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How Can We Study English Well

How Can We Study English Well
How Can We Study English Well

HOW CAN WE STUDY ENGLISH WELL?

我们怎样才能学好英语?

Ladies and Gentlemen,

女士们,先生们,

We often hear people complain, ―My God, it’s really difficult to study Eng- lish!‖―Damned wooden-headed as I, how can I learn it well?‖ Soon they give it up.

我们常听人抱怨,“乖乖,英语真难学!”“我这样一个十足的榆木疙瘩,怎么能学好英语呢?”要不多久,他们便放弃了英语学习。

Is it really so difficult to learn English well? The answer can be ―Yes‖ as well as ―No.‖Do you remember the English saying: Where there is will, there is a way‖, or what we Chinese often say: Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his heart on it? The fact is that English is much easier for us to learn as com- pared with Chinese. The question lies in whether you are confident, or whether you’ve got correct ways of learning.

学好英语真的那么难吗?答案可以是“不难”,也可以是“难。”难道您不记得英语常言道,“有志者,事竟成?”不记得我们中国人常说“世上无难事,只要有心人?”事实是,比起汉语来,英语好学多了。问题在于您是否有信心,是否掌握了正确的学习方法。

Where does our will or confidence come from? Or why should we set our heart on English study? I think, our will or confidence comes from our full understanding of the importance of the English language. As we know, English is the working language of the whole world. It is most widely used. Recently, we often say, China must go to the whole world. We need to make friends with other peoples. We need to learn advanced science and technology from others. We need to trade with other countries. How can we do all this without English, the universal language?

我们的志气或信心来自何处?或者,我们为什么要把心放在英语学习上?我以为,我们的志气或信心来自于对英语重要性的充分理解。我们知道,英语是全世界的工作语言。它使用得最广泛。最近,我们常说,中国必须走向全世界。我们需要和他国人民交朋友;我们需要学习别人先进的科学技术;我们需要同其他国家做买卖。没有四海通用的英语,我们怎么能做这一切呢?

Personally speaking, we have to study English well if we want to be overseas students, if we want to travel abroad, if we want to find a good work in foreign countries, and if we want to treat foreign patient. If we want to play games or go surfing on computer, if we want to be promoted, to earn more money and live a decent life, we have to master English. In China today, we go to McDonald’s to eat Mac, fries and drink coke, sprite and 7-up. We wear fashionable clothes from England. We drive Benz or Buick. We paint our faces with oils or powders from Paris. Even peasants at tourist resorts can shout, ―This, five yuan.‖ So if we can’t speak a little English, we will one day be kicked out of the globe. Don’t you think

so? At least I do believe.

就个人而言,假如我们想留学国外,想到国外旅游,想到国外找份好工作,假如我们要给老外看病,就必须学好英语。假如我们要在计算机上玩游戏或冲浪,假如我们想要晋升职称,多挣点钱,过舒适的日子,就必须掌握英语。在今天的中国,我们到汉堡包店吃汉堡包、炸薯条,喝可口可乐、雪碧和七喜。我们穿英国时装,开奔驰或别克,用法国脂粉涂抹脸蛋。就连旅游区的农民也会喊,“这个,5块。”假如我们一点英语也不会讲,总有一天,我们会被开除球藉。难道你不信?至少我信。

Mao Zedong once said, if you want to cross a river, you must first settle the problem of boat or bridge. Meanwhile, if we want to study English well, you should first get correct methods of learning. This lecture is to tell you the ways. I hope it’ll be helpful to you.

毛泽东曾经说过,假如你要过河,你得先解决船或桥的问题。同样,假如我们想学好英语,我们就得先掌握正确的学习方法。本讲座就是告诉您这样的一些方法,希望对您有所助益。

I.How to Build Up your Vocabulary 如何扩大词汇量

Word is the most basic unit of a language. In other words, the language is built up with words according to grammar. You need to be able to understand many words for the reading and listening task, and to be able to use many words for the speaking and writing task. Here are some suggestions for you to build up your vocabulary.

词是语言最基本的单位。换句话说,语言是按语法把词堆砌而成的。为了听和读,你必须要懂得许多词汇的意思;为了说和写,你必须要能应用很多词汇。这里给你一些扩大词汇量的建议。

A. Remember the different meanings of the same word记住词的多种意思

He often holds his head high. 他总是趾高气扬。

Two heads are better than one. 集思广益/三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮。

She was at the head of the list. 她名列前茅。

Hi, head, let’s have a rest. 嘿,头儿,息会儿吧。

The Zhangs kept over 100 head of cattle. 张家养了百多头牲口。

We went upstream to the river-head. 他们朝源头溯流而上。

He has a hot/hard/strong head. 他是个急性子/死顽固/酒量大的人。

I’ll do some shopping this afternoon.下午我要去采买。

She has done her best.她已经竭尽全力了。

Let me do the host.让我做东吧。

Too much pork will do you harm.吃太多的猪肉对你有害。

She is doing her face/hair/the room.她在化妆/做头发/整理房间。

That won’t do.那不行。

He always does the big.他常常充好汉。

How do you like your egg? Under done, half-done or over-done?你的鸡

蛋怎么煮,嫩点,半熟,还是老点?

I’m afraid you’ve been done.恐怕你受骗了。

Don’t stir, or I’ll do you! 别动,否则毙了你!

What done is done. 木已成舟。

Do away with red-tape.废除文牍主义。

Once you’re fired, you are done for.你要是被开除了,就完了。

It’s difficult to do with her.和她不易相处。

Observe the following dos and don’ts.请遵守下列注意事项。

B. Enlarge your vocabulary with the help of word formation 用构词法扩大单词量

1. Conversion – the change of parts of speech 转化–词类的改变

The cat got its back up.猫发怒了。(名词)

Stealthily, she took a back seat.她悄悄地在后排位子上坐下来。(形容词) He walked back and forth in the room.他在房间里走来走去。(副词)

John backed his car to the garage.约翰把车倒进车库里。(动词)

They had a round table meeting.他们开了个圆桌会议。(形容词)

Doctor Li made the round of the wards.李医生巡视了病房。(名词)

He ran round the track.他围着跑道跑。(介词)

Glasses go round.给每人一杯酒。(副词)

Round your mouth and read the word ―or‖.嘴弄圆,读单字―or‖。(动词)2. Derivation – the addition of prefix, suffix, or both to the root word 生成

–在根词上加前缀、后缀、或前后缀同时加。

1)Suffix – often changes the parts of speech后缀,常常改变词的类别

(1) Suffix that makes noun构成名词的后缀

-er reader teacher pain-killer singer

-or actor sailor editor visitor

-ist dentist scientist socialist capitalist

-ee employee trainee referee trustee

-ess hostess goddess actress waitress

-ian librarian physician musician Canadian

-ese Chinese Japanese Congolese Nepalese

-an American African Korean Italian

-ant assistant defendant dependant inhabitant

-man postman statesman helmsman policeman

-eer engineer pioneer volunteer mountaineer

-ism socialism heroism racism optimism

-ness illness happiness greatness coldness

-(a)tion repetition examination preparation production

-ion action decision discussion expansion

-ment movement argument judgment government

-ing building feeling painting wedding

-ship leadership hardship friendship membership

-age shortage marriage carriage tonnage

-ure failure pleasure pressure seizure

-ty loyalty cruelty safety penalty

-th truth depth health length

-ity activity reality possibility ability

-y modesty difficulty discovery inquiry

-al arrival refusal withdrawal approval

-ance acceptance reliance allowance entrance

-ence dependence difference confidence reference

(2) Suffix that makes ajective构成形容词的后缀

-ful useful beautiful cheerful faithful

-less childless hopeless helpless homeless

-ive active collective decisive destructive

-ous famous nervous dangerous glorious

-able agreeable comfortable readable eatable

-ible sensible permissible responsible divisible

-ic heroic historic energetic poetic

-ant ignorant defiant significant observant

-ly friendly brotherly lively daily

-y rainy dirty handy thirsty

-al historical critical accidental exceptional

-ent different dependant consistent obedient

-en golden wooden woolen earthen

(3) Suffix that makes verb构成动词的后缀

-ize realize modernize revolutionize nationalize

-en harden soften hasten strengthen

-ify simplify beautify amplify classify

(4) Suffix that makes adverb构成副词的后缀

-ly really happily simply terribly

2)Prefix – often changes the meaning 前缀,常改变词义un- 不,做相反动作unhappy untrue uncomfortable

undress undo unload dis-不,做相反动作dislike dishonest disagree

in- (im-, ir-, il-) 不informal immoral irregular illegal

non- 不,非non-existent non-conductor non-interference re- 重新retell rewrite redo reface reform

mis- 错误地misspell mistake misadvise mislead

co- 共同co-exist co-operate co-editor codefendant

over- 过于overdo over-estimate overgrow overflow

under- 不够underage underbred underground underwear post- 在…之后post-war post-election postgraduate

fore- 预先,前foretell foreleg forefront forelock

self- 自动,自我self-centered self-confident self-respect

super- 超,上层superman supermarket superstructure

sub- 下面subway subdivide subconscious subtitle

semi- semi-circle semi-conductor semi-feudal

multi- 多multi-media multi-racial multi-national

en- enlarge endanger enslave enrage encourage

be- befriend behead belittle becloud

3.Compound – the combination of words 合成–几个词连成一个词。

1) a. + n.-ed: double-faced noble-minded kind-hearted

2) a. + present p.: good-looking easy-going high-sounding

3) adv. + present p.: hard-working far-reaching uprising

4) n. + present p.: peace-loving epoch-making fame-seeking

5) n. + past p.: state-run heartfelt air-dropped

6) adv. + past p.: well-known widespread over-grown

7) a. + past p.: new-born ready-made short-sighted

8) n. + n. : blood test water-cure waterway

9) a. + n.: short-hand large-scale first-rate

10) gerund + n.: waiting-room sleeping-pills reading lamp

11) v. + adv.: get-together runaway break-through

12) adv. + n.: downfall outbreak overweight

13) other ways: editor-in-chief touch-me-not go-between

overthrow white-wash nevertheless

a wait-and-see policy a nothing-can-be-done look

a look-who-I-am attitude an ante-bite-bone spirit Now look at the following examples: 请看下列例子

press vt压,按;压榨,挤;强迫,催逼;烫,印刷

vi 强要,逼迫;奋勇向前;急迫;拥挤,给印象

n.压,按,挤,烫;压力机,压榨机,印刷机;印刷,出版,出版社,新闻社,通讯社,新闻界;出版物,新闻报道;急迫,繁忙pressing, pressure, pressurize, pressurization

depress压下,压低,使消沉,抑制,使衰竭

depressant, depressed, depressible, depressing, depression, depressive impress盖印,打记号,使铭记,使深深感到,

impressible, impression, impressionism, impressionist, impressionistic,

impressive, impressments, impressure

oppress压迫,压制,欺侮,使气馁,使无精神

oppression, oppressive, oppressor, oppressed

suppress镇压,扑火,止住,忍住,禁止

suppressed, suppressible, suppression, suppressive, suppressor

Then, let’s study the following sentences; pay special attention to the italicized words.再来研究研究下面的句子;特别注意斜体字。

1. Unheard of! But this was an age of unheard-ofs.

2. He is ready to face the difficulty and brave it out.

3. She papered the paper lantern with scrap papers.

4. The Party righted all the wrongs for the poor.

5. A doctor should be very patient towards his patients who have lost all

patience with their illness.

6. An ignorant man often ignores his ignorance.

7. The dressy girl dressed and undressed herself in front of the dresser for hours,

not knowing which was the best dress for the date. Her mother, busy dressing a fat hen, gave her a best dressing down, ―Are you going to be a dresser?‖

8. When something unusual happens, some adopt a wait-and-see policy, some

take a nothing-can-be-done attitude. Both are good-for-nothing lot.

9. He always over-estimates himself. Wherever he goes, he puts on look-who-I-

am airs.

10. Not all the easy-to-pick-up-but-difficult-to-put-down books are good-for-all-

the-time ones.

C. Enlarge your vocabulary through collocation and set phrases通过搭配和

成语扩大单字量

Now take PUT for example.

1. Mother put some milk to tea. 母亲在茶里加上牛奶。

2. Tom put the cow to the bull. 汤姆使母牛同公牛交配。

3. Grandpa put the horse to the cart. 爷爷把马套上车。

4. We should put the plan to practice. 我们应当把计划付诸实践。

5. She put something on paper and left in a hurry.

她在纸上匆匆写下几字就离开了。

6. How shall I put it? 我该怎么说才好呢?

7. The case was put clearly. 病情讲清楚了。

8. She put the whole story before the public. 她向公众讲出了事情的原委。

9. How can you put the civilians in the wrong? 你怎能委过于普通百姓?

10. We’ll put a tax on gasoline. 我们将征收燃油税。

11. Her request put herself about. 她的请求使自己很为难。

12. Why, we’ve put it across! 啊,我们成功了!

13. Jack put aside all his difficulties and won. 杰克排除万难,赢得胜利。

14. Yes, I love him. Nothing can put us asunder!

是的,我爱他,什么也拆散不了我们!

15. Put yourselves at ease. It’s only an exercise. 放宽心,这只是一次练习。

16. She put aside some money for later use. 她存了些钱,以备不时之需。

17. Beijing and Tokyo have put aside their differences.

中日两国消除彼此之间的分歧。

18. I’d put his age at about 60. 我估计他年近花甲。

19. Put away your book and dictionary while testing.

考试时,收起书和字典。

20. Put things back after you use them. 东西用过后,请放回原处。

21. I put my watch five minutes back. 我把表回拨了五分钟。

22. At the bus-stop, the bus put down all passengers.

在停车点,公交车让所有乘客下车了。

23. Put down your arms or I’ll kill you! 放下武器,否则我宰了你!

24. Bush failed to put down the revolts in Iraq. 布什镇压不了伊拉克暴乱。

25. Put me down for the competition. 我报名参赛。

26. Trees put force new leaves in spring. 春天里树木长出了新叶。

27. Jill put forward a new suggestion. 吉尔提出新建议。

28. She put in a word for her friend. 她为朋友说了好话。

29. I’ve put in a claim for damage. 我已提出赔偿损失。

30. Put it in another way, you’re wrong. 换句话说,你错了。

31. It’s too late to put off the wedding. 推迟婚礼已来不及了。

32. Don’t put me off when I’m thinking. 我思考时,别打岔。

33. What should I put on for the party? 我穿什么去参加聚会呢?

34. Too much meat put on weight. 吃太多肉会增加体重的。

35. She wasn’t really angry; she was only putting it on.

她不是真生气了,只不过故作样子而已。

36. He often put on airs over his juniors. 他常对下级摆架子,耍威风。

37. Please don’t put yourself out on our account. 请别为了我们难为您自己。

38. She’s ready to put herself out to help others. 她乐于舍己助人。

39. He looked rather put out. 他看上去很不高兴。

40. The fire was soon put out. 火很快被扑灭了。

41. He successfully put through the deal. 他做成了这笔交易。

42. Please put me through to the manager. 请给我接通经理的电话。

43. She put all her children through higher education.

她让所有孩子都接受了高等教育。

44. The boss put Ted to the door. 老板让特德走人。

45. Finally the baby put all the blocks together.

最终,小孩把所有积木都拼装在一起。

46. The team put up a splendid performance. 球队的表演棒极了。

47. We can put you up for the night. 今晚我们可以为你提供住宿。

49. Jill put up her hair. 吉尔把头发拢到头顶上。

50. Tom put up the tent for night. 汤姆搭起帐篷过夜。

51. God, I can’t put up with you. 老天,我受不了您了。

52. Put up or shut up. 拿出确切证据来,否则免开尊口。

Then let’s see the use of IN.

1.The cat is in the box. 猫躺在盒子里。

2.There is a bird in the sky. 天上有只鸟。

3.Have you seen the lamp in the distanc e? 你看到远处那盏灯了吗?

4.She was still in bed. 她还在睡觉。

5.The old woman was in poor health. 老太太身体不好。

6.We shouldn’t show pity to the wolf in sheep’s clothing. 我们不应当怜

悯披着羊皮的狼。

7.In irons Saddam was brought to the gallows. 萨达姆戴着脚镣手铐,被

押到绞刑架。

8.In my opinion, he was wrong. 我认为他错了。

9.Victory is in sight. 胜利在望。

10.Please write an essay in English. 请用英语写一篇文章。

11.They vary in colour, length, size and weight. 它们在颜色、长度、大小

和重量上各不相同。

12.I can’t put it in a few words. 我三言两语把它说不明白。

13.Do everything in the interests of the people. 为人民的利益做一切事情。

14.He was killed in action. 他在战斗中牺牲。

15.He was up to ears in debt. 他债台高筑。

16.The new book is in today. 新书今日上市。

17.Bodyguards are deeply in. 保镖十分时髦。

18.The horse was still in. 马还套着套。

19.They came out in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地出来了。

20.She wore a coat with a furry side in. 她穿着有皮里的外衣。

21.Is somebody in? 里面有人吗?

22.Keep the fire in. 别让火熄灭了。

23.I was in for it. 我深陷困境。

24.Year in, year out, he toiled in the field. 他年复一年在田里干活。

25.The Publicans are the in party. 共和党是执政党。

26.What’s the in thing this summer? 今年夏天什么东西流行?

27.The ins and outs are always at war. 执政党和在野党常干仗。

28.It’s in– we’ve got a goal. 球进了–我们射门得分。

29.We need help to get the rice in. 我们需要人手收稻子。

30.I recognized his father in him. 我看到他身上有他父亲的气质。

So your vocabulary does not necessarily depend on how many words but on how many collocations or set phrases you can remember. It is said that you can express yourself freely if you can master the collocations of such a dozen of verbs as be, break, do, fall, get, give, go, have, hold, keep, let, make, put, set and make with at, for, in, on, with, etc. And this is true.

因此,单词量的多少并非一定要看您记住了多少单字,而是看您记住了多少搭配或短语。据说,只要您掌握了像be, break, do, fall, get, give, go, have, hold, keep, let, make, put, set和make等十多个动词同at, for, in, on, with等的搭配,您就可以自由表达意思了。这话不假。

D. Try every way possible to remember English words用一切可行的方法记

忆英语单词

1. Remember the words in special groups 把词按特定的组来记

1) classroom

blackboard, door, window, desk, chair, wall, floor, ceiling, platform

2) nature

mountain, mount, hill; river, stream, brook; lake, reservoir, pool, pond;

sea, ocean; island, isle, islet; land, field, farmland, grassland, sand,

oasis; spring, fountain, waterfall, cascade; tree, grass, flower; animal,

bird; rain, snow, wind, frost, cloud, ice, hail

3) animal

horse, buffalo, ox, cow, pig, goose, duck, chicken, cock, hen, dog, cat, goat, sheep, donkey, rabbit; tiger, fox, leopard, lion, bear, wolf, deer, elephant, camel, panda, mouse, rat, monkey, ape; whale, shark, seal, dolphin, crocodile, carp, eel; frog, snake, spider, fly, dragon-fly, bee, ant, cricket, grasshopper, cicada; sparrow, thrush, lark, swallow, owl, parrot, crane, hawk, peacock, pheasant, cuckoo, woodpecker

4) tree; fruit; vegetable; flower

5) body

head, forehead; temple, face, eye, eyebrow, nose, cheek, ear, mouth, neck, shoulder, back, chest, breast, nipple, waist, abdomen, navel, groin, buttocks, arm, elbow, wrist, hand, finger, thigh, leg, ankle, toe 2. Remember the synonyms together把同义词放在一起记

1) home, house, family

2) state, nation, country, land

3) beautiful, handsome, pretty

4) big, large, great, immense, huge

5) because of, due to, owing to, thanks to

6) stick to, adhere to, persist in, persevere in

3. Remember antonyms together把反义词放在一起记

in – out up – down above – under

ugly – beautiful good – bad white – black

dark – bright high – low long – short

broad – narrow pull – push like – dislike

like – unlike love – hate thick – thin

far – near big – small little – much

few – many weak – strong load – unload

4. Use other memory tricks 运用其他记忆诀窍

together –to get her level –le-v-el

vegetable –vege-table intimate –inti-mate; bosom friend lib/lab –liberation/laboratory frig –refrigerator / ice-box Paralympics –Olympic games for paralitics

medicare –medical care politburo –political bureau

G8 –group of the 8 most developed countries

OPEC –Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

billow pillow willow

million billion trillion

cat cot cut cart

hat hot hut heart

sun: sunrise, sunset, sunflower, sunglasses, sunlamp, sunkissed

R hythm h elps y our h ips m ove.

E. Learn words actively 积极地学习单词

1. Make use of flash cards 利用生词卡

2. Use visual things to help 借助于影像资料

3. Use recorder, walkie-talkie or MP3利用收录机、随身听或MP3

4. Use wall posters with words运用贴在墙上的字条

5. Learn words in context 根据上下文学单词

They are building the bridge. 他们在架桥。

He studies the building of bridge. 他学习建桥学。

The building of bridge on such a wide and swift river is impossible.

在如此宽阔湍急的河上架桥是不可能的。

6. Look up the word in a dictionary, learning its spelling, pronunciation,

parts of speech and its use with other words 查字典,学习词的拼写、读

音、词类和同其他词的用法

7. Extensive reading is most helpful 最有用的是泛读

8. Recite things if you can只要可能就背诵东西

9. Use and practice the words soon after you learn them学到的词立即用

F. Learn words with the help of language knowledge 借助语言知识学习单词

Notice the different expressions of the Chinese character ―大‖. 注意中文字“大”的不同表达法。

1. 大作your work

2. 大田作物field crop

3. 大治great order

4. 大志ambition

5. 大雨heavy rain

6. 大伯uncle

7. 大扫除general cleaning 8. 大事major issue

9. 大干go all out 10. 大大咧咧careless

11. 大臣minister 12. 大菜main course

13. 大嗓门loud voice 14. 大路highway

15. 大白天broad daylight 16. 大清早early in the morning

17. 大败crushing defeat 18. 大白天下known to all

19. 大不了at the worst 20. 大地the earth

21. 大本营base camp 22. 大好风光superb view

23. 大好河山beautiful land 24. 大好时光the golden years

25. 大好形势excellent situation 26. 大规模on a large scale

27. 大纲program/outline 28. 大型企业large enterprise

29. 大手大脚wasteful 30. 大做文章make a big fuss

31. 大庭广众in public 32. 大团圆happy reunion

33. 大人father/adult/Your Ex 34. 大话tall talk

35. 大会mass meeting 36. 大户rich family

37. 大后方rear area 38. 大后天3 days from now

39. 大伙we all/everybody 40. 大方generous/liberal

41. 大门gate/front door 42. 大成问题very doubtful

43. 大打出手strike violently 44.大错特错completely wrong

45. 大红bright red 46. 大海ocean

47. 大小size 48. 大节political integrity

49. 大哥elder brother 50. 大国leading power

II. How to Improve your Reading Ability如何提高你的阅读能力

Reading is probably the single most important skill. It will help your English in many ways. It will increase your knowledge of grammar, idioms, and vocabu- lary. Reading is convenient: you can do it alone wherever and at any time. 阅读可能是唯一最重要的技能。它从多方面帮助你学好英语。它会增加你的语法、成语和词汇知识。阅读很方便:你可以在任何地方任何时候独自阅读。

A.Plan your extensive reading制订泛读计划

1.Choose interesting material; 选择有趣味性的材料

2.Choose things not too difficult; 所选材料不宜太深

3.Read various types of writing: 阅读各种风格的的读物

·science fiction 科幻小说

·love stories 爱情故事

·adventures 冒险故事

·history 历史

·non-fiction 非虚构作品

·poems 诗歌

·novels 小说

4.Read a lot! 大量阅读!

5.Start now! 现在开始!

6.Keep your realistic plan. Don’t give up! 落实现实的计划。别放弃!

7.Newspapers and magazines are very important too: 报刊也很重要

·news stories 新闻故事

·feature articles 专题文章,特写

·interviews 访谈

·letters to the editor 致编者的信

·news report 新闻报道

·film, television and book reviews 电影、电视和书评

·business news 商务新闻

·sport reports 体育报道

One mouthful of food can’t make one fat, but water constantly dripping wears holes in stone. Don’t expect to improve your English ability one day. You will not notice the improvements, but the method will surely help you in the end. That’s what we say, ―Study hard and make progress every day.‖一口吃不成胖子,但滴水穿石。不要期待一天之内就会提高英语能力。您会感觉不到有所长进,但这种方法最终定会让您受益。这就是我们说的,“好好学习,天天向上。”

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b016730739.html,e different reading skills 运用不同的阅读技巧

1.Skimming 浏览

We use this skill when we’re looking through a new piece of writing to

get a quick idea about the content. 当我们扫视一篇新文章,快速了解

其内容时,用这种技巧。

·look at the pictures, if any. 假如有图片的话,看图。

·Look at the title, headline and heading. 看标题、大字标题和小标题

·Look at the first and last lines of the paragraphs where the topic

sentence lies. 看段落的第一行和最后一行,那里是主题句的位置。

2.Scanning 扫视

We use this skill when we are looking through a piece of writing

quickly to find out specific information. For instance, we scan a phone

directory to fine a phone number. 我们用这种技巧快速扫视一篇文

章,寻找具体信息,比如,我们扫视电话簿找电话号码。

·Look for key words. 寻找关键词。

·Use section headings. 运用节标题。

·Glance over the passage. Don’t read every word. 扫视全段,别读每

个词。

3.Study reading 研读

We use this skill when we are reading important material and we

must answer questions about it. 我们在读重要文章,且必须回答有关

它的问题时,用这种技巧。

·Skim it first. 首先浏览它。

·Read it again, slowly, once and twice. 慢慢再读一次,两次。

·Keep in mind when, where, who, what, how and why. 记住什么时

间、什么地点、什么人、发生了什么、如何发生和为什么发生。

·Find the key point and examples. 找出要点和事例。

·Notice the connection of parts. 注意连接部分。

4.Extensive reading 泛读

We use this skill when we are reading for pleasure or the collection of

information for future use. 当我们为了娱乐或为了将来的运用积累

知识时,用这种技巧。

·Read quickly and enjoy the book. 快速阅读,享受书中之乐。

·Needn’t look up every new word. 不别查出每个词的意思。

·Jump over some part boring. 跳过乏味部分。

Now look at the following passage:

Parent-Supporting ―Football Match‖

The cartoon vividly presents a picture how three sons and a daughter treat their old, helpless father. Each of them stands in a different corner of a football field. The eldest son kicks out the father, who huddles up like a ball. The other children are prepared to ward him off. Cruelly, none of them is willing to receive their father.

The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenol- menon in today’s society: many grown-up children refuse to support their aging parents. While they enjoy a comfortable life, their parents are neglected and reduced to utter poverty, as these elderly people have grown so physically weak that they no longer have the means to support themselves. I think these children have betrayed their own conscience and therefore may subject them- selves to social contempt and criticism.

According to Chinese culture, to be kind to one’s parents is virtuously needed. We owe so much to our parents in that they not only gave us life but have done

much in bringing us up. It is against for us to shirk the responsibility of taking care of our parents when they are old. Rather, we have the duty to pay back their love by making their later years enjoyable and happy.

You see, we can guess the content of the passage not necessarily by reading the whole passage, but by looking at the picture. Besides, the title itself – Parent- Supporting ―Football Match‖– reveals what the passage is about.

你看,通过看图我们就可猜出文章的内容,而无须读全文。而且,标题本身-- 《养老“足球赛”》—也揭示文章讲的是什么。

Now let’s glance over the first and last sentences of each paragraph. In the first, we get such idea: ―The cartoon vividly presents a picture how three sons and a daughter treat their old, helpless father.‖―Cruelly, none of them is willing to receive their father.‖The second goes like this: ―The picture is thought- provoking…‖―I think these children have betrayed their own conscience and therefore may subject themselves to social contempt and criticism.‖ In the last paragraph, we read, ―According to Chinese culture, to be kind to one’s parents is virtuously needed.‖―…we have the duty to pay back their love by making their later years enjoyable and happy.‖ Up to now, we have already seen the skeleton of the text, so we might not go into the details of it.

现在,让我们扫视一下每段的首尾两句。在第一段我们得到这样的意思:“漫画生动地呈现了三个儿子和一个女儿如何对待他们孤苦伶仃的老父的画面。”“十分残酷的是,他们中没有人愿意接受他们的父亲。”第二段讲到:“画面发人深省……”“我以为这帮孩子背弃了自己的良心,因此会受到社会的蔑视与批评。”在最后一段,我们读到:“根据中国文化,善待父母是道德所需。”“我们有责任回报父母的爱,使他们的晚年愉快幸福。”到此为止我们已经了解了文章的梗概,没必要读细节了。

III.How to Improve Your Listening 如何提高你的听力

We get information and knowledge in listening and reading. We give out information in speaking and writing. Therefore, it is very important to improve our listening ability.

我们在听和读的过程中获取信息与知识,在说和写的过程中传播信息。因此,提高我们的听力能力是十分重要的。

A.Extensive listening 泛听

1.Listen to spoken English daily. While listening, you needn’t hear and

understand everything. You just train you ear. 每天听口头讲述的英

语。听英语时,无须听懂和理解每一样东西,只是训练你的耳朵。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/b016730739.html,e the English-language media: radio, television, cassettes, CDs,

VCDs, MP3, Walkie-talkie, films, etc. 运用英语媒体:收音机、电视、

录音带、CD、VCD、MP3、随身听、电影,等。

3.Choose material which suits you. Don’t use material too difficult to

you, because that will spoil your interest. 选择适合你的材料,别用太

难的材料,因为那会破坏你的兴趣。

4.Listen to various materials: 听各种各样的材料:

·News reports 新闻报道

·Weather forecasts 天气预报

·Advertisements 广告

·Songs 歌曲

·Sports programs 体育节目

·Phone-in programs 电话点播节目

·Educational programs 教育节目

·Talks, lectures, and speeches 谈话、讲座、讲话

·Stories and plays 故事与戏剧

·Conversations and interviews 会话与访谈

·Discussions 讨论

5.Practice speaking and listening to English-speaking people. 同讲英语

的人练习听说。

6.Try to listen to different accents of spoken English. 尽量听不同口音

讲的英语。

7.Intensive listening is also useful. 精听也很有用处。

B.Listening skills 听力技巧

1.Recognize and understand questions, especially wh-questions. 认清和

理解问题,特别是以what, when, where, who, why类问题。

2.Understand and remember numbers: 理解并记住数目:

·measurements and amounts 量度与计量

·time and date 时间与日期

·graphs, tables and charts 坐标图、表格、图表

·money and prices 钱币与价格

3.Take down useful messages. 记下有用的信息。

4.Notice the directions and locations. 注意方位。

5.Pay attention to the tenses. 注意时态。

6.Pay attention to the description of persons, places or things. 注意对

人物、地点或事物的描述。

IV.How to improve your speaking 如何提高讲英语的能力

Language is the means of communication. Human beings have two ways for communication: spoken and written. Spoken language goes before written one. Spoken language is more direct and convenient for us to communicate with others. We would be mute and deaf if we can’t hear or speak English. That’ll be bad. 语言是交际的工具。人类有两种交际方法:口头和书面。口语先于书面语;要同他人交流,口语更直接,更方便。假如我们听不懂、讲不了英语,我们就会是哑巴和聋子。那会是很糟糕的!

1.Practice listening to good English speakers whenever you can. Just train

your ears. 有时间就练习听道地的英语,只是训练耳朵。

2.Choose easier and interesting material. Practice reading aloud, trying

your best to copy English speaker’s pronunciation and intonation. 选择

简单、有趣的材料。练习朗读,尽力摹仿讲英语的人的发音和语调。

3.Take every chance to speak English. Speak English in and out of class, to

foreigners, in language club, among friends, or to yourself. 抓住一切机

会讲英语,课内课外讲,对外国人讲,在语言俱乐部讲,在朋友之间讲,或者对自己讲。

4.Don’t worry about making mistakes at the beginning. Just open your

mouth and speak. 开始时,别担心犯错误,只要开口讲就成。

5.When you learn a new word, learn how to pronounce it correctly. 学习生

字时,要学会如何正确发音。

6.When you talk, pay attention to the pronunciation of words, the stress,

liaison, loss of explosion, and intonation. 讲话时,注意词的发音、重读、连读、失去爆破和语调。

IV.How to Improve your Writing Skill 如何提高写作技巧

Develop your general English ability by doing lots of reading and writing. If you can write well, you can speak well. A good writing is rich in content, interest- ing and well-organized in expressing, and unified in content and form.

通过大量的阅读和写作,全面提高你的英语能力。假如你文章写得好,你的话也会讲得好。好文章内容丰富,表达风趣严谨,内容和形式统一。

A. The process of writing 写作程序

1. Select the best topic. 选择最好的标题

·Choose the exciting and interesting topic. 选择令人振奋、有趣的题目。

·Choose the one you fully understand at the present. 选择你现在完全

理解的题目。

·Choose the one you can control. 选择你能力所及的题目。

2. Analyse the topic 分析这个题目

·What’s the main idea? 主题思想是什么?

·Who are you supposed to be? 假定你是什么角色?

·What form (essay, letter, story, report, speech, etc.) is required? 需要

什么形式(小品、信函、故事、报告、演讲等)?

·What is the purpose? 目的是什么?

3. Plan your writing 计划写作

·Write an outline (introduction, the body, and the conclusion). 写提纲

(引言、正文和结论)。

·Decide the main points and put them in a logical order. 确定要点并按

逻辑安排顺序。

·Group your points into paragraphs. 把要点分组到段落。

·Don’t drop any necessary part. 别丢了必要部分。

·Plan a good connection of parts. 计划好各部分之间的连接。

4. Start your writing 开头

Start your writing in an attractive and interesting way: 以吸引人和有

趣的方式开头:

·A dramatic piece of direct speech 直接引语之令人注目的片段

·An exciting moment of an action 某行动之令人振奋的时刻

·An unusual fact 非同寻常的事实

·A quotation or proverb 引言或谚语

·A statement you’ll write about 你要写内容的陈述

·A question to focus attention on the topic 围绕题目提出的问题

·A description of an interesting character 对有意义人物的描写

5.Develop your writing 展开

·Remember to use paragraphs. Start a new paragraph for every new argument, new section, new stage in a story, for a new speaker, or every 8 to 10 lines. 记住分段。每个新论点、新片断、故事发展的新

阶段、新的说话人或每隔8至10行要另起一段。

·Make your handwriting clear and easy to read. 书写清楚易读。

·Cover all parts of the question. 涵盖问题的方方面面。

·Use simple and clear English. 采用简单明了的英语。

·Use correct and expressive words. 用准确达意的词。

·Use connective words and phrases to make your parts as a whole.

用连接词和短语把各部分组合成整体。

·Cross all unnecessary things. 删去一切不必要的东西。

6.Conclude your writing 结尾

·Give a summary of the main points. 总结要点。

·Give an exciting or surprising end. 写一个令人振奋或惊奇的结尾。

·Foresee the future development. 预示未来的发展。

·Urge people to take some action. 敦促人们采取某种行动。

·Give some advice or suggestion. 给予劝告或建议。

B. Types of writing 文章种类

1. Information of factual writing 讲述事实的文章

·Give all the information logically. 使所有陈述具有逻辑性。

·Explain any reasons, results or purposes where necessary.

必要时,解释理由、结果或目的。

·Explain what further action is also needed, if relevant.

如与此文相关,说明仍需采取的进一步行动。

·Question-and-answer skill can be used. 可运用问答式技巧。

2. Narrative and imaginative writing 记述和想象类文章

·Give your characters a problem and then show how they solve it.

给文中人物提出问题,在写他们如何解决它。

·Include dramatic action. 包含令人注目的行动。

·Use some direct speech. 用直接引语。

·Plan a good ending. 设计一个好的结尾。

3. Scripts or dialogues (影视)脚本或对话

·Use direct speech all the time. 全部适应直接引语。

·Follow the format you are given. 遵照给出的设计。

·Write in the way people talk 按人们讲话的方式写。

4. Argumentative writing 议论文

·Decide whether one or both sides should take part in the argument.

确定参加议论的是一方还是双方。

·Give reasonable and acceptable opinions, not extreme ideas.

提供合理的、可以接受的意见,而不是极端的思想。

·Support general ideas with interesting specific examples.

为笼统的思想提供有趣的具体事例。

·Don’t go to extreme. 别走极端。

·Be sure you can manage such kind of writing. Otherwise, you may

choose other type of writing. 确信你能驾驭此类文章。否则,可以选

择其他类型的文章。

5. Debate speech 辩论发言

·Make your writing be a speech. 把文章写成发言。

·Try to defeat your opponent. 力求战胜对手。

·Give lots of specific, interesting or amusing examples.

提供大量具体的、有意义的或有趣的例子。

6. Descriptive writing 描述性文章

·Describe the place, person, or scene in detail.

对地方、人物或场景进行细节描写。

·Use your five senses: sound, sight, smell, taste, and touch.

运用你的五种官能:听觉、视觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。

·Add short but vivid description. 给予短小、生动的描述。

·You need a large vocabulary. 你要有很大的词汇量。

7.Persuasive writing 劝说性文章

·Use descriptive verbs and adjectives when necessary.

需要时,采用描述性的动词和形容词。

·Give reasons why people should do or buy something.

提供人们应该做某事或买某件东西的理由。

·Use emotional description, facts, figures, and examples.

采用动情的描述、事实、数据和例子。

·Tell the effectiveness and results. 讲明影响和结果。

Some Suggestions:

If you want to study English well, you should be:

1. Self-confident. God has given you what others have: heart, brain, eyes, ears,

mouth, hands, just everything. So you can certainly do and achieve what-

ever others can. There is no idiot of fool, but coward or lazy-bones. Remem- ber: all difficulties are like springs that bend at you will.

2. Enthusiastic. You should first of all like English as air, food, water and your love. Only when you love something, can you sacrifice your time, energy, even your life for it. If you feel bad of it, if you hate it, you would try your utmost to avoid it. Then how can you exert yourself for it?

3. Curious. Curiosity is often the spring of passion and progress. It often kindles up your desire for truth and knowledge. You are urged to master new words, new expressions and new usages. You may easily learn by heart what you feel curious about.

4. Active and attentive. If you are curious, enthusiastic and self-confident to English study, you will learn the language actively and attentively. If you are passive, you can’t be attentive. If you are absent-minded, you can’t sink deep into truth and knowledge.

5. Daring and persistent. You might only be a beginner in English learning. You might meet untold difficulties, but if you are daring, nothing can scare you. Daring and persistent, you can surely study English well.

高三英语上学期期末考试试题(1)

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