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英语修辞方法2

英语修辞方法2
英语修辞方法2

修辞方法Rhetorical Devices (2)

Personification

It is to treat a thing or an idea as if it were human or had human qualities.

1. Youth is hot and bold; Age is weak and cold. Youth is wild, and Age is tame. -----William Shakespeare

2. The match will soon be over and defeat is staring us in the face.

3. This time fate was smiling to him.

4. Thunder roared and a pouring rain started.

5. Dusk came stealthily.

6. The storm was raging and angry sea was continuously tossing their boat.

7. The sun kissed the green fields.

8. The thirsty desert drank up the water.

9. The youth were singing, laughing and playing the music instruments.

10. The trees and flowers around them danced heartily as if touched by merry mood.

11. The night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand at our fevered head.

12. Ill-gotten wealth is but an evil friend.

13. The leaves are trembling in the cold wind.

14. The storm was so angry that it wanted to destroy everything in the cold wind.

15. The thirsty soil drank in the rain.

1.The waves were dimpling in the sunshine. (泛起笑窝)

2.The green mountains were dancing, and the rivers and lakes smiling.

3.The rose blushes in the morning breeze.

4.Time will tell.

5.On the table lay some dog-eared books.

6.The wind sighed in the tree tops.

7.The moon is riding in the sky.

8.The lamb nodded as I came home.

9.Pride goes before a fall.

10.Success, health, and happiness are beckoning to you.

11.Poetry is the queen of arts.

12.Truth never grows old.

Zoosemy

Opposite to personification, it is to treat a human as an object, like an animal, a plant, an inanimate thing, or an abstract idea.

1. “A lucky dog you are!” exclaimed Jim.

2. Terribly hungry, the man wolfed down all the cakes.

3. Children are flowers of our country.

4. She found in him model and admiration.

5. His spoilt children are rotten goods that will never prosper.

6. Like a lion he rushed to meet his foe.

7. He slept like a dog.

8. The prostitutes are nothing but paper toys, played, ruined, torn, and thrown into the garbage can.

9. She is shedding crocodile tears.

10. Children are always eager to ape others.

11. He is a bookworm.

Euphemism

It is the substitution of a mild or vague expression for a harsh or unpleasant one, for example:

to die to pass away, to leave us, one’s heart has stopped beating, to fall asleep

old people senior citizens, gray hair

mad emotionally disturbed

madhouse mental hospital

whore working girl/call girl/business girl/pavement princess

dustman sanitation worker

prostitutes entertainer

lavatory bathroom, men’s/women’s room, dressing room, restroom, water closet Invasion, raid military action

Driving inhabitants away or controlling them pacification

concentration camps strategic hamlets

graveyard Memorial park; memory park

First Class (飞机上的豪华舱) Deluxe class/ Premium Class

Second Class The First Class

Third Class Business Class/Economic Class/Tourist Class

make love with/ have sex with go to bed with/sleep with

to be pregnant to be expecting

secondhand store resale store

garbage collector sanitation engineer

maid/housekeeper domestic help/day-help/live-in help

1.He is a bit slow for his age. (他反应较慢)

2.He/She is a stout/plump man/woman.

3.I have to pay a call./ I’d like to be excused./ I have to retire for a moment./ where

is the restroom?/ may I wash hands?

4.His father passed away last week and is going to be laid to rest next Sunday.

5.“What do you think of the roast duck?”“Not bad.”

6.Your grammar is not particularly good.

7.They parted after two years of marriage.

8.Sometimes I think she sticks too much to her principles.

9.I am afraid he has misrepresented the facts.

10.He used poor judgment wherever he went.

11.He worked and worked until he breathed his last.

12.They laid down their lives for their country.

13.And, in being low water, he went out with the tide.

It is obvious that those euphemisms used by the ordinary people are meant to soften harsh reality, but those used by politicians may aim at deceiving the public. Alliteration

with might and main 尽全力neck and nothing 铤而走险地

rough and ready粗糙但尚能用的,卤莽但还有能力的

as blind as a bat 有眼无珠

as large as life 与原物一般大小;千真万确

bite the bullet 死撑硬挺,啃硬骨头

put into practice 实行,实施

1.His writing is clear and clean.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bd16906568.html, trade policy is often viewed as inconsistent, incoherent and incomprehensible

to other countries.

3.Time and tide wait for no man.

4.He proved to be a slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloth.

5.They got the work through with dash and daring regardless of the cost or

consequences.

6.He is huge and humorous.

7.She is both small and stupid.

8.My father is always healthy and happy.

Overstatement and understatement

In overstatement, the diction exaggerates the subject, and in understatement, the words play down the magnitude or value of the subject. Overstatement is also called hyperbole. Both overstatement and understatement aim at the same effect: to make the statement or description impressive or interesting.

1.She is dying to know what job has been assigned her.

2.On hearing that he had passed the CET 6, he whispered to himself, “I am the

luckiest man in the world.”

3.The millionaire spent a few dollars to build this indoor pool.

4.The funny stories made all the audience laugh off their head.

5.His parents praised his performance to the skies.

More about Hyperbole

Thank you Thanks a million

They laughed heartily. They almost died laughing.

I am hungry. I am starving.

1. From his mouth flowed speech sweeter than honey.

2. So great is he that the sun’s brilliance seemed dim by comparison.

3. The two sisters are different in a thousand and one ways.

4. In the spring I have counted one hundred and thirty-six kinds of weather inside of

four-and-twenty hours. (Mark Twain)

More about Understatement

1. That is no laughing matter. (That’s a serious matter.)

2. She was not without ambition. (She was quite ambitious.)

3. This piece of work is nothing to be proud of. (It is disgraceful.)

4. Sorry, this is in fact more than I can promise. (I cannot promise.)

Transferred Epithet

An epithet is an adjective or descriptive phrase that serves to characterize somebody or something. A transferred epithet is one that is shifted from the noun it logically modifies to a word associated with that noun. When one says that he has had a busy day, one is using a figure of speech. For it is the person, not the day, that is busy.

“移就修饰”/“转移修饰”/“移就”。这种修饰语不直接说明它所修饰的对象的性质、形象或特色,而往往转个弯子去表示该对象给人的感觉。

a dizzy height: a height is dizzy (F)

a height that causes people to feel dizzy (T)

a sleepless bed: a bed that is sleepless (F)

a bed on which the sleeper has little sleep (T)

由于人的不同感觉器官相互联系密切,移就修饰经常把与甲种器官相关的修饰语转移到了乙种感觉。

A sweet voice (表示味觉的形容词转移到了听觉)

An icy/sharp look (表示触觉的形容词转移到了视觉)

Cold words (表示触觉的形容词转移到了听觉)

Dark silence (表示视觉的形容词转移到了听觉)

1.She was so worried about her son that she spent several sleepless nights.

2.In this quiet laziness he suddenly remembered that strange word.

3.The assistant kept a respectable distance from his boss when they were walking

in the corridor.

4.He said “yes” to the question in an unthinking moment.

5.The old man put a comforting hand on my shoulder.

6.The big man crashed down on a protesting chair.

7.There was an amazed silence. Slowly, Alexander turned away.

8.Her unfriendly words annoyed her.

英语18种重要修辞手法

18种重要修辞手法 一、语义修辞 1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。例如: 1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field. 2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。 2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。例如: 1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.(他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。) 2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。) 3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper. 由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。如:He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然,前句是暗喻,后句是明喻。暗喻时,比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄,猛一看它们毫无关系,实际却有着某种内在联系。 谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。 (1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。比如: There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。) 这个例子中对闪电的比喻就用了三个喻体,spring of a serpen t(动态),shout of a fiend(声音),green as an emerald(颜色),它们从不同角度绘声绘色地把闪电呈现在读者面前。由此可见,多喻体的使用其优势是单一喻体所无法比拟的。它可以多角度、多侧面、多层次、多结构地表现主体。 (2)延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释,延喻即make a n initial c omparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s id ea(作出初次比较再扩展,以延伸作者的意图)。请看下例: A photographer is a cod, which produces a million eggs in order that one may reach maturity. (摄影师像鳕鱼,产卵百万为的是长成一条。) 摄影师通常拍片成堆,难觅一成功之作,似鳕鱼产卵无数,长成者廖廖。故萧伯纳把摄影师先比作cod,再进一步用cod的习性比喻之,生动地道出了摄影师的艰辛。这里which后的从句就显示了延喻的功能。 与一般比喻相比延喻的使用更复杂。一般比喻只需抓住主、喻体之间的相似之处,延喻不仅要注意比喻本身,还要注意延伸部分是否与喻体保持了一致。也就是说,延伸部分应当是喻体的一部分,不能游离于其外。 延喻的构成分以下几种: ①由动词构成

英语修辞手法的解释和例句

英语修辞手法的解释和例句 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉

高级英语学习方法

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最新英语中19种修辞手法和例句

1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily-like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化) 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化) 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

英语修辞手法讲解

英语19种修辞手法解读 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。 I。以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。 II。以资料。工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。 III。以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI。以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般。 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory。(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人。 2>.He is the Newton of this century。(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿。 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap。(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视。听.触。嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物。通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile -简明英汉词典['s?m?li:] n. (使用like或as等词语的)明喻 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor -简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻

暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4夸张(the exaggeration) exaggeration -英汉双向大词典 D.J.[?g?z?d???re???n] - exaggeration n. 1.夸张,夸大 2.夸张的言语;夸张的手法 - Exaggeration n. 夸张;夸大 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:

英语修辞学-亚里士多德的三种说服方式知识讲解

英语修辞学-亚里士多德的三种说服方式

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英语修辞学(定)

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英语中的修辞手法

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英语修辞大全

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英语文学中得修辞手法

一、明喻(simile)是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似 关系,两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等, 补充: 二、隐喻(metaphor)这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写, 甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。 补充: 三、提喻(synecdoche)又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或 以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象。四、拟人(personification)这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一。五、夸张(hyperbole)这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果。六、叠言(rhetorical repetition)这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中,将相同的结构,相同意义词组成句子重叠使用,以增强语气和力量。七、借代(metonymy)是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。八、双关语(pun)是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。九、拟声(onomatcpocia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。十、讽刺(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果。十一、通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官的心理感受。十二、头韵法(alliteration)在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感。 英语修辞手法 1) Simile:(明喻)It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country./ This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 2) Metaphor:(暗喻)It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage./ The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 3) Analogy: (类比)It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance. 4) Personification: (拟人)It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.

翻译专业考研资料

翻译专业本科教育为四年,一、二年级的学生必须修读英语系的核心技能课程和基础国情课程, 以继续雕琢英语的听说读写基本功并增进对英语国家社会文化的了解,同时,他们还必须修读专 门设计的小班讲授的中文课程以拓展并提升自己的母语修养。随着基础阶段教学的推进,本专业 的学生将于二年级后半期开始接受口笔译的基础训练;进入三四年级后,他们除了每周8小时的专 题笔译以及各种形式口译的高强度训练外,还需要修读以英文讲授的英语语言和文学、社会和文 化研究、国际政治与经济、国际新闻与传播等领域的选修课程以拓宽知识面,以及各种翻译专业 课程以提升学科意识和从业潜力。本科就业去向包括各大部委、各级政府或企事业单位的翻译或 外事部门、中国驻外机构、涉外出版社、传媒单位、网络媒体的海外部、涉外企业以及跨国公司,具体从事口笔译或更广义的与语言文字相关的设计、策划、咨询、跨文化交流等工作。 (三十九) 翻译理论导论 课程编号:YYY2071 课程名称:翻译理论导论 教学目的与内容: 本课程是一门理论与实践紧密结合的课程,主要内容是用理论来指导实践,通过实践来掌握理论,通过一年的翻译教学使学生掌握最基本的翻译理论,教学内容包括介绍我国翻译的历史、发展、现状和前瞻,翻译的标准和原则,翻译家所应具备的素质,英汉语言对比的分析,英语国家文化特点的汉译,直译与意译,以及翻译的基本过程与过程。如:阅读理解原文——通过上下文来理清词义——最后以汉语语言习惯表达原义等,以语言学理论为指导,在词、词组、句子、篇章四个层次上进行翻译实践,除教材外,可适时补充一些适时性强的新材料(如国际时势评论、科技发展动态等),增强学生对翻译理论的理解。 使用教材 刘宓庆:《当代翻译理论》,中国对外翻译出版公司,1999年 刘宓庆:《文体与翻译》,中国对外翻译出版公司,1986年 参考书目 Eugene A. Nida, Language, Culture, And Translation, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. John I. Saeed, Semantics, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000. Mona Baker, In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation,Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000. 黄忠廉:《翻译变体研究》,中国对外翻译出版公司,2001年 思果:《翻译研究》,中国对外翻译出版公司,2001年 考核方式: 平时成绩占30%,期末考试成绩占70%。 (四十)英汉语言文化对比研究 课程编号:YYY2081 课程名称:英汉语言文化对比研究 教学目的与内容: 鉴于翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析的基础上,本课程旨在通过对英汉两种语言在语法、修辞、文化以及思维方式等方面的对比研究,帮助学生提高英汉双向翻译的水平,要求学生对汉英两种语言各自的特点和之间的相同或相似之处进行较为详细的分析,找出其规律,以期达到更有效地从事口笔译的工作。本课程的主要以讲座和讨论的方式授课,本课程内容大致分为四个部分:词汇对比:包括词汇总特征;构词法;词汇语义学对比,语法对比:包括句型对比;时间概念表达对比;句子成分对比,修辞对比:包括夸张手法、委婉手法和逻辑关系表述对比,语篇对比:包括连贯性、思维的逻辑性、文体的多样性对比。

英语中19种修辞手法及解释

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

英语专业考研 英语十六种修辞手法解读

英语专业考研英语十六种修辞手法解读 文章语句有了修辞,就像给素描加上了丰富的色彩,变得曼妙动人,所以,写作造句中我们要善于使用修辞手法。英语有16种比较常用的修辞手法,今天和大家讲一下其中的8种修辞手法,以及解释和例句,它们分别是: Simile明喻 Metaphor隐喻,暗喻 Metonymy转喻 Synecdoche提喻 Synesthesia通感 Personification拟人 Hyperbole夸张 Parallelism排比,平行 Euphemism委婉,婉辞法 Allegory讽喻,比方 Irony反语 Pun双关 Rhetorical question修辞疑问 Antithesis对照,对比,对偶 Paradox似是而非 Oxymoron矛盾修饰法 Climax渐进法,层进法 Anticlimax渐降法。 1.Simile明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。 标志词常用like,as,seem,as if,as though,similar to,such as等。例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on,as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast,but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted,others swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils.水开了. 2>.The room sat silent.全屋人安静地坐着.

英语中常见的修辞手法11928

英语中常见的修辞手法 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 借代(metonymy) 借代是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。借代是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patien t begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4 夸张(hyperbole) 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:Most American remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.(在大多数美国人的心目中,马克.吐温是位伟大作家,他描写哈克.费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆.索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。)(eternal和endless都是夸张用语,表示哈克.费恩童年时期田园般的旅游和汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。) 5 拟人(personification) 所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写,赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。例如:The first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautiful flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.(新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.)(采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更为生动,表达更富情感.) The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.(萧瑟的秋风吹落了枝叶,藤上几乎是光秃秃的。) (这里作者运用了拟人手法,将秋天比做人,秋天吹出的寒冷的呼吸就是秋风。语言表达生动、有力,让人有身处其境的感觉)(大学英语第三册第六课课文A) 6 反语(irony) 反语就是说反话,用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。有的时候可以达到讽刺的意味。例如: “What fine weather for an outing!”(计划了一个美好的出游却被一场大雨搅和了,于是出现了上面的这句话,通过反语达到讽刺的效果,从而更能够反映出当时的无奈与沮丧。)

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