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人教版-八年级下-英语-第一单元section-B-讲义

鼎力教育八年级小班课外辅导曾老师

Unit 1 what’s the matter （Section B）

教学目标:1.语言知识目标：能掌握SectionB的单词及词组；能掌握以下句型：进一步了解文中出现的定语从句，时间状语从句等；理解文章的含义。

2. 能力目标：提高学生的阅读能力，即理解文章的能力；总结归纳文章中知识点的能力。

3. 情感目标：培养学生敢于面对生活中出现的挫折的精神，拥有坚强的意志力。四、教学重难点

1. 教学重点：Master the key vocabulary and expressions.掌握重要词汇及表达

2. 教学难点：定语从句、时间状语从句以及宾语从句的理解及反身代词的用法

一.Review（复习）上节课的单词及重要内容

二.SectionB单词学习

1.bandage ['b?nd?d?] n. & v. 绷带；用绷带包扎

2.sick [s?k] adj. 患病的，不适的

3.knee [ni:] n. 膝盖

4.nosebleed [?n??zbli:d] n. 鼻出血

5.breathe [bri:e] v. 呼吸

6.sunburned [?s?nb?:nd] adj. 晒伤的

7.ourselves [ɑ:?selvz] pron. 我们自己

（we的反身代词）8.climber [?kla?m?(r)] n. 登山者9.be used to 习惯于…适应于…10.risk [r?sk] n. & v. 风险，危险；冒险11.take risks(take a risk) 冒险12.accident [??ksid?nt] n. 意外事件；事故13.situation [?sitju?ei??n] n. 状况，形式，情况14.kg=kilogram [?k?l?gr?m] n. 公斤，千克15.rock [r?k] n. 岩石16.run out (of) 用尽，耗尽17.knife [naif] n. 刀，餐刀18.cut off 切除19.blood [bl?d] n. 血20.mean [mi:n] v. 意味着，意思是，意欲21.get out of 离开，从…出来22.importance [?m?p?:tns] n. 重要性

23.decision [d?'s??n] n. 决心，决定，抉择 24.control [k?n'tr??l] v. 控制，支配，操纵

24.be in control of 掌管，管理 25.spirit ['sp?r?t] n. 勇气，意志

26.death [deθ]n. 死亡27.give up 放弃

28.nurse [n?:s] n. 护士

三、把下列短语翻译成中文

1.be used to _________

2.take risks _________

3.run out (of)__________

4. cut off _________

5.get out of ___________

6. be in control of______________

7.keep on ( doing sth.）_________

8. give up ____________

语言知识归纳：

Section B

Someone got hit on the head.

1. someone 不定代词。不定代词的用法

2. get hit 为系表结构,“ get hit +in/on +the +身体部位”表示某人某部位受伤。The soldier got hit in the shoul-der.

这一句型相当于：hit sb on on/in the +身体部位The stone hit him on the head.

3. hit 表示“轰动一时的成功的人或事”The song was a hit at once.

He hurt himself in P.E class. 他上体育课时受伤了。

1. hurt用法

(1).动词：to cause physical pain to sb/yourself; to injure sb/ yourself 使疼痛，受伤，过去式: hurt, 过去分

词: hurt.

eg: Mary hurt herself when she was playing basketball. /My leg hurts.

(2). 形容词：

① injured physically (身体上)受伤的，No people were hurt.

②感情上受伤的，相当于upset. She was deeply hurt that she was not invited.

2.himself 为反身代词。在句子中常做同位语或宾语。强调主语自身发出的动作，因此反身代词应该和

句子的主语在人称上保持一致。

He is going to buy himself a new computer. (做宾语)

I myself did this work. (做同位语)

【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。

【用法】

1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。

如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。

如：She isn’t quite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。

如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己

teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.

hurt oneself摔伤自己

say to oneself自言自语

leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下

buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西

introduce oneself 介绍……自己

【提醒】

1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。

（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.

如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.

【练习】

1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _________ just now.

2. Bad luck! I cut _________ with a knife yesterday.

3. They tell us they can look after_________ very well.

4. My cat can find food by_________ .

5. Help __________to some beef, boys.

6. Jenny enjoyed_________ in the park yesterday afternoon.

7. We can finish our homework by_________ .

8. The blind girl lost_________ in the beautiful music.

9. Xiao Hui, can you introduce _________ to us ?

10. Bill wants to teach_________ French from now on.

中考：

It’s very important for us to learn for us to learn how to learn by___________.

A. ourselves

B. itself

C. myself

D. themselves

have problems breaking呼吸困难

have problems (in ) doing sth = have difficulty (in ) doing sth = have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难

I have problems (in) learning English.

Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.

定语从句

1. ①My mother is a nurse who/that works in a hospital.

② That girl who/that is in red is my English teacher.

总结：

①定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。（做名词或代词定语的句子）

②在定语从句中，被修饰的名词或代词叫做现行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。

③关系代词有：who, that, whom, which, whose在句子中做主语，宾语或定语。关系副词有：where, when, why, how在句子中作状语

④先行词是人，关系代词在句子中做主语时，关系代词用who/that

⑤翻译技巧：英翻汉：先翻从句汉翻英：先翻主句

练习题：The men who/that are repairing the road are making the noise.

The girl who/that is talking with Mary is my English teacher.

2. ① The bird which/that is singing on the tree is mine.

②The dog which/that is carrying a basket is mine.

总结：在定语从句中，如果先行词是物，并且关系代词在句子中做主语时，关系代词用which/that.

练习：The rabbit which/that lives on the moon is Changer’s.

The book which/that is on the desk is Mary’s.

3. I saw a student whom /who/that I taught last year.

I met a student whom/who/that I hit yesterday on my class.

在定语从句中，现行词是人，关系代词在句子中做宾语是，关系代词用whom,who,that.

4. The novel that /which I read is lost.

The dog which/that I found is Mary’s.

在定语从句中，先行词是物，关系代词在句子中做宾语时，关系代词用which/that.

综上所述: 关系代词所代替的现行词是指人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语等成分。关系代词在句子中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

whose在定语从句中做定语，用来指人或物，若指物时，它可以和of which互换。

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is yellow.

1. Friends are thosemake you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed.

A. which

B. what

C. whom

D. who

2. It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people have helped me.

A. who

B. what

C. which

D. where

3. Steve Jobs brought us the ipad and the iphone died on October 5, 2011.

A. who

B. whom

C. whose

D. what

4. Jamie is a young cookwants to improve school dinners.

A. whose

B. who

C. which

D. whom

5. I like writers _________ write short stories.

A. which

B. what

C. whom

D. who

6. We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.

A. which

B. when

C. who

D. whose

7. The girl ___ __you talked with at the school gate is our new math teacher.

A. whose

B. which

C. whom

D. what

8. -Have you found the information about the famous people ______ you can use for the report?

-Not yet. I’ll search some on the Internet.

A. who

B. what

C. whom

D. which

9. --- Do you know the boy________ is sitting next to Peter?

--- Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating his ________ birthday.

A. who; ninth

B. that; nineth

C. /; nineth

D. which; ninth

10. A friend is someone __________ say, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”

A. who

B. which

C. what

D. whose

2. (1) be interested in sth/doing sth 对……感兴趣

(2) interesting/interested 区别

中考：

—Peter has changed a lot, hasn’t he?

—Yes. He used to ___________ the guitar, but now he is more ___________ in playing soccer.

A. plays; interested

B. play; interested

C. play; interesting

D. playing; interest

As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.

1. (1) be used to =get used to =become used to doing sth 习惯于……I’m used to looking after myself.

(2) used to do sth 过去常常做某事Mary used to do her homework at night.

(3) be used to do sth 被用来做某事 A pen is used to write.

10.辨析 used to do sth. 与be used to sth. / doing sth.

↓↓

过去常常……习惯于某事/做某事(强调状态）

We used to draw pictures badly.

You will get used to the weather here.

In the end, I got used to doing hard work.

get/become used to sth/doing sth变得习惯，逐渐适应....”强调过程和动作

It’s difficult for one get used to another country’s habit.

中考:

—How does Jack usually go to work.?

—He __________ drive a car, but now he ___________ there to lose weight.

A. used to ; is use to walk

B. was used to ; is used to walking

C. was used to ; is used to walk

D. used to; is used to walking

2. take risks 冒险/take a risk

You have no right to take risks with others lives.

This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports.

one of +形容词最高级形式+名词的复数Mary is one of the tallest girls in our class.

But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.

1. run out “用完，耗尽”，当表示“用完某物”时，用run out of

Mary has run out of her money.

2. own

(1) 形容词，“自己的”常放在名词所有格或形容词性物主代词的后面来加强语气。I made it with my own hands.

(2) 动词，“拥有”，其名词形式是owner, “主人” I want to have to talk with the owner of this house. Do you

know who owns it?

中考：

They can wear ___________ clothes.

A. themselves

B. they own

C. their own

3. save one’s life 挽救某人性命I saved the dog’s life.

save (1) 挽救（2）节省，节约（3）储蓄，储存

中考：

Travelling by plane is expensive, but it ___________ (节省) time.

So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.

1. knife 复数形式的变化：knives. (初中阶段名词变为复数与此一样的有：wife，leaf, wolf, shelf, thief 等)

记忆口诀：“妻子”拿“刀”去砍“狼”，“架子”后面“小偷”用“叶”挡。

中考：The ground is covered with fallen _________( leaf) in autumn.

2. (1) cut off “砍掉，切掉” Mary cut off some flowers from the bush.

(2)与off 有关的短语get off (下车) show off (炫耀) run off (跑开) fall off ( 掉下) put off (推迟) turn off (关

闭) keep off (远离，阻止)

中考：

—Who’s the most modest boy in your class?

—Daniel. He never ____________ in public.

His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 1. so…that…引导的结果状语从句，其中so 是副词，修饰形容词或者是副词，that 后面加从句。其句型结构主要有：

(1) so +adj/adv+ that 从句Mary ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.

(2) so +adj +a/ an +n. +that 从句My son is so young a boy that he can’t go to school.

(3) so many/ much/few/little +n. +that 从句Kate had so many falls that she was black and blue all over.

2. such …that…“如此……以至于”，但such 后面要用名词。其句型结构主要有：

(1) such +a/ an +名词单数+that 从句Mary is such a lovely girl that we all like her.

(2) such +adj +名词复数+that 从句There are such difficult questions that no one can answer them.

(3) adj +不可数名词+that 从句It was such terrible weather that we had nothing to do.

中考：

I’m a singer is _________ an interesting TV show _________ many people like watching it.

A. so; that

B. such; that

C. so; as

D. such; as

Aron did not give up after the accident and keep on climbing mountains today.

1. give up “放弃”后加名词，代词，动名词。It’s good for you to give up smoking.

中考:

Smoking is bad for your health. You’d better give it up.

2. keep on doing sth “继续或坚持做某事” Keep on working hard and you will succeed at last.

3. keep doing 和keep on doing 区别

(1) keep doing 表示持续的状态或连续不断的动作（动作之间没有间隔）He kept standing during the

meeting. (他一直站着)

(2) 表示一直在做的事继续做下去（强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性，及某人做某事的决心）He keeps

on working after dark.

备注：1.本周作业：抄写Section B 上面的单词（每个单词抄写五遍）

2. 完成讲义上的练习

基础知识巩固练习题

一.根据句意用所给的单词的适当形式填空。

1. The boy hurt __________ (him) when he fell off his bike yesterday.

2. —Are you __________(interest) in playing computer games?

—No, I think it’s boring.

3.After staying there __________ for weeks, I am used to ___________ (speak) in Japanese.

4.How sharp the ____________(knife) are! You must be careful.

5.—Do you like to take __________ (risk)?

—Yes, it’s very exciting.

二. 单项选择

1. — Kelly, who's the girl__________glasses in the photo?

一It’s me. I used to wear glasses and have long hair.

A. by

B. of

C. on

D. with

2. Students shouldn’t go to school breakfast. It’s bad for their health.

A. with

B. without

C. for

D. by

3. Victor can play piano. He can join the music club.

A. a

B. an

C. the

4. How do you like Li Yundi? - A cool guy! His music really beautiful.

A. tastes

B. sounds

C. smells

D. looks

5. 一M um，I’m not feeling well. —Oh, dear! ________

A. What’s wrong?

B. Not at all.

C. All right.

6.Young people today posting wonderful articles and beautiful photos onto the micromes-sage(微信）to share with friends.

A. are afraid of

B. are used to

C. are worried about

7. Andrea Bocelli never ，which makes him a successful singer.

A. takes away

B. gives away

C. gets up

D. gives up

8. He hurried back home his schoolbag.

A. fetched

B. to fetch

C. fetching

D. fetches

9. — Why did you get up late this morning? — _________I stayed up late last night.

A. Because

B. So

C. Because of

D. But

10. —What’s the matter with you? 一I________a headache.

A. have

B. take

C. make

D. like

11. To our__________, the little girl is the first to go to bed.

A. surprises

B. surprise

C. surprised

D. surprising

12. - -What did your sister do? —-She_________the bus at the bus stop and went home.

A. got to

B. got up

C. got down

D. got off

13. — What did you see? — I saw many boys________ games near the river.

A. played

B. playing

C. plays

D. to play

14. It’s __________own business(事情）Please do it yourself.

A. you

B. your

C. yours

D. his

15. My father often cooks some delicious food_________for us at home.

A. herself

B. ourselves

C. himself

D. yourselves

16. My parent’s ___________ getting up early on weekdays.

A. used to

B. be used to

C. was used to

D. are used to

17. —Do you know the girl __________ is taking to the headmaster over there?

—Of course. She is my sister.

A. who

B. whom

C. which

D. what

18. Every year a lot of tourists travel to Hainan, because it’s _____________island.

A. so a beautiful

B. so beautiful

C. such a beautiful

D. a such beautiful

19. It was a difficult time for the quake-hit victims in Ya’an, but they didn’t __________ hope.

A. give up

B. give off

C. give in

D. give out

20. The boy has __________ translating the sentence into the Chinese. Please help him.

A. matter

B. questions

C. problems

D. troubles

三．根据所给提示把下列句子翻译成英语。

1. 在这次地震中有人伤到了胳膊。(get hit )

2. 医生挽救了这个小女孩的生命。(save one’s life)

____________________________________________________________________.

3.他很聪明，能理解你的意思。(so…that)

_____________________________________________________________________.

4.男孩从梯子上掉下来，跌伤了。(fall down)

____________________________________________________________________.

5.他从本子上剪下一张纸。(cut off )

_____________________________________________________________________.

四、完形填空

Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb( 哑的）16 he was normal in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to 17 ,

but with no success. When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town 18 him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he 19 spoke.

“There might be something wrong with his 20 ，and he doesn’t know he's able to speak，

one doctor said.“But he can read and write.”said Mr. Green. “We’ve written him notes, telling

him that he can speak. ”“It’s certainly very 21 ，” another doctor said. Perhaps he’ll be

able to speak some day. ”22 passed. Leo went to university. But he did not say a 23 word. Then one day, Leo was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his

24 and said，“Pass me the salt, please. ”Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited. “You spoke! You spoke!”they cried.“ Why have you 25 so long to speak?”“I didn’t have anything to say，he said.“Until now everything was perfect. But you forgot to put salt in potatoes.”

16. A. because B. when C. though D. before

17. A. speak B. walk C. play D. laugh

18. A. taught B. found C. examined D. asked

19. A. never B. often C. usually D. always

20. A. back B. hair C. face D. mind

21. A. unfair B. strange C. noisy D. diet

22. A. Hours B. Weeks C. Months D. Years

23. A. good B. right C. single D. new

24. A. chair B. meal G. hands D. books

25. A. slept B. walked C. served D. waited

五、阅读理解

Do you know the story about Vince? It was a true story. Vince was an English boy and he was eight years old. He didn't like soap or water. Three or four times a day his mother said to him, “Vince,

your hands are very dirty again.” Go and wash them. ” But Vince never washed them well. He only put his hands in the water for a few seconds and then took them out again.

Vince’s uncle and aunt lived in another city. One day they came to stay with Vince’s parents,

and they brought their small son, Toby, with them. Toby was seven years old and he didn’t like soap or water, either.

The boys sat with their parents for a few minutes and then they went outside. When they were playing, Vince looked at Toby's hands and then went back to Toby’s parents and said proudly (骄傲

地）

，“Toby’s hands are dirtier than mine, ”“Of course they are，”Toby said angrily. “You are one year older than I am, ”

31. Vince’s mother asked him to ______ three or four times a day.

A. wash his hands

B. do his homework

C. clean his bedroom

D. wash his teeth

32. When Vince saw Toby’s hands, he felt ________.

A, sorry B. proud C. sad D. terrible

33. Vince’s hands were a little ______ than Toby’s.

A. dirtier

B. cleaner

C. bigger

D. smaller

34. From the story we know that_______ .

A. Vince liked soap and water, but Toby didn’t

B. Toby liked soap and water，but Vince didn’t

C. Vince and Toby liked soap and water

D. Vince and Toby didn’t like soap or water

35. How many people are there in the story?

A.Four.

B. Five.

C. Six.

D. Seven,

人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结(完整版)

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