肾内科英文
肾脏科
常用语
慢性肾功能衰竭(Chronic renal failure, CRF)
病因(Etiology)
1. Chronic glomerulonephritis 慢性肾炎[ɡl?,merjul?uni'fraitis]
2. Diabetes mellitus, DM 糖尿病[,dai?'bi:ti:z] ['melit?s]
3. Hypertension: Nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化['nefr?u,skli?'r?usis]
4. Chronic tubulointerstitial diseases 慢性小管间质性疾病
5. Polycystic kidney disease 多囊肾[,p?li'sistik]
6. Others 其他
治疗(Treatment)
1. ACE inhibitors may slow progression 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂可能减慢疾病进展
2. Treat reversible causes 治疗可逆性病因
3. Diet:Modest protein restriction with near normal caloric intake decreases nitrogen intake and avoids catabolism[k?'l?rik] ['naitr?d??n] [k?'t?b?liz?m]
饮食：适度限制蛋白，热量摄入基本正常，减少氮摄入，防止分解代谢。
4. Dialysis 透析[dai'?lisis]
Chronic hemodialysis (HD) is the mainstay of therapy for chronic renal failure, but chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is also an alternative. [,hi:m?dai'?lisis; ,hem-]
['?mbjul?t?ri] [,perit?u'ni:?l]
慢性血液透析是慢性肾功能不全的主要治疗方法，同时慢性非卧床腹膜透析也是另一种选择。
透析的绝对指征(Absolute indications for dialysis)
1. Uremic pericarditis with or without cardiac tamponade 尿毒症性心包炎伴或不伴心包压塞[,perikɑ:'daitis] [,t?mp?'neid]
2. Progressive motor neuropathy 进展性运动神经病变[nju?'r?p?θi]
3. Intractable volume overload 难治性容量过负荷[in'tr?kt?bl]
4. Life-threatening and intractable hyperkalemia or acidosis 威胁生命的难治性高钾血症或酸中毒
5. Toxins (e.g., ethylene glycol) 中毒（如乙二醇等）['eθili:n] ['ɡlaik?l]
透析的相对指征(Relative indications for dialysis)
1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances 体液和电解质紊乱
2. V olume-dependent hypertension 容量依赖的高血压
3. CNS abnormalities 中枢神经系统异常[,?bn?:'m?litiz]
4. Anemia and bleeding diatheses 贫血和出血体质[dai'?θisi:z]
5. Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting 厌食、恶心、呕吐[,?n?'reksi?]
6. Weight loss 消瘦
7. Pruritus and ecchymoses 皮肤瘙痒和瘀斑[pru'rait?s, -'ri:-] [,eki'm?usi:z]
对话
Urinary tract infection 尿路感染
Dr.: would you tell me how you feel?
医生：请问有何不舒服？
Pt.: I piss many times, and my urine is red. I also feel pain while urination. [,ju?ri'nei??n]
病人：我小便次数多，尿液呈红色，排尿时疼痛。
Dr.: do you feel any back pain? Any fever?
医生：腰痛吗？发热吗？
Pt.: Yeah. There is also some pain in the lower belly. What’s my trouble?
病人：是的，小腹也痛。我是什么病呢？
Dr.: probably you have UTI. It’s certain you have your urine examined microbiologically for the accurate diagnosis. ['maikr?u,bai?u'l?d?ik?li] ['?kjur?t]
医生：你可能患尿路感染。当然，需要做尿培养以明确诊断。
Pt.: I feel uncomfortable. May I have some medication?
病人：我很不舒服，现在能用药吗？[,medi'kei??n]
Dr.: right after we have your urine sample. Please remember to have lots of water.
医生：送检尿培养后就可以用药。请一定多饮水。
Pt.: that’s all right. I will cooperate. Thank you very much, dr.
病人：好的，我会配合的。谢谢你，医生。
Dr.: you are welcome. Call my office anytime you feel necessary.
医生：不用客气。有事可随时找我。
Chronic glomerulonephritis慢性肾炎
Dr.: hi. I am the dr. responsible for your treatment. Would you tell me the detail of your disease? 医生：你好，我是你的管床医生。请讲讲你的发病过程。
Pt.: I feel pain in the back for 3 months.
病人：我腰痛三个月了。
Dr.: how is it? Do you feel back pain unilaterally or bilaterally?[bai'l?t?r?li]
医生：单侧还是双侧？
Pt.: bilateral.
病人：双侧。
Dr.: does your pain refer to any regions elsewhere?
医生：牵涉至其他部位疼痛吗？
Pt.: no.
病人：没有。
Dr.: any pain during urination?
医生：排尿时疼痛吗？
Pt.: no.
病人：没有。
Dr.: how your urine looks like? Foamy? ['f?umi]
医生：小便是什么颜色？带泡沫吗？
Pt.: it’s clear yellow, with some foam. [f?um]
病人：小便是黄色的，有泡沫。
Dr.: is there any fever? And do you feel any pain in your joints?
医生：平时有发热、关节痛吗？
Pt.: no.
病人：没有。
Dr.: what kind of tests did you have?
医生：在院外做了哪些检查？
Pt.: urine routine and kidney ultrasound.['?ltr?saund]
医生：尿常规、肾脏超生。
Dr.: how the tests showed?
医生：结果如何？
Pt.: there is some protein and increased red blood cells in my urine. But the ultrasound said nothing abnormal.
病人：尿常规有蛋白、红细胞增多，肾脏超生正常。
Dr.: ok. May I do some physical examination?
医生：现在我要给你做体格检查，请配合。
Pt.: all right.
病人：好的。
Dr.: that is all. Take a rest please. In a while the nurses will tell you what to do next.
医生：好了。请好好休息，一会护士会告诉你下一步的检查与治疗哦。
Pt.: good. Thanks!
病人：好的，谢谢。
知道医师与实习同学间常见会话。
Teacher.: boys and girls, shall we go and see a new pt.?
老师：同学，我们一起去看一位新病人。
Students: great.
同学们：好的。
T.: take the sphygmomanometer and stethoscope with you please. [,sfiɡm?um?'n?mit?]
['steθ?sk?up]
老师：带上血压计与听诊器。
S: Ok.
同学们：好。
T.: after our visit, please finish the case file today each of you. I want to see them. All right?
老师：看完病人，你们要完成一份病历的书写。
词汇
department of nephrology 肾脏科[ni'fr?l?d?i]
acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) 急性肾小球肾炎[ɡl?,merjul?uni'fraitis]
chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) 慢性肾小球肾炎
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 急进型肾小球肾炎
nephrotic syndrome (NS) 肾病综合征[ni'fr?tik]
latent glomerulonephritis 隐匿性肾炎['leit?nt]
urinary tract infection (UTI) 尿路感染
acute renal failure (ARF) 急性肾衰竭
acute kidney injury (AKI) 急性肾损伤
chronic renal failure (CRF) 慢性肾损伤
diabetic nephropathy (DN) 糖尿病肾病[,dai?'betik] [ni'fr?p?θi]
arterial venous fistula (A VF) 动静脉瘘['fistjul?]
lupus nephritis (LN) 狼疮性肾炎['lju:p?s] [ni'fraitis]
hematuria 血尿[,hi:m?'tju?ri?]
proteinuria 蛋白尿[,pr?uti:n'ju?ri:?; -ti:i-]
edema 水肿[i'di:m?]
hypertension 高血压
hemodialysis (HD) 血液透析[,hi:m?dai'?lisis, ,hem-]
peritoneal dialysis (PD) 腹膜透析[,perit?u'ni:?l]
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) 持续非卧床腹膜透析['?mbjul?t?ri]
泌尿外科
常用对话
1. How long has this been going on?
2. Does it hurt when you pass water? 小便时，你有痛感吗？
3. How often do you usually pass water? 你通常每日小便几次？
4. Do you often feel like you want to, but then find you can't? 你是否常有尿感，但又排不出小便？
5. You had better do an IVP to see if you have kidney stones.还是做一次静脉尿路造影为好，看一下是否有肾结石。
常用词汇
?polycystic kidney 多囊肾[,p?li'sistik]
?phimosis (redundant prepuce) 包茎（包皮过长）[fai'm?usis; fi-] ['pri:pju:s]?hypospadias (epispadias) 尿道下（上）裂[,haip?'speidi?s] [,epi'speidi?s]?cryptorchidism 隐睾[krip't?:kidiz?m]
?ectopia (torsion) of testis 睾丸异位（扭转）[ek't?upi?] ['testis]
?extrophy of bladder 膀胱外翻['bl?d?]
?hydrocalyx 肾盏积水['keiliks, 'k?liks](盏，[植] 花萼；杯状结构)?hydronephrosis 肾积水[,haidr?uni'fr?usis]
?stricture of ureter 输尿管狭窄['strikt??] [,ju?'ri:t?]
?obstruction of urethra 尿道梗阻[ju?'ri:θr?]
?renal (ureteral) injury 肾（输尿管）损伤[ju'ri:t?r?l]
?injury of bladder (urethra, penis, scrotum) 膀胱（尿道，阴茎，阴囊）损伤['skr?ut?m]?condyloma acuminate 尖锐湿疣[,k?ndi'l?um?] [?'kju:min?t, ?'kju:mineit]尖的?balanitis (balanoposthitis) 阴茎头（包皮）炎[,b?l?'naitis] [,b?l?n?up?s'θaitis]?cavernositis of the penis 阴茎海绵体炎['pi:nis]
?chancroid 软下疳['???kr?id]
?soft (hard) chancre 软（硬）下疳['???k?]
?hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大[hai'p?:tr?ufi] ['pr?steit]
?eczema of the scrotum (external genitalia) 阴囊（外生殖器）湿疹['eksim?] [,d?eni'teilj?]?acute (chronic) pyelonephritis 急（慢）性肾盂肾炎[,pai?l?uni'fraitis, -ne-]
?pyelitis 肾盂炎[,pai?'laitis]
?pyonephritis 肾积脓[,pai?une'fraitis]
?trichomonal prostatitis 滴虫性前列腺炎[,trik?u'm?n?l; -'m?u-; tri'k?m?l] [,pr?st?'taitis]
?perinephritis 肾周围炎[ni'fraitis]
?abscess of the kidney (perinephric) 肾（周）脓肿['nefrik]
?acute (chronic) cystitis 急（慢）性膀胱炎[sis'taitis]
?gonorrheal prostatitis(seminal vesiculitis, epididymitis, urethritis) 淋菌性前列腺炎（精囊炎、附睾炎、尿道炎）[,ɡ?n?'ri?l]['semin?l] ['epi,didi'maitis] [,ju?ri'θraitis]
?gonorrhea 淋病[,ɡ?n?'ri?]
?bacterial urethritis 细菌性尿道炎
?tuberculosis of kidney (prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis) 肾（前列腺，精囊，附睾）结核['vesikl] [,epi'didimis]
?contracted bladder 挛缩性膀胱
?renal (ureteral, vesicle) calculus 肾（输尿管）结石['k?lkjul?s]
?carcinoma (embryoma) of kidney 肾癌（胚胎癌）[,embri'?um?]
?papilloma (papillary carcinoma) of renal pelvis(ureter, penis, bladder) 肾盂（输尿管，阴茎，膀胱）乳头状瘤（癌）[,p?pi'l?um?] [p?'pil?ri] ['pelvis]
?infiltrative carcinoma of bladder 膀胱浸润性癌[in'filtreitiv]
?caruncle of urethra 尿道肉阜['k?r??kl] [ju?'ri:θr?]
?teratoma (seminoma) of testis 睾丸畸胎瘤（精原细胞癌）[,ter?'t?um?] [,semi'n?um?]?carcinoma (sarcoma) of prostate 前列腺癌（肉瘤）
?nephroptosis 肾下垂[,nefr?p't?usis]
?hydrocele of the spermatic cord (testis) 精索（睾丸）鞘膜积液['haidr?usi:l] [sp?:'m?tik]?varicocele of spermatic cord 精索静脉曲张['v?rik?usi:l]
?elephantiasis of scrotum (penis) 阴囊（阴茎）象皮肿[,elif?n'tai?sis]
?intrascrotal filariasis 阴囊内丝虫病['skr?ut?l] [fil?'rai?sis]
?chyluria (bacteriuria) 乳糜（细菌）尿[b?k,ti?ri'ju?ri?]
?Cushing syndrome 库兴综合征
?primary (secondary) aldosteronism 原（继）发性醛固酮增多症[?l'd?st?r?uniz?m]?virilism 女性男性化['viriliz?m]
?adrenal pheochromocytoma 肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤[?'dri:n?l] ['fi:?'kr?um?usai't?um?, si-]?adenocarcinoma of bladder (prostate) 膀胱（前列腺）腺癌['?d?n?u,kɑ:si'n?um?]?clear (granular) cell carcinoma of kidney 肾透明（颗粒）细胞癌['ɡr?njul?]?leiomyosarcoma of the bladder 膀胱平滑肌肉瘤['lai?u,mai?usɑ:'k?um?]
?polyp of the ureter 输尿管息肉[,ju?'ri:t?]
?urethrorectal (urethrovaginal, vesicorectal, visicovaginal) fistula 尿道直肠（尿道阴道，膀胱直肠，膀胱阴道）瘘[ju?,riθr?'rekt?l] [,ju?riθr?'v?d?in?l] ['vesik?u] ['fistjul?]?hematoma of the scrotum 阴囊血肿[,hi:m?'t?um?, ,hem-]
?rupture of the bladder (renal pedicle) 膀胱（肾蒂）破裂['pedikl](蒂；[动] 肉茎；花梗) ?acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) 艾滋病（获得性免疫缺陷综合症）?thrombosis of the renal artery 肾动脉血栓形成[θr?m'b?usis]
?renal artery stenosis 肾动脉狭窄[sti'n?usis]
?acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死['tju:bjul?] [n?'kr?usis, ne-]
?amyloidosis of the kidney 肾淀粉样变[,?mi'l?id?usis]
?neurogenic bladder 神经性膀胱[,nju?r?u'd?enik]
?male(female) infertility 男（女）性不育症[,inf?'tiliti]
?azoospermia (aspermia) 无精症[ei,z?u?'sp?:mi?] [?'sp?:mi?]
?necrospermia 死精症
?asthenospermia (aspermatogenesis) 精子活力（生成）不足[?,sp?:m?t?u'd?enisis, sp?:,m?-]
?impotencec(y) 阳痿['imp?t?ns,-t?nsi]
?asexuality 无性欲[ei,seksju'?l?ti]
?hyposexuality (hypersexuality) 性欲低下（旺盛）
?nocturnal emission 遗精[n?k't?:n?l]
?ejaculatio praecox 早泄
?male sterility (contraception) 男性绝（节）育[st?'riliti] [,k?ntr?'sep??n]?apareunia (dyspareunia) 性交不能（困难）[,disp?'ru:ni?]
?penile chordee 阴茎痛性勃起['pi:nail] ['k?:di:]
Hematuria (gross or microscopic, intermittent or constant. ) 血尿（肉眼或镜下，间歇性或持续性）[,hi:m?'tju?ri?] [,maikr?'sk?pik] [,int?'mit?nt]
Vesical irritability: frequency, urgency, Nocturia and dysuria. 膀胱刺激症：尿频，尿急，夜尿和排尿困难['vesik?l] [,irit?'bil?ti] [n?k'tju?ri?] [dis'ju?ri?]
Bone pain 骨痛
Flank pain 腰痛[fl??k]
IVU 静脉尿路造影
Cystourethroscopy 膀胱尿道镜
Intravesical Chemotherapy 膀胱腔内化疗[intr?'vesik?l]
Transurethral Resection (TURbt) 经尿道切除术[,tr?nsju?'ri:θr?l, ,tr?nz-, ,trɑ:n-]
Partial Cystectomy 膀胱部分切除术[sis'tekt?mi]
Radical Cystectomy 膀胱根治性切除术
Renal Pelvic Cancers 肾盂癌
Double-J tube 双J管
Catheterization 导尿[,k?θit?rai'zei??n, -ri'z-]
pelvic abscess 盆腔脓肿
Pelvic fracture 骨盆骨折
the posterior urethra, consisting of the prostatic and membranous portions, 后尿道，包括前列腺部和膜部['membr?n?s; mem'brein?s]
the anterior urethra, consisting of the bulbous and pendulous portions. 前尿道，包括海绵体部和阴茎部['b?lb?s] ['pendjul?s, -d??-]
Acute retention 急性尿潴留
Chronic retention 慢性尿潴留
BPH 良性前列腺增生
I-PSS 国际前列腺症状评分
DRE digital rectal examination 直肠指检PSA 前列腺特异抗原
Creatinine 肌酐[kri:'?ti,ni:n]
Alpha Blockers α受体阻滞剂['?lf?]
内科英文病历材料模板
HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TONGJI MEDICAL COLLEGE ACCESSORY TONGJI HOSPITAL Hospitalization Records for None-operation Division Division: __________ Ward: __________ Bed: _________ Case No. ___________ Name: ______________ Sex: __________ Age: ___________ Nation: ___________ Birth Place: ________________________________ Marital Status:____________ Work-organization & Occupation: _______________________________________ Living Address & Tel: _________________________________________________ Date of admission: _______Date of history taken:_______ Informant:__________ Chief Complaint: ___________________________________________________ History of Present Illness: ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
常见的英文缩写
英文缩写 VCD 视频高密光盘 IT是指信息技术，即英文Information Technology 的缩写 BT是一种P2P共享软件，全名叫"BitTorrent",中文全称:"比特流"又名"变态下载" DIY是每个电脑爱好者熟悉的新名词，是英文Do It Yourself的首字母缩写,自己动手制作的意思,硬件爱好者也被俗称DIYer. OEM是英文Original Equipment Manufacturer的缩写，意思是原设备制造商。 BBS是英文Bulletin Board System的缩写，中文意思是电子公告板系统，现在国内统称做论坛。 XP，是英文Experience（体验）的缩写, 自从微软发布Office XP后,成为软件流行命名概念. 论坛上常见文章标有zt字样,新手不知所云,其实不过是"转帖"的拼音缩写而已. ps是什么意思?在网上,常用软件一般都用缩写代替photoshop简称ps,DreamWeaver简称dw. ID是英文IDentity的缩写,ID是身份标识号码的意思. 为了使Internet上的众多电脑主机在通信时能够相互识别，Internet上的每一台主机都分配有一个唯一的32位地址，该地址称为IP地址，也称作网际地址。IP地址由4个数组成，每个数可取值0~255，各数之间用一个点号“.” MSN 即MICROSOFT NETWORK, 是微软公司的一个门户站点. MSN作为互联网上最受欢迎的一个门户, 具备了为用户提供了在线调查、浏览和购买各种产品和服务的能力. DJ是DISCO JOCIKEY(唱片骑士)的英文缩写,以DISCO为主,DJ这两个字现在已经代表了最新、最劲、最毒、最HIGH的Muisc。 URL是英文Uniform Resoure Locator的缩写,即统一资源定位器,它是WWW网页的地址 OVA是英文录象带的缩写. MC的意思是Micphone Controller的意思，翻译差不多是“控制麦克风的人”。也可以理解为Rapper，很多Rap都在自己的艺名前面加上“MC”，比如台湾的MChotdog，香港的MCYan，美国的MC Hammer等。 CS是非常流行的网络游戏,中文名是反恐精英。 SOHO,是SMALLOFFICEHOMEOFFICER的简称,意思是“在家办公”。还有就是SOHO网啦! BANNER是横幅广告,logo是图标广告. FTP是英文File Transfer Protocol的缩写，即文本传输协议。 pm是什么意思 Private Messages 论坛短信 在英语中，bug表示“臭虫”的意思。但在电脑行业却把电脑内部发生的小故障也称为 “bug”，如程序运行不畅等，这种叫法也许与臭虫不无关系。有人猜测，之所以用bug，是因为它非常简洁明快。其次，臭虫也确实使人连休息也不得安宁，如同电脑中的小故障一样，它虽小，但麻烦还是很大的。 国家： PRC 中国： People's Republic of China国际组织、机构、公司： CAAC 中国民航： Civil Aviation Administration of China SARS 非典: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome BSE 疯牛病： Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BBC British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司 CNN美国有线新闻网络Cable News Network 考试： NMET 全国普通高等学校入学考试： National Matriculation Entrance Test CET 大学英语等级考试： College English Test PETS 全国公共英语等级考试： The Public English Test System TOEFL 托福： Test of English as a Foreign Language IELTS 雅思： International English Language Testing System GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 美国研究生入学考试 电子、通讯： IT 信息技术： Information Technology VCD 激光视盘： Video Compact Disc GPS 全球定位系统： Global Positioning System
100篇英文经典文献
share with 各位会计、财务专业的同学... （P.S.读英文期刊绝对是体力活...开读前一定要吃好睡好...） 这些是会计学的基础文献，是所有其他文献的参考文献~~~ 经典文献（The 100 articles with the highest citation index-until 1996） 参考：Lawrence D. Brown, 1996, “Influential Accounting Articles, Individuals, Ph. D Granting Institutions and Faculties; A Citational Analysis”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol.21, NO.7/8, P726-728 1. Ball, R. and Brown, P., 1968, “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 159-178 1. 2.Watts R.L., Zimmerman J., 1978, “Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards”, The Ac counting Review, pp. 112-134 2. 3.Healy P.M, 1985, “The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, April, 85-107 3.Hopwood A. G., “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study of Accounting and Information S ystems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society (No. 1, 1978) pp. 3-14 4.Collins, D. W., Kothari, S. P., 1989, “An Analysis of Intertemporal and Cross-Sectional Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp. 143-181 5.EastonP.D, Zmijewski M.E, 1989, “Cross-Sectional Variation in the Stock Market Response to Accounting Earnings Announcements”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 117-141 6.Beaver, W. H., 1968, “The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements”, jo urnal of Accounting Research, pp. 67-92 7.Holthausen R.W., Leftwich R.W., 1983, “The Economic Consequences of Accounting Choice: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-117 8.Patell J.M, 1976, “Corp orate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock Price Behavior: Empirical Tests. Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-276 9.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation of Alternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-87 10.Ou J.A., Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction of Stock Returns”, Journal of Ac counting and Economics, Nov., 295-329 11.William H. Beaver, Roger Clarke, William F. Wright, 1979, “The Association between Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings Forecast Errors,” Journal of Accounting Research, 17, 316-340.
常用英文缩写大全(全)
企业各职位英文缩写： GM(General Manager)总经理 VP(Vice President)副总裁 FVP(First Vice President)第一副总裁 AVP(Assistant Vice President)副总裁助理 CEO(Chief Executive Officer)首席执行官，类似总经理、总裁，是企业的法人代表。 COO(Chief Operations Officer)首席运营官，类似常务总经理 CFO(Chief Financial Officer)首席财务官，类似财务总经理 CIO(Chief Information Officer)首席信息官，主管企业信息的收集和发布CTO(Chief technology officer)首席技术官类似总工程师 HRD(Human Resource Director)人力资源总监 OD(Operations Director)运营总监 MD(Marketing Director)市场总监 OM(Operations Manager)运作经理 PM(Production Manager)生产经理 (Product Manager)产品经理 其他： CAO: Art 艺术总监 CBO: Business 商务总监 CCO: Content 内容总监 CDO: Development 开发总监 CGO: Gonverment 政府关系 CHO: Human resource 人事总监 CJO: Jet 把营运指标都加一个或多个零使公司市值像火箭般上升的人 CKO: Knowledge 知识总监 CLO: Labour 工会主席 CMO: Marketing 市场总监 CNO: Negotiation 首席谈判代表CPO: Public relation 公关总监 CQO: Quality control 质控总监 CRO: Research 研究总监 CSO: Sales 销售总监 CUO: User 客户总监 CVO: Valuation 评估总监 CWO: Women 妇联主席 CXO: 什么都可以管的不管部部长 CYO: Yes 什么都点头的老好人 CZO: 现在排最后，等待接班的太子 常用聊天英语缩写
英语大病历模板
英文大病例写作示例 时间:2007-06-04 17:19来源:中国医师协会作者: 点击: 355 次 撰写大病例是实习医师与住院医师的日常工作，也是上级医师作进一步诊断治疗的原始依据，国外的英文大病例并无统一格式，但是基本内容大致相仿，本节介绍的许多医疗记录的词汇值得借鉴。 Details个人资料 Name: Joe Bloggs (姓名：乔。伯劳格斯) Date: 1st January 2000（日期：2000年1月1日） Time: 0720(时间：7时20分) Place: A&E（地点：事故与急诊登记处） Age: 47 years（年龄：47岁） Sex: male（性别：男） Occupation: HGV(heavy goods vehicle ) driver（职业：大型货运卡车司机） PC(presenting complaint)（主诉） 4-hour crushing retrosternal chest pain（胸骨后压榨性疼痛４小时） HPC(history of presenting complaint)（现病史） Onset: 4 hours of “crushing tight” retrosternal chest pain, radiating to neck and both arms, gradual onset over 5-10 minutes.（起病特征：胸骨后压榨性疼痛４小时，向颈与双臂放 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bd15548332.html,，5-10分钟内渐起病） Duration: persistent since onset（间期：发病起持续至今） Severe: “worst pain ever had”（严重性：“从未痛得如此厉害过）
一些常用的英文缩写
报刊上常用的： ADB Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行（亚行） AMC asset management company 资产管理公司 BOT build-operate-transfer 建设－运营－移交 CBRC China Banking Regulatory Commission 中国银行业监督管理委员会（银监会） CGC credit guarantee company 信用担保公司 CGS credit guarantee scheme 信用担保制度 CIRC China Insurance Regulatory Commission 中国保险监督管理委员会（保监会） CPDF China Project Development Facility（世行）中国项目开发中心 CSRC China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证券监督管理委员会（证监会） DFID Department for International Development （of the United Kingdom）英国国际发展部DRC Development Research Center （of the China State Council）国务院发展研究中心EU European Union 欧盟 FDI foreign direct investment 外商直接投资 FIE foreign invested enterprise 外资企业 GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值 IFC International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司 IPO initial public offering（股票）首次公开发行 IPR intellectual property right 知识产权 JV joint venture 合资企业 MOC Ministry of Commerce 商务部 MOF Ministry of Finance 财政部
英文病历样本
General information Name Age Sex Race Nationality Address Occupation Marital status Date of admission Date of record Complainer of history Reliability: Reliable Chief complaint The patient has a cough producing thick rusty sputum and a high fever that is accompanied by shaking chills. He has a right chest pain when breathing. History of present illness The patient has had a cold after swimming in the cold water recently. He had a cough with thick rusty sputum. He had shaking chills and felt a chest pain on the right side. He saw a doctor. A week after, he thought he was over it and didn’t pay attention to it, w ent swimming again. Now the condition is more serious. He has a high fever with 39℃that is accompanied by shaking chills. He has a bad cough with no-blood sputum. When he takes a deep breath, it even hurts. Past medical history The patient is health before. No history of infective disease. No allergy history of food and drugs. No operative history. No disease history in other system. Personal history He was born in XXX on XXXX and almost always lives in XXX. His living conditions were good. No bad personal habits and customs. Menstrual history: He is a male patient. Family history: His parents are both alive. Physical examination General: T P R BP W H. The patient is a well-developed, well-nourished adult male. HEENT: PERRL, EMOI, small oral aperture. Neck: JVP to angle of jaw, 2+ carotid pulses, full range of motion. Cardiac: RRR, normal S1,S2, distant heart sounds. Chest wall: No subcutaneous emphysema. No tenderness. Thorax: Symmetric bilaterally. Breast: Symmetric bilaterally. Lungs: Respiratory movement is bilaterally asymmetric with the frequency of 24/min. We can hear coarse breathing when listening to a portion of the chest with a stethoscope. There are moist rales on bilateral inferior lung. Heart: Border of the heart is normal. Heart sounds are strong and no splitting. Rate 150/min. No pathological murmurs. Abdomen: Flat and soft. No abdominal wall varicose. There is no rebound tenderness on abdomen or renal region. Liver and spleen are untouched. Skin: No pigmentation. No pitting edema. No skin eruption. Extremities: No articular swelling. All limbs can free move. Genitourinary system: Not examed. Rectum: Not examed. Neural system: Physiological reflexes are existent without pathological ones. Investigation Chest X-ray: Lamellar shadow can be seen in middle and inferior lobe of right lung. The right lung is seriously infected. The volume of useful lung is reduced because of the collection of fluid around the lung.
最新常见英语缩略词大全
常见英语缩略词大全
ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line 又名网络快车。 APEC Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation 即亚太经济合作组织。 AQ Adversity Quotient逆境商数. CATV Cable Television即有线电视 BBS Bulletin Board System 公告牌系统或电子公告板。 BSS Base Station System 即基站系统，指移动通信中的空中接口部分。CARM Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine 即中国康复医学会。CBD Central Business District又称中央商务区。 CCEL China Certification Committee for Environment Labelling Production即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。 CD-ROM Compact Disk-Read Only Memory即光盘只读存储器即光驱。 CEO Chief Executive Officer即首席执行官。 CET College English Test即大学英语测试。 CFO Chief Finance Officer即首席财务主管。 CI Corporate Identity即企业形象统一战略， CID Central Information District即中央信息区。 CIO Chief Information Officer即首席信息主管，也称信息中心主任。。 CPA Certified Public Accountant即注册会计师 CPI Consumer Price Index，即全国居民消费价格指数。 CPU Central Processing Unit又称微处理器， CS customer satisfaction顾客满意度。 CTO Chief Technology Officer，即首席技术主管。 DDN Digital Data Network，即数字数据网。
经典会计英文文献目录100篇
经典文献（The 100 articles with the highest citation index-until 1996） 以下所有文献按照：Lawrence D. Brown, 1996, “Influential Accounting Articles, Individuals, Ph. D Granting Institutions and Faculties; A Citational Analysis”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, V ol.21, NO.7/8, P726-728提供的资料 1.Ball, R. and Brown, P., 1968, “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 159-178 2.Watts R.L., Zimmerman J., 1978, “Towards a Positive Theory of the Dete rmination of Accounting Standards”, The Accounting Review, pp. 112-134 3.Healy P.M, 1985, “The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, April, 85-107 4.Hopwood A. G., “Towards an Organizational Pe rspective for the Study of Accounting and Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society (No. 1, 1978) pp. 3-14 5.Collins, D. W., Kothari, S. P., 1989, “An Analysis of Intertemporal and Cross-Sectional Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp. 143-181 6.Easton P.D, Zmijewski M.E, 1989, “Cross-Sectional Variation in the Stock Market Response to Accounting Earnings Announcements”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 117-141 7.Bea ver, W. H., 1968, “The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 67-92 8.Holthausen R.W., Leftwich R.W., 1983, “The Economic Consequences of Accounting Choice: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-117 9.Patell J.M, 1976, “Corporate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock Price Behavior: Empirical Tests. Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-276 10.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation of Alternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-87 11.Ou J.A., Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction o f Stock Returns”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-329 12.William H. Beaver, Roger Clarke, William F. Wright, 1979, “The Association between Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings Forecast Errors,” Journal of Accounting Research, 17, 316-340. 13.Burchell S., Clubb C., Hopwood, A., Hughes J., Nahapiet J., 1980, “The Roles of Accounting in Organizations and Society”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp. 5-28
常用英文缩略词
. 常用英文缩略词 1.表示各种组织或机构的缩略词 2.表示各种系统的缩略词 BBS(Bulletin Board System)电子布告栏系统或(Bulletin Board Service)电子布告服务 GPS(Global Position System)全球定位系统 GSM(Global System for Mobile Communications)全球移动通信系统 CIMS(Computer Integrated Manufacturing System)计算机集成制造系统 DOS(Disc Operating System)磁盘操作系统 ITS(Intelligent Transportation System)智能交通系统 NMD(National Missile Defense)国家导弹防御系统 TMDE(Test,Measure and Diagnostic Equipment)试验、测量与诊断设备 NASDAQ(National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation)纳斯达克，<美>全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会 3.有关职务或学位的缩略词 CEO(Chief Executive Officer)首席执行官 CFO(Chief Finance Officer)首席财务官 CIO(Chief Information Officer)首席信息官 COO(Chief Operating Officer)首席运行官 CTO(Chief Technology Officer)首席技术官 CPA(Certified Public Accountant)注册会计师 MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士 MPA(Master of Public Administration)公共管理硕士 4.有关金融方面的缩略词 ATM(Automated Teller Machine)自动取款(出纳)机 CBD(Central Business District)中央商务区 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国内生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)国民生产总值 5.有关考试方面的缩略词 CET(College English Test)大学英语等级考试 GRE(Graduate Record Examination)美国研究生入学考试PETS(Public English Test System)全国英语等级考试 6.其他方面的缩略词 AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)获得性免疫功能丧失综合症，即艾滋病 AM(Amplitude Modulation)调幅 APC(aspirin,phenacetin and caffeine;compound aspirin;heat-relieving and pain-killing medicine consisting of aspirin,phenacetin and caffeine)复方阿斯匹林phenacetin[医]非那西汀；乙酰对氨苯乙醚（解热镇痛剂）API(Air Pollution Index)空气污染指数 CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)码分多址，一种无线电发射和接受方式 CD(Compact Disc)激光唱盘 CIP(Cataloguing in Publication)预编目录 DIY(Do It Yourself)指自己动手装电脑，缝制衣服，做贺卡等 DVD(Digital Video Disc)数字化视频光盘 EMS(Express Mail Service)邮政特快专递 EQ(Emotional Quotient)情商 IQ(Intelligence Quotient)智商 IT(Information Technology)信息技术 OA(Office Automation)办公自动化 OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer)原始设备制造商PC(Personal Computer)个人计算机 PT(Particular Transfer)特别转让 SOHO(Small Office Home Office)小型家居办公室 SOS(Save Our Souls;radio signal once used universally to appeal for help esp.by a ship or boat;urgent request for help from sb.in trouble)国际上曾通用的紧急呼救信号，也用于一般的求救或求助 ST(Special Treatment)特别处理 VIP(Very Important Person)要人 VOD(Video on Demand)视频点播 7、聊天常用英语缩略词 ASAP As soon as possible尽快 BF Boyfriend男朋友 BTW By the way随便说一下 BBL Be back later稍后回来 BRB Be right back很快回来 CU See you再见 CUL See you later下次再会 DIIK Damned if I known我真的不知道 DS Dunce smiley笨伯 FE For example举例 FTF Face to face面对面 FYI For your information供参考 GF girlfriend女朋友 IAE In any event无论如何 IC I see我明白 ILY I love you我爱你 IMHO In my humble opinion依愚人之见 IMO In my opinion依我所见 IOW In other words换句话说
英语 病例 模板
CASE Medical Number: 682786 General information Name:Wang Runzhen Age: Forty three Sex: Female Race:Han Occupation: Teacher Nationality:China Marital status: Married Address: NO.38, Hangkong Road, Jiefang Rvenue, Hankou, Hubei. Tel: 82422500 Date of admission:Jan 11st, 2001 Date of record: 11Am, Jan 11st, 2001 Complainer of history: the patient herself Reliability: Reliable Chief complaint: Right breast mass found for more than half a month. Present illness: Half a month ago, the patient suddenly felt pain in her right chest when she put up her hand. After touching it, she found a mass in her right breast, but no tendness, and the patient didn’t pay attention it. Then the pain became more and more serious, so the patient went to tumour hospital and received a pathology centesis. Her diagnosis was breast cancer. Then she came to our hospital and asked for an operation. Since onset, her appetite was good, and both her spiritedness and physical energy are normal. Defecation and urination are normal, too. Past history Operative history: Never undergoing any operation. Infectious history:No history of severe infectious disease.
常用英语缩略词
常用英语缩略词 1. 各种组织或机构的缩略词 APEC(Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)亚太经济合作组织 IOC(International Olympic Committee)国际奥林匹克组织 ISO(International Standard Organization)国际标准化组织 OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)欧佩克,石油输出国组织 WTO(World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织 SOS村(SOS children's village)一种专门收养孤儿的慈善机构 2. 各种系统的缩略词 BBS(bulletin board system)电子公告牌系统或(bulletin board service)电子公告服务 GPS(global positioning system)全球定位系统 GSM(global system for mobile communications)全球移动通信系统 CIMS(computer integrated manufacturing system)计算机集成制造系统 DOS(disc operating system)磁盘操作系统 GMDSS(global maritime distress and safety system)全球海上遇险与安全系统 ITS(intelligent transportation system)智能交通系统 NMD(National Missile Defense)国家导弹防御系统 TMD (theatre missile defense)战区导弹防御系统) NASDAQ(national association of securities dealers automated quotation)纳斯达克,(美)全国交易商自动报价系统协会 3. 有关职务或学位的缩略词 CEO(chief executive officer)首席执行官 CFO(chief finance officer)首席财务官 CGO(chief government officer)首席沟通官 CIO(chief information officer)首席信息官 COO(chief operating officer)首席运营官 CTO(chief technology officer)首席技术官 CPA(certified public accountant)注册会计师 MBA(Master of Business Administration)工商管理硕士 MPA(Master of Public Administration)公共管理硕士 4. 金融方面的缩略词 ATM(automated teller machine)自动柜员机 CBD(central business district)中央商务区 GDP(gross domestic product)国内生产总值 GNP(gross national product)国民生产总值 5.考试方面的缩略词 CET(college English test)大学英语等级考试 GRE(graduate record examination in USA and other countries)美国等国家研究生入学资格考试PETS(public English test system)全国英语等级考试 HSK(Hanyushuipingkaoshi; Chinese Standard Test)汉语水平考试 6. 其他方面的缩略词 AIDS(acquired immune deficiency syndrome) 获得性免疫缺陷综合症,即艾滋病 AM (amplitude modulation) 调幅