创造建筑_何塞普_马里亚_蒙塔内尔
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在加泰罗尼亚当代建筑中，由阿丰斯·索尔戴维
拉（1938－）带领其子阿丰斯和大卫一起所设计的作
品，代表了一种独特的建筑实践，是对构造、结构和
形式进行不懈探索的榜样。
他们最广为人知的实验作品之一是半透明住宅
（1997－2001），在时任设计系教授的阿丰斯·索尔
戴维拉·巴尔波萨的带领下，一个被称为“能量容器”
的装置在巴塞罗那建筑学院里建成，随后这个“能量
容器”又被重新组装在巴尔波萨位于巴达洛纳市马斯
拉姆区的自家花园中，那里也是他的工作室所在地。
这个“能量容器”是一个可拆装的住宅，弧形屋顶，
根据时间和光线的变化推敲出来的形体展现出半透明
In the Catalonia contemporary architecture, the
work designed by Alfons Soldevila (1938－) leading
his sons Alfons and David represents a unique
building practice, which is a model of unremitting
exploration for the construction, the structure and
the form.
One of their most well-known experimental
works is Casa Translúcida (the Translucent House,
1997－2001), under the leadership of Alfons
Soldevila Barbosa, who was professor of the design
department at that time, a device named "Energy
Container" was built in the Barcelona School
of Architecture, and subsequently the “Energy
Container”was re-assembled in Barbosa's own
garden in Muscat Ram, Badalona, where his studio
was located. The "Energy Container" is a removable
house with curved roof, showing endless changes of
the translucent shade of color according to the form
due to changes of the time and the light. Natural
light shines into the room, at the same time the
artificial lighting can also shine upon outdoors. Not
only the external walls of the building, but the roof
and those floor slabs that seem to float in mid-air
and are used to separate different floors, are made
of translucent materials. The light construction
system based on the tubular steel and carbonate
fiberboard turns the construction into a game-like
experience, because just one person can assemble
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2作者简介：何塞普·马里亚·蒙塔内尔是巴塞罗那建筑学院建筑理论方向的资深大学教授，也是加泰罗尼亚理工
大学“21世纪住宅实验室”研究生项目的联合主
任。/Josep Maria Montaner is Senior University
Professor on Theory of Architecture at the
Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB) and co-
director of the Post graduate course “Laboratory
of XXI Century Housing”at the Polytechnic
University of Catalonia.
色调的无穷变化。自然光照进室内，与此同时人工照明也可以影射到室外。建筑中采用半透明材料的不只有外墙，还有屋顶和那些仿佛漂浮在半空中用来分隔不同楼层的楼板。基于管状型钢和碳酸酯纤维板的轻型建造体系，让建造变成一种游戏般的体验，因为一个人就可以把它组装起来，有如一次体育锻炼。
另一个被广泛认可的作品是蒂亚纳住宅及工作室，由大卫·索尔戴维拉·里耶拉设计。建筑由两个面朝大海的V字形体块组成，采用轻型建造体系，干作业现场组装，同时室内设置了许多轻质的元素、家具和可移动的隔断，使得空间灵活多变，适应性强。
事实上，上述这两座房子只是索尔戴维拉－索尔戴维拉－索尔戴维拉建筑事务所众多实验和建成项目
中的一小部分。在他们众多建成的作品中，基础设施
和公共建筑占据着尤为突出的位置，比如：巴塞罗那
新地铁线路上的车站；公共汽车车库及修理车间；体
育设施的屋顶结构（如巴达洛纳市的萨尔瓦多·埃斯
布里乌体育场）；工业厂房，其中一些用作香槟酒窖，
如在布里奥拉特的格拉达罗普斯和蒂亚纳/阿莱利亚。
还有两座具有象征意义的图书馆：其一是位于新区的
罗克特斯图书馆，这是一个用耐候钢板包裹的棱柱体，
立面上上开有大窗；另一座为矿源图书馆，呈平行六
面体，通体晶莹剔透，结构轻巧，用材极为节省。这
两座图书馆均位于巴塞罗那非常繁华的街区，建筑师
在有限的造价条件下创造了一幅具有未来主义风格的
建筑图景。
无疑，持续不断的研究精神是贯穿索尔戴维拉建
筑事务所所有作品的共同特色，即对更轻巧、更经济、
更易于安装的结构形式的探索。索尔戴维拉家族是天
生的不知疲倦的创造者，在他们的一些作品中我们看
到了对人类学家列维·斯特劳斯所定义的两大造物过
程的一种罕见的综合，既：那些喜欢修修弄弄、能运
用手头现有的材料和物件进行组装的“能工巧匠”；和
通过力学、结构及装配方面最精确计算进行工作的工
程师。
他们以无尽的创造力将高迪的传统延续到了后现
it, like a sports exercise.
Another widely recognized work is Tiana House and Studio, designed by David Soldevila Riera. The building consists of two sea-facing V-shaped blocks, which adopts light construction system and dry operation on-site assembly, at the same time, the interior has many light elements, furniture and movable partitions, making the space flexible and adaptable.
In fact, above two houses are only a small part of numerous experiments and completed projects
of Soldevila Soldevila Soldevila Architects. Among
their numerous completed works, infrastructure
and public buildings are particularly prominent,
for examples, Barcelona's new metro line station;
bus garage and repair shop; roof structure of the
sports facilities (such as the Salvador Espriu Stadium
in Badalona); industrial plants, some of which
are used as the champagne cellars, such as the
Gratallops and Tiana/Alai in Priorat. There are two
libraries with symbolic significance: one is Roquetes
Library that is located in the New District, which
is a prism wrapped by anti weathering steel, with
large windows on the facade; another is Font de
La Mina Library, which is parallelepiped, glittering
and translucent, with a lightweight structure and
extremely cost-effective materials. Both libraries
are located in the very lively block of Barcelona, the
architect created a building picture with a futuristic
style in the limited cost condition.
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1.2 半透明住宅/The Translucent House
3.4 蒂亚纳住宅及工作室/Tiana House and Studio
代时期，同时佐以勒·柯布西耶的研究探索与海杜克的诗意实验。他们是由能工巧匠和工程师脱胎而来的建筑师，他们懂得向所有事物和一切现象学习，从自然界的微小生物到任何粗陋的装置、机器和控制论系统，并会不断地加以实验和转化以创造新事物。于是，他们既置身于达·芬奇和儒勒·凡尔纳充满想象力的传统世界，同时也从属于迪朗、费尔南·普约与拉卡特&瓦萨所在的这样一条法国式的经济型派系。在对轻型结构的探索中，索尔戴维拉是琼·托雷斯·伊·瓜迪奥拉这位轻型结构专家在当代的化身，后者与高迪生活在同一个时代，是“蝇翼”结构的发明者。索尔
学校中那个轻巧、通透的斜棱柱体。在他们的作品中，人文主义的技术路线得以发扬，面对着资源垄断、过度开发和日趋枯竭的现实，这条路是对科技的实验性、社会性和自由性所做出的认可和许诺。
与此同时，在他们的一系列竞赛作品中，诗意、想象和科幻的色彩浓厚。从那些垂直的、环环相扣的螺旋状摩天楼、弯曲的塔楼，悬浮的街区，直至为2003年“智利基元”提交的关于应急住宅的原型设计方案，以及为发展中国家设计的学校，如在缅甸所做的木质拼装设计，都是很好的例证。□
戴维拉对轻和空的执着探索也是对工程师罗伯特·勒·里克莱斯研究工作的一种延续。
在他们的项目中，扭矩图成为定义结构的主角；而其形式则受到一种高速公路上波普美学的影响，同时又整合了人造景观。其结构形式同时支撑、围护、覆盖、联结并创造空间。比如位于自由贸易区的附属工厂，在容纳空间的同时也被转化成一座明亮的灯塔。
索尔戴维拉以此为基础在探索功能建筑美学的道路上又向前迈进了一步，他们一路走来，闪耀着智慧和理性，不遗余力，正如在莱里达的拉·瓦尔佛斯卡
of Joan Torras i Guardiola, a lightweight structural expert, the latter lived in the same era with Gaudí, and is the inventor of the Fly Wing structure. Soldevila's persistent exploration of light and space is also a continuation of research of the engineer Robert Le Ricolais.
In their projects, the torque diagram plays a leading role in de ?ning the structure; while its form is in ?uenced by a pop aesthetics on highway, and integrates the man-made landscapes. It is structured considering the support, enclosure, coverage, linkage and the creation of space at the same time. Take the subsidiary factory located in the free trade zone as an example, which is turned into a bright
with Le Corbusier exploration and John Hejduk poetic experiment. They are architects born out of skillful craftsmen and engineers, they know how to learn from all things and every phenomenon, from the tiny creatures of nature to any crude devices, machines and cybernetics system, and will continuously carry out experiment and transformation in order to create new things. Therefore, they are both in Leonardo da Vinci and Julio Vernea's traditional world full of imagination, also subject to a French-style economic faction to which JNL Durand, Fernand Pouillon and Lacaton & Vassal are subject. In the exploration of light structure, Soldevila is the contemporary incarnation
Undoubtedly, the continuous research spirit is a common feature throughout all works of the Soldevila Architects, that is, to explore the lighter , more economical and easier-to-install structure. Soldevilas is born tireless creator , from some of their works, we see a rare integration of two creation processes defined by the anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, that is, "skillful craftsmen" who like to repair and make, and assemble using materials and objects on their hands; and engineers who work through most accurate calculation in terms of mechanics, structural and assembly.
They continue the tradition of Gaudí to the post-modern era with endless creativity, combined
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5 萨尔瓦多·埃斯布里乌体育中心/Salvador Espriu Sport Complex
6 自由贸易区高层附属楼/Annex Building Zona Franca
7 罗克特斯图书馆/Roquetes Library
beacon while accommodating the space.
The Soldevila takes a step forward on the road to explore the functional architectural aesthetics based on it. Along the way, shining with intelligence and rationality, they spare no effort, just as that light, transparent oblique prism in the School of La Vallfosca, Lleida. In their works, the technical route of humanism is carried forward, which is a recognition and promise for the experiment, sociality and freedom of science and technology, facing the reality of resource monopoly, over-exploitation and depleting.
At the same time, in a series of their works for competition, there is strong color of poetry, imagination and science ?ction. From those vertical and interlocking spiral skyscrapers, curved towers, ?oating blocks, to the prototype design schemed on emergency house submitted for 2003 Chile Niche, as well as schools designed for developing countries, such as wood assembly design made in Burma, all are good examples.
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8－10 莱里达的拉·瓦尔佛斯卡学校中的斜棱柱体/The transparent
oblique prism in the School of La Vallfosca, Lleida
11 为地震而设计的智利“元素”方案/Elemental Chile for the
earthquakes
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12 缅甸难民儿童学校方案/School 4 Burmese Refugee Children
13.14 7岁的小女孩在进行木工拼装/The little girl 7 years old
is assembling the wood block.
15－18 学校方案模型/Model of the school