名词性从句
名词性从句
一、概念
根据名词性从句在句子中的成分，名词性从句共有四种，分别是主语从句, 表语从句, 宾语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句的关联词有连接词that, if, whether，不充当名词性从句中的任何成分; 连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose在名词性从句中担任如主语、表语、宾语、定语成分；连接副词when, where, why, how，在名词性从句中作状语。
注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if （好像）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。
二、规则列举：
（一）主语从句
主语从句在整个句子中做主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，也可由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。
引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether; 连接代词who, what, which; 连接副词when, where, how, why等。
That Jim Corrigan is capable of his work is known to all.
Whether he is admitted into Cambridge or not is still a mystery.
Who offered to help us made no difference.
What they did made the emperor rather angry.
Which athlete will attend the opening ceremony is still unknown.
When the sports meeting will be held is under discussion.
Where they are going is not known yet.
How this accident happened is not clear.
Why Michelangelo turned down the invitation wasn’t quite clear.
1、It作形式主语引导的主语从句
(1)It+ be + noun +主语从句
(a pity, a shame, a fact, common knowledge, good news, no wonder…)
It is a pity that you didn’t come.
It is a question whether she will come or not.
It is no wonder that he won the first prize.
(2)It + be + adj. + 主语从句
(likely, wonderful, nice, possible…*important, necessary, essential, strange, natural…) It is still unknown which team will win the game.
It is strange that he said nothing to us when he met us on the way home.
It is necessary that we (should) learn a foreign language.
It is strange that you should like him.
(3) It + be + p.p. +主语从句
(said, reported, believed, ordered, suggested, decided, known, found, pointed out…) It is said that his house was broken in last week.
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It is still unknown which team will win the championship.
It is reported that 81% of the employees are dissatisfied with their pay.
(4)It + Vi + 主语从句(seem, appear, happen, tur n out, matter…)
It seemed that he had got the first prize.
It doesn’t matter whether you agree or not.
2、主语从句中谓语动词的单复数问题
That he is an actor is known to us all.
What we need is water.
What we need is more time and money.
What we need are more books.
3、其他注意点
(1)that 的问题
that 在主语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只是单纯的连接词，但是通常不可以省略。主语从句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
That the driver could not control his war was obvious.
(2)if 的问题
if不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether
Whether he has left (or not) is unknown
（二）表语从句
表语从句出现在系动词后，充当句子中的表语。
由that引导，起引导作用的that有时可省略。表语从句的连接词还有whether, as if; 连接代词who, what, which; 连接副词when, where, why, how等。
The fact is (that) nobody likes it.
The question is whether he will accept the offer.
The problem is who is willing to undertake the task.
1、用as, as if/ as though 引导的表语从句(*表语从句不用if引导)
It looks as if it is/were going to rain.
He looked as if he was/were going to cry.
Things were not as they seemed to be.
2、用because引导的表语从句It/This/That is because…
It is because you are doing too much.
That is because he is seriously ill.
3、系动词为appear, look, seem的两个常用句型
It seems/appears that….：
It looks/seems as if/as though……
4、主语为reason的表语从句，只能用that引导，不用because, why引导。
The reason (why/for which…) is that…:
The reason for his absence is that he has been badly injured.
One reason why Hamlet is such a successful play is that it appeals to many different people.
(三) 宾语从句
宾语从句在及物动词，形容词和介词后，做其宾语。
引导宾语从句的连接词有连词that, whether, if; 连接代词who, whose, what, which;
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连接副词when, where, why, how等。
I asked when we would go.(动词宾语)
They are surprised at what he said.(介词宾语)
We ran to the station only to find that the train had just left.(不定式宾语)
Not realizing what had happened, she was totally at a loss.(分词宾语)
The mother likes saying that she has a good son.(动名词宾语)
I am sure that he will beat his rival.(形容词宾语)
1、宾语从句中的时态问题
宾语从句中的时态与主句中谓语动词的时态相呼应，但若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外，始终用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
2、whether和if的问题
(1)引导宾语从句，可互换，均表示“是否”；或在“be+形容词”之后。
I am not sure whether/if he will come.
I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.
(2)只用whether的情况
A.在主语从句中：
Whether he c omes to the party hasn’t been known yet.
Whether they agree to the plan isn’t clear.
*It为形式主语时，则whether, if都能引导主语从句：
It hasn’t been decided whether/if she will attend the meeting.
B.在表语从句中：
The question is whether you have time to do the work.
The question is whether the novel is worth reading.
C.在同位语从句中：
We had no idea whether he had gone to work.
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.
D.在不定式前：She still doesn’t know whether to go or not.
E.在介词后(介词往往可省略)：
It all depends (on) whether they will support us.
It depends on whether you have time to read the books.
F.在or not 前：
We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.
G.用if有歧义时：
Please tell me if you want the book.如果你要这本书，请告诉我。/ 请告诉我你是否要这本书。Please tell me whether you want the book. 请告诉我你是否要这本书。
(3)用if的情况
A.在条件状语从句中：If it rains, we will stay at home.
B.如宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导
I care if he will not attend the meeting.
I don’t care if it doesn’t rain.
C.区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句
I don’t know if he will come.
If he comes, I’ll let you know.
(4)doubt后接宾语从句时whether, if, that的用法
A.主句为肯定，whether, if 皆可:
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I doubt whether/if he is honest.我怀疑他是否诚实。 B.主句为否定或疑问，用that:
I don’t doubt that he is honest.我相信他是诚实的。
Do you doubt that he is honest? 你对他的诚实感到怀疑吗？
C.主句为肯定句时用that, 表“认为未必可能”:
I doubt that he is honest.我认为他未必诚实。
3、当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause, that不可省略
I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.
I thought it important that we should study hard.
He always takes it for granted that he can achieve a lot without making any effort. We find it necessary that we (should) practice English every day.
4、宾语从句中否定转移的问题
A、当主句主语为I, we ，主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等表看法的动词，且从句为否定义时，从句中谓语动词的否定词转移至主句谓语处。
I don’t think he will win the game, will he?
I don’t think you are right, are you?
*I didn’t say he would come, did I?
B、hope无否定转移。
5、that在宾语从句中的省略问题。
一般情况下，that可省略，但由and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，仅可省略第一个连词that，后面的that不能省。
He said (that) he had eaten nothing b ut that he wasn’t hungry.
6、宾语从句种的语序问题
宾语从句中用陈述句语序:
He wants to know what I did last night.
I don’t know who cleaned the room.
*He asked what was the matter with you./ *He asked what was the trouble with you. *He asked what was wrong with you. / *He asked what was up with you.
(四)同位语从句
在句子中作某些名词的同位语，对前面的名词的内容作进一步说明或解释。用在fact, news, idea, hope, belief, thought, doubt, truth, order, suggestion, word, conclusion, problem, question, evidence, opinion, reason, possibility等名词之后。
连接词用that ,不用which。有时用连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, 连接代词what引导同位语从句。
The fact that he died shouldn’t be for gotten.
She asked the reason why there was a delay.
The problem whether the material can be used hasn’t been solved.
I had no idea what a successful woman she was.
1、同位语从句的位置
A.紧跟在被说明的名词后
There is no doubt that he will come.
The fact that you told me a lie surprised me.
B.不紧跟在名词后
The story goes that he has won a million dollars.
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Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.
2、that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别：
同位语从句中that不可以省略，不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.
The news that our team has won the game is encouraging.
（同位语从句）
We are interested in the news (that) he told us.
The news (that) he told us is encouraging.
（定语从句）
3、when, where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
在定语从句中，when, where前分别有表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系
They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句)
Finally came the day that he had to begin his study for the next term. (同位语从句) Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定语从句)
The day when China was founded will never be forgotten. (定语从句)
(五)其他注意点
1、疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句
No matter where I go, my heart is towards China.=Wherever I go, my heart is towards China.
Whatever he says, I will believe him.= No matter what he says, I will believe him. (∨)I believe whatever he says. (×)I believe no matter what he says.
2、who与whoever的区别
who是“谁”的意思，表示具有疑问，whoever相当于anyone who“无论谁”Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
Can you tell me who that gentleman is?
3、当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时，引导词通常用what，也常用all that, anything that或the thing(s) that
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.
Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.
4、区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句
强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was… that，句子仍然成立。但It为形式主语的主语从句不行。
It is only lately that he has had a family himself.
What was it that he wanted? I don’t know what it was that he wanted.
It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem. （强调句）It is natural that they (should) have different views. (主语从句)
5、it 作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句的不同
It is known to all that the earth is round.
As is known to all/ As we all know, the earth is round.
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三、配套练习题
A基础过关
1．____he does at the news conference has nothing to do with his partners.
A. whatever
B. No matter what
C. That
D. If
2. The chief engineer came over and asked the staff involved in the riot
how____.
A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about
C. had the quarrel come about
D. had the quarrel come about
3. As is known to all, energy is ____makes things work.
A. what
B. something
C. anything
D. that
4. Information has been put forward ____ more employees will be laid off because of the current economic crisis.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. as
5. This is ___the Shenzhou VII Spaceship landed.
A. there
B. in which
C. where
D. when
6. They have no idea at all____.
A. where the precious stone has gone
B. where did the precious stone go
C. which place has the precious stone gone
D. where has the precious stone gone
7. The well-known surgeon did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.
A. that
B. which
C. of which
D. of that
8. The order came ___ the soldiers ____ the small village the next morning.
A. that…had to leave
B. that…should leave
C. /… must leave
D. when… should leave
9. ___is no possibility ____a player without proper training can become the champion in the match.
A. There; that
B. It; that
C. there; whether
D. It; whether
10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our new project.
A. that
B. which
C. whether
D. if
11. Is _____he said really true?
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. whether
12.____the meeting should last two days or two weeks doesn’t matter.
A. That
B. Whether
C. If
D. Where
13. It worried her a lot _____her hair was turning gray.
A. while
B. if
C. that
D. for
14. _____more developing countries and areas can make reasonable use of natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A. Whether
B. This
C. who
D. If
15.____he had volunteered to work in the earthquake-stricken area moved all of us.
A. What
B. That
C. Whether
D. If
16. ____you don’t like his way of speaking is none of my business.
A. What
B. That
C. Who
D. How
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17.____all the famous people have in common is ____they are honest and persevering.
A. What; what
B. That; that
C. what; that
D. That ; what
18. ____appeared to me that the weather here didn’t agree with me.
A. What
B. It
C. All that
D. That
19. It is widely ______that there is no need to take vitamin pills if we can get enough nutrition from our diet.
A. believed
B. think
C. say
D. hoped
20. ____caused the accident on the high way is still a complete mystery.
A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Where
B能力拓展
1.____the PLA men always serve the people whole-heartedly is known to us.
A. What
B. That
C. Which
D. Who
2.____has passed the test will get a prize .
A. Whoever
B. No matter who
C. Whomever
D. Who
3.Is____ true that the distinguished scientist, the Nobel Prize winner, will give us
a lecture next week?
A. that
B. it
C. his
D. he
4.It has not been decided ___ they will operate on the dying bear which was caught in the mountain.
A. when
B. why
C. that
D. what
5. Obviously, ___ students do long distance running every day ___ them good to some extent.
A. that do
B. if; do
C. what; does
D. that; dose
6. It is said ____ ____ was all ___ he said.
A. that; that; that
B. what; what; what
C. that; which; what
D. that; that; which
7. The just-married young couple agree ___ gets home first is to cook the supper.
A. who
B. whom
C. those who
D. whoever
8. ____ surprised us most was ___ he should have taken good care of the old man for more than twenty years.
A. That; that
B. What; that
C. What; what
D. That; what
9.___ you did it is not known to all.
A. Who
B. What
C. How
D. Which
10. _______ is worth doing is worth doing well.
A How B. That C. Whatever D. Why
11. The reason why I intend to undertake the task is ______ my friends will be disappointed if I don’t.
A. because
B. that
C. thanks to
D. what
12. What time do you think____ once again?
A. will the family get together
B. the family will get together
C. is the family getting together
D. can the family get together
13. The teacher said that light___ faster than sound.
A. has traveled
B. traveled
C. had traveled
D. travels
14. _____ is still a question___ will win.
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A. It… that
B. It…who
C. That…who
D. This…that
15. If you know___ it was that wrote Jane Eyre, please raise your hand.
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. that
16. In the countries concerned, ______ are called “public schools” are actually
not owned by the state.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
17. Thinking _____ you know_____ in fact you don’t is a terrible mistake.
A. that…that
B. what…what
C. that…what
D. what…that
18. Whether measures will be taken to stop pollution or not is just _____ worries the public.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. what
19. Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?
A. that
B. what
C. that
D. it
20. _____ David says sounds right to Helen. That’s why she has made up her
mind to leave with him___ happens.
A. whatever…whatever
B. No matter what…whatever
C. No matter what…n o matter what
D. Whatever… however四.答案
C经典回眸
1.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is " programmed” to
make us do so. (07上海高考)
A.when
B. why
C. whether
D. that
2._______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A.That
B. What
C. Whether
D. Where
3.Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ____ they are not managed
carefully.
A.though
B. before
C. until
D. if
4.His movie won several awards at the film festival, ________ was beyond his
wildest dream.
A.which
B. that
C. where
D. it
5.Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our
language.
A.as
B. that
C. which
D. where
6.A dozen ideas were considered ______ the chief architect decided on the design of
the building. (06上海高考)
A.because
B. before
C. whether
D. unless
7.One advantage of playing the guitar is _______ it can give you a great deal of
pleasure.
A.how
B. why
C. that
D. when
8.In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to
reach.
A.where
B. when
C. which
D. what
9.My parents were quarrelling about me ________ I could not quite tell why.
A.since
B. though
C. if
D. until
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10.He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ______ his
teammates had done.
A.what
B. which
C. why
D. while
11.He transplanted the little tree to the garden _______ it was the best time for it.
(05上海高考)
A.where
B. when
C. that
D. until
12.If a shop has chairs _______ women can park their men, women will spend more
time in the shop.
A.that
B. which
C. when
D. where
13.As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ____ he will do or
think.(08上海)
A.what
B. which
C. whom
D. that
14.It has been proved ________ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you
against serious illnesses in later life.
A.if
B. because
C. when
D. that
D中译英
1.尽管时代变化了,但是我怀疑在有些地方女孩是否和男孩一样地被对待.(value)
2.据说那个著名的韩国女明星是因为网络流言而自杀的。(It)
3.研究人员无法否认这一事实，全球变暖导致了自然灾害数量的上升。(lead)
4.传统的观点是孩子吃得越多，他们的身体就越健康。(view)
5.交通事故发生的时候，那对年轻夫妇恰巧在现场。(occur)
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参考答案：
基础过关1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA
能力拓展1—5 BABAD 6—10 ADBCC 11—15 BBDBC 16—20 DCDDA
经典: 1-5 DBDAB 6-10 BCCBA 11-14 BDAD
translation:
1.Although the time has changed, I wonder whether girls are valued as much as
boys in some places.
2.It is said that the famous Korean star committed suicide because of the rumors on
the Internet.
3.Researchers cannot deny the fact that the global warming has led to an increase in
the number of the natural disasters.
4.The traditional view is that the more children have, the healthier they will be.
5.It occurred that the young couple were on the scene when the traffic accident
happened.
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