2011年考研英语二真题汇总+阅读中文翻译

2011：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）

The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.

Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly

3 ？

Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation?s cyber-czar，offered the federal government a

4 to make the Web a safer place-a ―voluntary trusted identity‖ system that would be the high-tech

5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled

6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential

7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.

The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver?s license 10 by the government.

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these―single sign-on‖ systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.

12 .the approach would create a ―walled garden‖ n cyberspace，with safe ―neighborhoods‖ and bright ―streetlights‖ to establish a sense of a 13 community.

Mr. Schmidt described it as a ―voluntary ecosystem‖ in which ―indivi duals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs‖。

Still，the administration?s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet ―drive‘s license‖ mentality.

The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the ―voluntary ecosystem‖ envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet

19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

1. A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden

2. A.for B.within C.while D.though

3. A.careless https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf18364425.html,wless C.pointless D.helpless

4. A.reason B.reminder https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf18364425.html,promise D.proposal

5. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf18364425.html,rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent

6. A.by B.into C.from D.over

7. A.linked B.directed C.chained https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf18364425.html,pared

8. A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve

9. A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize

10. A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered

11. A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in

12. A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast

13. A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving https://www.wendangku.net/doc/bf18364425.html,peting

14. A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience

15. A.on B.after C.beyond D.across

16. A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united

17. A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually

18. A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm

19. A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible

20. A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs?s board as an outside director in January 2000：a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was

under fire for having sat on Goldman‘s compensation committee；how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked？By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time，she said.

Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firm?s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere，they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive‘s proposals. If the sky，and the share price is falling，outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.

The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age，so the researchers concentrated on those ―surprise‖ disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure，the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases，and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive，it does not mean that such directors are alwa ys jumping off a sinking ship. Often they ―trade up.‖ Leaving riskier，smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.

But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks，even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons，once again very popular on campus.

21. According to Paragraph 1，Ms. Simmons was criticized for .

[A]gaining excessive profits

[B]failing to fulfill her duty

[C]refusing to make compromises

[D]leaving the board in tough times

22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .

[A]generous investors

[B]unbiased executives

[C]share price forecasters

[D]independent advisers

23. According to the researchers from Ohio University aft er an outside director?s surprise departure，the firm is likely to .

[A]become more stable

[B]report increased earnings

[C]do less well in the stock market

[D]perform worse in lawsuits

24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .

[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm

[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm

[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm

[D]will decline incentives from the firm

25. The author?s attitude tow ard the role of outside directors is .

[A]permissive

[B]positive

[C]scornful

[D]critical

Text 2

Whatever happened to the death of newspaper？A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America?s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they

become charitable corporations？Should the state subsidize them ？It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.

In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers，which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry，have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago，but profit all the same.

It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13，500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and，sadly for many journalists，they can be pushed further.

Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses，with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008，according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development （OECD）。In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly，Japanese newspapers are much more stable.

The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody，but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.

26. By saying ―Newspapers like … their own doom‖ （Lines 3-4，Para. 1），the author indicates that newspaper .

[A]neglected the sign of crisis

[B]failed to get state subsidies

[C]were not charitable corporations

[D]were in a desperate situation

27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .

[A]readers threatened to pay less

[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs

[C]journalists reported little about these areas

[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products

28. Compared with their American counterparts，Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .

[A]have more sources of revenue

[B]have more balanced newsrooms

[C]are less dependent on advertising

[D]are less affected by readership

29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business？

[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.

[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.

[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.

[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.

30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .

[A]American Newspapers：Struggling for Survival

[B]American Newspapers：Gone with the Wind

[C]American Newspapers： A Thriving Business

[D]American Newspapers：A Hopeless Story

Text 3

We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth，with soldiers returning home by the millions，going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.

But when it came to their houses，it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war，Americans had learned to live with less，and

that restraint，in combination with the postwar confidence in the future，made small，efficient housing positively stylish.

Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase

―less is more‖ was actually first popularized by a German，the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe，who like other people associated with the Bauhaus，a school of design，emigrated to the United States before World War II

and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture，but none more so that Mies.

Mies?s signature phrase me ans that less decoration，properly organized，has more impact that a lot. Elegance，he believed，did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects，he employed metal，glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in t he 1940s symbolized the future. Mies‘s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient，rather than big and often empty.

The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago?s Lake Shore Drive，for example，were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1，000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city‘s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls，the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings? details and proportions，the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.

The trend toward ―less‖ was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1，200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.

The ―Case Study Houses‖ commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the

―less is more‖ trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape，new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House，Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters，though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.

31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans? .

[A]prosperity and growth

[B]efficiency and practicality

[C]restraint and confidence

[D]pride and faithfulness

32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus？

[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.

[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.

[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.

[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.

33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .

[A]was related to large space

[B]was identified with emptiness

[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration

[D]was not associated with efficiency

34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago?s Lake Shore Drive？

[A]They ignored details and proportions.

[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.

[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.

[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.

35. What can we learn about the design of the ―Case Study House‖？

[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.

[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration

[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.

[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.

Text 4

Will the European Union make it？The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project?s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a ―Bermuda triangle‖ of debt，population decline and lower growth.

As well as those chronic problems，the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core，the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone?s economies，weaker or stronger，will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency，which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.

Yet the debate about how to save Europe?s single currency from disintegration is stuck. I t is stuck because the euro zone‘s dominant powers，France and Germany，agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone，but disagree about what to harmonies.

Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness，barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country?s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic

co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club，among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour；in the inner core alone，Germany fears，a small majority favour French interference.

A ―southern‖ camp headed by French wants something different：―European economic government‖ within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated，that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members，via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally，figures close to the France government have murmured，curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization：e.g.，curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.

It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world?s largest trading block. At its best，the European project is remarkably liberal：built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries，its internal borders are far more open to goods，capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization，and make capitalism benign.

36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .

[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets

[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned

[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro

[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation

37. The debate over the EU?s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .

[A] are competing for the leading position

[B] are busy handling their own crises

[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization

[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration

38. To solve the euro problem ，Germany proposed that .

[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased

[B] stricter regulations be imposed

[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination

[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed

39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.

[A]poor countries are more likely to get funds

[B]strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries

[C]loans will be readily available to rich countries

[D]rich countries will basically control Eurobonds

40. Regarding the future of the EU，the author seems to feel __ __.

[A]pessimistic

[B]desperate

[C]conceited

[D]hopeful

翻译提：Who would have thought that，globally，the IT industry produces about the sa me volumes of greenhouse g ases as the world?s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 e missions？

Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the ―right‖ a nswer. To deliver results to its users quickly，then，Google has to ma intain vast data centres round the world，packed with powerful computers. While produci ng large quantities of CO2，these computers emit a great deal of heat，so the centres n eed to be well air-conditioned，which uses even more energy.

However，Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction，but there is m uch to be done，and not just by big companies.

1——5 ACBDD 6——10 BACCA 11——15 DBACA 16——20 CDACD 21——25 BBD AA 26——30 DBCBB 31——35 BDCDB 36——40 DCBAC 41——45 EDCFG

46.翻译有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。根据你查询正确答案的尝试次数，谷歌搜索引擎会插手0.2-7克的二氧化碳的排放量。要快速将结果传递给用户，谷歌必须用强大和大量的计算机系统来维护全球巨大的数据库中心。这些计算机在散发大量热量的同时也产生大量的二氧化碳气体。所以中心处理器必须要有很好的散热装备，然而却耗能更多。

露丝西蒙斯加入高盛董事会以外部董事的2000年1月:布朗大学一年后她成为总统。在剩下的十年间,她显然没有吸引很多色情管理这两个角色。但是到2009年底西蒙斯女士因任

职于高盛公司薪酬委员会,她怎么能让这些巨额奖金在不经意间就被发放出去呢?明年2月西蒙斯女士离开了董事会。这个位置只是占用了你太多的时间,她说。

外部董事应该作为有用,却较少怀有偏见的顾问公司董事会。让他们的财富和声誉在其他地方,他们可能有足够的独立不同意首席执行官的建议。如果天空,股价下降,外部董事应该能够基于曾经渡过自身危机提供建议。

来自俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员使用一个数据库的帽子覆盖超过10000家公司和64000名不同的董事在1989年和2004年之间。然后,他们只是检查哪些董事曾经从一个委托书。离开董事会的最可能的原因是年龄,所以研究人员集中在那些“意外”由董事失踪70岁。他们源泉,在意外离任后,概率,该公司随后必须重述收入增加了近20%。被任命为联邦集体诉讼案的可能性也会增加,和股票的表现可能会更糟。大公司的效果往往是更大的。虽然他们离开之间的相关性和随后的糟糕表现公司暗示,这并不意味着这样的导演总是跳下一艘正在下沉的船。他们常常“贸易。“离开风险较高,规模较小的公司规模更大、更稳定的公司。

但研究人员认为,外部董事有一段轻松的时间避免打击他们的名声如果他们在利空消息出现之前离开公司,即使回顾历史表明他们在董事会任何不当行为发生的时候。企业想要保持他们的外部董事在困难时期可能要创建激励。否则,外部董事将会效仿西蒙斯女士的例子,再一次校园非常流行。

文本2

报纸的死亡究竟发生了什么变化?一年前末日似乎近在咫尺。经济衰退威胁要删除的广告和读者还没有逃到互联网。《旧金山纪事报》等报纸记载自己的厄运。美国联邦贸易委员会发起了一轮会谈如何拯救报纸。他们应该成为慈善企业?应该政府资助他们?不久将举行另一次会议。但是现在的讨论似乎过时了。

在世界的很多地方有危机的迹象。德国和巴西的报业摆脱经济衰退。甚至美国报纸,居住在最麻烦的全球产业,不仅活了下来,但往往恢复盈利。不是20%的利润率,常规几年前,但是利润。

它没有多少乐趣。一直是通过推动很多报纸记者舷外。美国新闻编辑协会估计,13500年编辑部工作自2007年以来。读者为苗条产品支付更多。有些报纸甚至有胆量拒绝交付给偏远的郊区。然而,这些绝望的措施被证明是正确的,可悲的是很多记者,他们可以进一步推动。

报纸运营日趋平衡,健康的收入来自读者和广告商。美国报纸一直极不寻常的依赖广告。有87%的收入来自广告在2008年,据经济合作发展组织(OECD)。在日本,比例是35%。不足为奇的是,日本报纸更稳定。

旋风席卷新闻编辑室伤害每一个人,但大部分的损害已经集中在地方报纸是最独特的。汽车和电影评论家。所以有科学和一般的商业记者。国外分支机构也被野蛮地剪除。报纸更完整的结果。但是报纸业务完整性不再是一种美德。

文本3

我们倾向于认为二战之后的几十年里的繁荣和增长,数百万士兵回家,去大学gi法案和排队在婚姻机构。

但当它来到他们的房屋,这是一个常识,相信真正可以更少。大萧条和战争期间,美国人学会了俭朴的生活,并且克制,结合战后对未来的信心,使小,积极有效的住房时尚。

经济条件只是一个刺激的高效生活的趋势。“少即是多”一词实际上是由一个德国首先推广的,架构师路德维希·密斯·凡·德·罗,像其它人与包豪斯,一个学校的设计,第二次世界大战前移民到美国

在美国的建筑学校,职务。这些设计师来对美国建筑的过程中产生巨大的影响力,但没有更多这样密斯。

密斯的标志性短语意味着更少的装饰,妥善组织,有更多的影响。优雅,他相信,没有来自富足。像其他现代建筑师,他采用金属、玻璃和夹层wood-materials我们今天认为理所当然的购买,在1940年代象征着未来。密斯的复杂表现掩盖了一个事实,那就是他设计的空间很小,效率,而不是大,经常空无一人。

优雅的公寓大楼密斯建立在芝加哥湖滨道,例如,smaller-two-bedroom 1000平方单位

feet-than那些在他们的老邻居沿着城市的黄金海岸。但他们是受欢迎的,因为他们的通风玻璃幕墙,他们提供的视图和典雅的建筑细节和比例,建筑的抽象艺术如此受欢迎。

“少”并不完全是外国的趋势。弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特在1930年代开始建造更温和、高效houses-usually约1200平方feet-than蔓延的两层的设计他在1890年代和20世纪初。

“案例研究公司”委托由加州艺术才华横溢的现代建筑师建筑杂志在1945年和1962年之间被另一个本土的影响“少即是多”的趋势。来自景观美学效果,新材料和直率的详细说明。日常生活在他的案例研究中,拉尔夫- - -一些美国家庭获得直升机,尽管大多数终于烘干机,但他相信自给自足是可取的和不可避免的被广泛共享。

文本4

欧盟会吗?早就听起来奇怪不是问题。现在即使是项目最大的啦啦队的大陆面临的“百慕大三角”债务,人口下降和低增长。

以及那些慢性问题,欧盟面临着严重危机的经济核心,使用欧元的16个国家。市场已经失去信心,欧元区经济体,弱或强,总有一天会收敛的纪律共享一个单一货币,否认竞争力成员贬值的快速修复。

然而,讨论如何拯救欧洲的单一货币解体是卡住了。困是因为欧元区的主导力量,法国和德国,同意在欧元区需要更多协调,但不同意关于和声。

德国认为欧元采取更严格的规则必须保存在借款支出和竞争力,叫为政府不遵守方面。这些可能包括威胁冻结欧盟基金为贫困地区和欧盟大型项目,甚至暂停一个国家在部长级会议上的投票权。经济合作欧盟的27个成员国都应该参与俱乐部,其中有一个小多数为自由市场的自由主义和经济严谨;仅在内核,德国的恐惧,一个微弱多数支持法国的干扰。

“南部”阵营为首的法国想要不同的东西:“欧洲经济政府”在一个核心欧元区成员国。翻译,这意味着政治家干预货币政策和制度再分配从发达地区向贫困成员,通过廉价的政府借债来或完整的财政转移。最后,接近法国政府人物咕哝着curo-zone成员应该同意一些财政和社会协调:如公司税率或劳动力成本,遏制竞争。

欧盟还为时过早注销。它仍然是世界上最大的贸易集团。最好的欧洲项目非常自由:建立在27个富裕国家和贫穷国家的单一市场,其内部边界更开放,商品、资本和劳动力比任何可比交易领域。这是一个雄心勃勃的试图冲全球化的最边缘,并使资本主义良性。

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完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？ 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功（make?it）在美国》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话，笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate)：现如今，一家普通作坊里只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人在作坊里是为了喂狗，狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away?from)机器。”Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointt hatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandthei nformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacingla borwithmachinesorforeignworkers.最近出现了很多(anumberof)类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法(makeapoint)：之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly?high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往，具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今，普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活，其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(haveaccessto)比普通还要低廉的价格，来雇佣国外员工，购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software)，实现自动化(automation)，获得天才(genus)。因此，每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献，这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(standout),不管他们身处什么工作领域(fieldofemployment)。

考研英语二翻译题复习误区

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考研英语二2015到2017原文逐句翻译12篇

2017.2.1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5 km around their local park. 每周六上午九点，五万多名跑步者在他们附近的公园跑五公里。 The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. “Parkrun”这一现象最初由十几个朋友发起，如今在英国却已引发四百个类似活动，在国外就更多了。 Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. 活动是免费的，还招募了大量的自愿者。 Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. 跑步者从四岁到祖父母辈都有，他们的用时区间从安德鲁·巴德利创造的世界记录13分钟48秒到一个小时不等。Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. “Parkrun”在伦敦奥运会“遗产”失败之处取得了成效。 Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. 十年前的一个周一宣布，第三十届奥林匹克运动会将在伦敦举行。 Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. 计划文件承诺、奥运会的伟大遗产将会让一个国家的体育爱好者离开他们的沙发。 The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. 人们将身材更好、更键康，并将产生越来越多的冠军，但是这些并未发生。 The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run—up to 2012, but the general population was growing faster. 每周锻炼身体的成年人数量的确在2012年前增加了将近两百万，但总人口增长速度更快。 Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. 更槽糕的是，这个数字现在正在加速下降。 The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. 反对者声称，每周至少进行两小时体育运动的小学生减少了近一半。 Obesity has risen among adults and children. 肥胖的成人和儿童人数在增加。 Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." 官方仍在反思为什么2012年伦敦奥运会未能“激励一代人”。 The success of Parkrun offers answers. “Parkrun”的成功给出了答案。 Parkrun is not a race but a time trial: Y our only competitor is the clock. “Parkrun”不是竞赛、而是计时赛：你唯一的竞争对手是时间。 The ethos welcomes anybody. 其精神在于欢迎任何人。 There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. 气喘吁吁的初次参与者在冲线时会得到人们的掌声喝彩，由此产生的快乐堪比最有天赋的新星的表现。 The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. 相比之下，奥运会申办者则希望让更多的人参与体育运动并产生更多的精英运动员。The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. 双重目标混为一谈：成功而并非参与的压力会让初次参与者望而生畏。 Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. 实际上，国家把这样一个基本的“草根”概念作为社区体育协会来参与规划是有些荒唐的。 If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods: making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. 如果政府要发挥作用，它应该真正参与到公共设施的建设之中：确保有运动场地的空间，有资金用于建设网球和篮网球场地，并支持学校开展所有这些体育活动。 But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. 但是历届政府都卖过绿地，从地方政府压榨资金并不断减少对体育教育的关注。 Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. 除了口头和相应的战略内容，未来政府需要作出更多的行动来创造条件，使得体育运动蓬勃发展。 Or at least not make them worse. 或者至少不让情况更加糟糕。

考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析

Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered

考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译

考研英语二阅读理解全 文翻译 Document number【980KGB-6898YT-769T8CB-246UT-18GG08】

英语二T e x t1 1---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。 家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。 21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。 [A] is receiving more criticism [B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对） [C] is not required for advanced courses（正反） [D] is gaining more preferences（正反） 2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。 这个规定旨在提出：来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生有困难，不能完成家庭作业。但该政策是不清晰的，是矛盾的。显然，没有哪个家庭作业是在没有