview 9. graduated 10.from 11. Secretarial 12.Management 13. office 14.work 15. main 16.duty 17. typing 18. bilingual 19. apply 20.for 21. enjoys 22. challenging 23. deal 24.with 25. position 26. routine 27. teaming 28.up 29.with 30. confident 31. maximize 32. folk 33.songs 34. be 35.married 36. salary 37. assignment 38. benefits 39. insurance 40. opportunity III. 2. (1)what has made you decide to apply for a position here? (2) My responsibilities include typing, filing, and answering telephone (3) you’re looking for an executive secretary (4) assist me in my daily routine, dealing with correspondence (5) I am more confident that I am able to handle the office routine. 5. 1)I am very happy that I have the chance for this personal interview. 2)I had a part-time job for three months at Far East Trade Company as a personnel assistant. 3)As a secretary I usually need to deal with people from other cultures. 4)My plan is to become a successful secretary because I have been well trained for this. 5)A secretary must team up with other colleagues for a smooth operation to maximize working efficiency. 6)I want to ask about the salary and benefits in the company. Section 2 Preparing an Interview I. 1.affair 2.employer 3.that 4.as 5.who 6.it 7.themselves 8.sector 9.ahead 10.advantage 11.capabilities 12.and 13.you 14.arrive 15.understand 16.and 17.Smile 18.or 19.remember 20.the 21.light 22.out 23.nature

Negotiation report

Table of Contents 1.BRIEF INRODUCTION OG THE CASE (2) 2.BACKGROUND OF THE PARTENER (2) 3. PREPARATION (3) 4. THE PROCEDURE OF THE NEGOTIATION (4) 4.1 main content of negotiation (4) 4.2 Purpose (4) 4.3 Structure and sequence of the negotiation (5) 5.CONCLUSION (8)

Brief introduction of the case The case is a business between Lexing Website and Eton Forest Kindergarten. It is a deal on the advertisement. We are divided into A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6. One main spokesman and 4 or 5 negotiators each party. Firstly, the main spokesman will make a brief introduction to its own company and the negotiators of each party. Then, the negotiators of the both parties will begin the negotiation concentrating on the technology, payment, price and copyright in turn. Finally, the main spokesman will make a conclusion about the negotiation and claim that the agreements are reached after a fierce negotiation. Moreover, he will express the wish to establish long-term cooperation relationship as well. Background of the partener Lexiang website focuses on sharing high-quality Chinese courses for free. The courses will be from domestic colleges, high schools, and even primary schools covering almost every subject student’s learning right now. The famous uni & academic celebrities will be our highlights to attract customers. Customers can also vote for the teaching and make comment on it; on the discussion column, customers can discuss what

商务英语谈判技巧

Business Negotiation Skills in English (商务英语谈判技巧) Phases of Negotiation According to Robert Maddux, author of Successful Negotiation, negotiation is the process we use to satisfy our needs when someone else controls what we want、In business negotiations, the two parties endeavor to obtain their business goals through bargaining with their counterparts、Business negotiations are conducted in the following four phases: the preparation phase, opening phase, bargaining phase and closing phase、 Preparation phase 1.Choosing your team The negotiation team should include members in the following areas: ?mercial: responsible for the negotiation on price, delivery terms, and mercial policy of risk taking、 ?Technical: responsible for specifications, programs, and methods of work、 ?Financial: terms of payment, credit insurance and financial guarantees、 ?Legal: contract documents, terms and conditions of contract, insurance and legal interpretation、 ?Interpreter: familiar with the foreign language needed as well as the negotiationrelated knowledge, and having certain munication skills、 The most important role in the team is the chief negotiator (CN), who is supposed to possess the following qualities: sociability, shrewdness, adaptability, patience, endurance、Other than that, extensive knowledge, clear oral expression as well as strong leadership are also important for a CN、 2、Gathering and analyzing information Valuable information covers the areas in political, legal as well as business system, market research, financial policies, infrastructure and logistics、The knowledge on the counterpart is also necessary、With the information at hand, it is time do a feasibility study to adjust our goals to be achieved、 3、The negotiation plan The plan defines the negotiating objectives, sets the minimum acceptable level for each term, and states the time control, initial strategy, the tactics and others including the location, personnel and facilities needed、A welldesigned plan allows more flexibility in different situations and guides the negotiators through the negotiation process without getting off track、 The opening phase It is mon that the seller submits proposals、Then the buyer confronts with three options: outright acceptance, outright rejection, and qualified rejection, the last of which is usually the most choice、Once the positions and objectives of both parties are revealed, the negotiators begin to reflect both on the loss they will suffer if they would concede and on the loss they will receive if they would refuse to concede、 The bargaining phase At this stage, concessions are made and advantages are gained, thus an agreement is to be achieved、Necessarily the team should make a reappraisal of the other party’s concession factor、

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