西安交通大学研究生一年级英语写作_范文试题

Part I: Summary Writing (40 points)

1. Content: 30

proper citation: the title, writer’s name; (5 points)

theme: the author questions the relationship between busyness and success and points out the real significance of life; (5 points)

key points:

a. there’s a wrong worship of busyness among modern people; (5 points)

b. the secrete of the truly successful people is to learn what not to do; (5 points)

c. the busiest people may never be successful; (5 points)

d. even when the true success comes, people still should not forget what are more important in their lives; (5 points)

2. Wording: 5 points (Copying of the original sentences should be avoided.)

3. Mechanism: 5 points (coherence and conjunction)

Part II: Essay Writing (60 points)

Content: 15 points

0-3 Wandering off

4-6 Poor in relevance

7-9 Basically relevant, ordinary opinions

10-12 Relevant to the topic, with innovation

13-15 Highly pertinent, deep insight

Structure: 5points

Complete format with:

Hook (1 point), thesis statement (1 point), topic sentences (1 point), supporting sentences (1 point), concluding sentence (1 point).

语言部分评分标准参考（40分）

0-8分—条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

9-16分—基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。17-24分—基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。

25-32分—切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

33-40分—切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。

内容：10分结构：10分

Summary范文

So That Nobody Has To Go To School If They Don't Want

Compulsory-attendance Laws Should Be Abolished

In the article “So That Nobody Has To Go To School If They Don't w ant”, Roger Sipher makes his case for getting rid of compulsory-attendance laws in primary and secondary schools with six arguments. These fall into three groups—first that education is for those who want to learn and by including those that don't want to learn, everyone suffers. Second, that grades would be reflective of effort and elementary school teachers wouldn't feel compelled to pass failing students. Third, that schools would both save money and save face. Thus the elimination of compulsory-attendance laws will improve the quality of education. (101字)

Secret to Longevity Lies in Genes, Study Finds

According to the article, Dr. Thomas Perls and researchers have been doing studies and tests to see if genes have anything to do with growing old. Dr. Thomas believes that not only good health, but genes could play a role. Their research has shown that many of the people that live to 90 and over share similarities in their DNA. Dr. Perls hopes that if genes have anything to do with aging then they might be able to understand biochemical pathways. (81字)

驳论文范文

Merely based on the unfounded assumptions and dubious evidence, the statement draws the conclusion that unreasonable expectations of computers for education have yet to be realized. To substantiate the conclusion, the arguer points out the evidence that working on the Internet especially finding and retrieving information from a website can sometimes be tedious and time consuming. And then he indicates that distance learning will cost a lot of fees. In addition, no students prefer to stick their nose in a computer rather than watch TV or go to school. Furthermore, he cites a result of recent survey in support of his recommendation. At first glance, this argument appears to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection reveals that it omits substantiate concerns that should be addressed in the argument. From the logical perspective, the argument suffers from N logical flaws.

The threshold problem with this argument is that sometimes using computers may be more convenient than traditional learning. First of all, though that various information is there on the Internet, we can also find much useful information by useful methods. For example, we can easily find many scientific literatures on the Internet using

search engines. On the contrary, it's hard to imagine that you can definitely seek out a useful literature in library only by using several keywords. In addition, nowadays students can listen to many famous universities' classes on the Internet and it will benefit more people.

Another problem that weakens that the logic of this argument is that besides the classes with charged on the Internet, there are many free resources on the Internet. As far as I can see, several major Chinese websites have opened courses for free. And also most of the information on the Internet can be downloaded for free. Moreover distance learning can save the cost of attending to school.

Before I come to my conclusion, it is necessary to point out the flaw involved in this argument. The arguer points out that no child would like to learn to use the computer.

I can hardly accept this argument for learning by computer can be very interesting. With the use of multi-media, distance learning can be very attractive to children. And students will prefer to use computer rather than be bored to death by endless books and stodgy teachers.

To sum up, this arguer fails to substantiate his claim that finding information from a website can sometimes be tedious and time consuming, because the evidence he cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the argument maintains. To make the argument more convincing, the author would have to provide more information with regard to the cost of distance learning. Additionally, he would have to demonstrate that why distance learning is more boring than traditional learning. Therefore, if the argument had included the given factors discussed above, it would have been more logically acceptable. (481字)

Along with the rapid development of science and technology, computers become more and more popular in our daily life. They can be used in various fields, such as calculation, simulation, communication and recreation. Of course, they have already invaded every aspect of education, from kindergarten through college. It is not uncommon for 6th graders to surf the Net, design their own home pages, and e-mail their friends or strangers they ha ve "met” on the Web. In fact, computer literacy is a reality for many junior high students and most high school students.

In the midst of this technological explosion, computers have already brought benefits to education. But somebody disapproves of using computer technology in education; and they think it will not magically educate students. For example, the author of the article "Computers and Education in America” in our handbook of advanced writing, Dudley Erskine Devlin, had listed his points one by one.

To begin with, the author queries whether computer technology can provide valuable information. However, he ignores the reality that Internet provides the most comprehensive and professional information spaces, which are always convenient and free to use. For example, every academician and postgraduate may seek help from "Wanfang Database” while they are searching through scholarly literatures for their

scientific research. Indeed, computer online has become a necessity to supply the latest information and the most efficient service. In other words, we can get nearly all information we need from the Net, without spending a lot of time leafing through too many books in the library.

In addition, the author doesn't believe that every person has the skills to navigate the Web in any but the most superficial way. Nevertheless, society is advancing with the passage of time, every one may become more and more familiar to computer technology for certain years, and the technology would become easier and easier to use at the same time.

Finally and most importantly, the author is deeply worried about the nasty issue of pornography and the rampant commercialism on the Internet, which may establish incorrect value for college students by wasting their time and enticing them to be a degenerate. To the certain extent, it may be true; but without the Net, they can also be exposed to the unhealthy things through other media, like books, TVs and so on. On the contrary, Internet can use network mask and firewalls to protect students from these negative in formations.

As mentioned above, the computer is very important in schools, especially in high schools and universities. In a word, our study would not go on with computers online. Thus, negating computer and Internet in education is unadvisable, and what we should do is fully using it while reducing the negative influence. (456字)

西安交通大学研究生《高级英语写作》期末考试试题

Part I: Summary Writing (40 points)

Read the following article carefully, and then write a summary of it in about 200 words.

The Cult of Busyness

------------ Barbara Ehrenreich

Not too long ago a former friend and soon-to-be acquaintance called me up to tell me how busy she was. A major report, upon which her professional future depended, was due in three days; her secretary was on strike; her housekeeper had fallen into the hands of the Immigration Department; she had two hours to prepare dinner party for eight; and she was late for her time-management class. Stress was taking its toll, she told me: her children resented the fact that she sometimes got their names mixed up, and she had taken to abusing white wine.

All this put me at a distinct disadvantage, since the only thing I was doing at the time was holding the phone with one hand and attempting to touch the opposite toe with the other hand, a pastime that I had perfected during previous telephone monologues. Not that I'm not busy too: as I listened to her, I was on the alert for the moment the dryer would shut itself off and I would have to rush to fold the clothes before they settled into a mass of incorrigible wrinkles. But if I mentioned this little deadline of mine, she might think I wasn't busy enough to need a housekeeper, so I just kept on patiently saying "Hmm" until she got to her parting line: "Look, this isn't a good time for me to talk. I've got to go now."

I don't know when the cult of conspicuous busyness began, but it has swept up almost all the upwardly mobile, professional women I know. Already, it is getting hard to recall the days when, for example "Let's have lunch" meant something other than "I've got more important things to do than talk to you right now.'' There was even a time when people used to get together without the excuse of needing something to eat -- when, in fact, it was considered rude to talk with your mouth full. In the old days, hardly anybody had an appointment book, and when people wanted to know what the day held in store for them, they consulted a horoscope.

It's not only women, of course; for both sexes, busyness has become an important insignia of upper-middle-class status. Nobody, these days, admits to having a hobby, although two or more careers -- say, neurosurgery and an art dealership -- is not uncommon, and I am sure we will soon be hearing more about the tribulations of the four-pay-check couple. Even those who can manage only one occupation at a time would be embarrassed to be caught doing only one thing at a time. Those young men who jog with their headsets on are not, as you might innocently guess, rocking out, but are absorbing the principles of international finance law or a lecture on one-minute management. Even eating, I read recently, is giving way to "grazing" -- the conscious ingestion of unidentified foods while drafting a legal brief, cajoling a client on the phone, and, in ambitious cases, doing calf-toning exercises under the desk. All the bustle, my busy friends would explain --

they want to succeed.

But if success is the goal, it seems clear to me that the fast track is headed the wrong way. Think of the people who are genuinely successful: path-breaking scientists, best-selling novelists, and designers of major new software. They are not, on the whole, the kind of people who keep glancing shiftily at their watches or making small lists entitled "To Do." On the contrary, many of these people appear to be in a daze, like the distinguished professor I once had who, in the middle of a lecture on electron spin, became so fascinated by the dispersion properties of chalk dust that he could not go on. These truly successful people are childlike, easily distractible, fey sorts, whose usual demeanor resembles that of a recently fed hobo on a warm summer evening.

The secret of the truly successful, I believe, is that they learned very early in life how not to be busy. They saw through that adage, repeated to me so often in childhood, that anything worth doing is worth doing well. The truth is, many things are worth doing only in the most slovenly, halfhearted fashion possible, and many other things are not worth doing at all. Balancing a checkbook, for example. For some reason, in our culture, this dreary exercise is regarded as the supreme test of personal maturity, business acumen, and the ability to cope with math anxiety. Yet it is a form of busyness which is exceeded in futility only by going to the additional trouble of computerizing one's checking account -- and that, in turn, is only slightly less silly than taking the time to discuss, with anyone, what brand of personal computer one owns, or is thinking of buying, or has heard of others using.

If the truly successful manage never to be busy, it is also true that many of the busiest people will never be successful. I know this firsthand from my experience, many years ago, as a waitress. Any executive who thinks the ultimate in busyness consists of having two important phone calls on hold and a major deadline in twenty minutes, should try facing six tablefuls of clients simultaneously demanding that you give them their checks, fresh coffee, a baby seat, and a warm, spontaneous smile. Even when she's not busy, a waitress has to look busy -- refilling the salt shakers and polishing all the chrome in sight -- but the only reward is the minimum wage and any change that gets left on the tables. Much the same is true of other high-stress jobs, like working as a telephone operator, or doing data entry on one of the new machines that monitors your speed as you work: "success" means surviving the shift.

Although busyness does not lead to success, I am willing to believe that success -- especially when visited on the unprepared -- can cause busyness. Anyone who has invented a better mousetrap, or the contemporary equivalent, can expect to be harassed by strangers demanding that you read their unpublished manuscripts or undergo the humiliation of public speaking, usually on remote Midwestern campuses. But if it is true that success leads to more busyness and less time for worthwhile activities -- like talking (and listening) to friends, reading novels, or putting in some volunteer time for a good cause -- then who needs it? It would be sad to have come so far -- or at least to have run so hard -- only to lose each other.

Part II: Essay Writing (60 points)

In the article in Part I, Ehrenreich has given her point of view on busyness. Now please write an essay about 400 words refute it. Begin by jotting down a list of the author’s points. And then choose the most controversial points to focus on and use proper logical pattern you have learnt to develop your argumentation. You need to include the hook, thesis restatement, topic sentences, supporting sentences, and concluding sentences in your article.

宁可累死在路上，也不能闲死在家里！宁可去碰壁，也不能面壁。是狼就要练好牙，是羊就要练好腿。什么是奋斗？奋斗就是每天很难，可一年一年却越来越容易。不奋斗就是每天都很容易，可一年一年越来越难。能干的人，不在情绪上计较，只在做事上认真；无能的人！不在做事上认真，只在情绪上计较。拼一个春夏秋冬！赢一个无悔人生！早安！—————献给所有努力的人