英语翻译及新增考题(二次修正版)
U1
1.The shirts Jimmy’s aunt made for him a few years ago are too small for him now. (outgrow) Jimmy has outgrown the shirts his aunt made for him a few years ago
2.Does the doctor think the elderly lady has a chance of surviving the operation? (likely) Does the doctor think the elderly lady is likely to survive the operation / it is likely that the elderly lady will survive the operation?
3.The other day your cousin came to visit us without giving notice beforehand. (unexpected) The other day your cousin paid us an unexpected visit.
4.Don’t you see the signal from the nurse asking us to be silent? (motion)
Don't you see the nurse motioning us to be silent?
5.Her joy at his return brightened her face. (light up)
Her face lit up with joy at his return.
6.Her footsteps (脚步声) were less distinctly heard as she walked farther away. (faint) The sound of her footsteps grew fainter as she walked farther away.
1.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束
Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.
2.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点意外
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.
3.约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了
Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.
4.当全部乘客都向出口处 (exit) 走去时，他却独自留在座位上，好像不愿意离开这架飞机似的
While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.
5.这封信必须交给威尔逊博士本人
The letter is to be handed to Dr. Wilson himself.
6.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.
7.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?
8.猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下 (lay) 的陷阱 (trap) 方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋
的表情
The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.
U2
1.Many authors do not use their real names when they publish their books. (false)
Many authors use a false name when they publish their books.
2.It is now believed that human life on earth began in Africa. (origin)
The origin of human life on earth is now believed to have been in Africa.
3.The book was translated from Chinese into English under the supervision (指导) of the author
himself. (personal)
The book was translated from Chinese into English under the personal supervision of the author.
4.In spite of the personal participation of the President, opinions remained divided at the
conference. (fail, produce, agreement)
In spite of the personal participation of the President, the conference failed to produce agreement.
5.Many Americans choose to travel by car rather than by any other means of transportation (运
输工具). (prefer, over)
Many Americans prefer to travel by car over any other means of transportation.
6.Watches turned out in their factory are of much poorer quality than those made in yours.
(superior)
Watches made in your factory are far superior in quality to those turned out in theirs.
1.会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程
It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.
2.这些青年科学家通过现场观察，获得了研究工作所需的第一手资料
By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.
3.他很可能会因视力不好而被拒收入伍
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.
4.委员会成员在新机场最佳选址 (location) 这一问题上持有不同意见
The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.
5.亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好
Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.
6.我们产品质量的稳步提高在很大程度上是由于设备有所改进
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.
7.吉姆本想按照自己的判断行事，但他没有这样做，因为作为军人他得服从命令
Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.
8.如果让我来决定我们是要一个没有自行车的城市呢，还是要一个没有汽车的城市，我会毫不犹豫地选
择后者
Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.
U3
1.Personal information, work experience and educational background generally make up a résumé
(简历). (consist of)
A résumé generally consists of personal information, work experience and educational background.
2.In today's job market, practical experience as well as formal (正规的)education is considered
important. (attach importance to)
In today's job market, importance is attached to practical experience as well as formal education.
3.The lowest pay for this type of work is ten dollars per hour; the highest fifteen dollars.
(range)
The pay for this type of work ranges from ten to fifteen dollars per hour.
4.I felt sad when I thought of having to take the exam again. (the thought of, depress) The thought of having to take the exam again depressed me.
5.Interest in cricket is the only thing Tony and his brother share. (have little in common,
except)
Tony and his brother have little in common except their shared interest in cricket.
6.The United Kingdom (联合王国) consists of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.
(constitute)
England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland constitute the United Kingdom.
1.她在当地一家银行找到一份当出纳员 (cashier) 的工作，但不久便因不称职而被解雇了
She got a post as a cashier at a local bank. But she was soon fired because she proved (to be) incompetent.
2.很明显是他的年轻助手在经营这家书店
It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the bookstore.
3.这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议
No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.
4.比尔已向哈佛大学申请助教职位(teaching assistantship)，但他得到它的可能性很小
Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.
5.由于缺乏资金，他们正在设法吸引外资 (attract foreign capital)
Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.
6.这个房间有股霉味，一定是好久没住人了 (vacant)
The room smells of stale air. It must have been vacant for a long time.
7.就业余爱好而言，珍妮和她妹妹几乎没有什么共同之处
As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.
8.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的
It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.
U4
1.He does not write for any newspapers except the *Washington Post*. (exclusively)
He writes exclusively for the "Washington Post".
2.The friendship your people have for our people made a deep impression on me during my visit
in your country. (impress)
The friendship your people have for our people impressed me deeply during my visit in your country.
3.Joe would no longer be able to go sailing again, and it took him a long time to accept this
reality. (come to terms with, the fact that)
It took Joe a long time to come to terms with the fact that he would no longer be able to go sailing again.
4.Jim's grandfather feels certain that fresh air and exercise are more valuable than medicine.
(believe in)
Jim's grandfather believes more in fresh air and exercise than in medicine.
5.He failed in his attempt to find a good job owing to poor education. (frustrate)
Owing to his poor education he was frustrated in his attempt to find a good job.
6.In terms of population most American cities are not as large as Chinese cities like Shanghai
and Beijing. (relatively, when compared to)
Most American cities are relatively small in terms of population when compared to Chinese cities
like Shanghai and Beijing.
1.那小女孩跑得太快，身体一下失去平衡，跌倒了
The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over.
2.他致力于研究工作的精神给我留下了很深印象，但我对他那些深奥的理论丝毫不感兴趣
I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.
3.千万别说可能会被人误解的话
Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.
4.我被他们互相矛盾的意见搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是
I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.
5.起初，这个复杂问题使他们感到灰心丧气，但经过仔细思考后他们终于研究出了解决办法
At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.
6.体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了
The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.
7.这学期我们都学习得不错，我真不明白为什么我们的英语老师单单表扬了班长一个人
I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.
8. 我相信比较高级的动物是由比较低级的动物进化而来的这一学说
I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.
U5
1.如果富有的国家多花些钱搞绿色工业，而不是去建立军事机器和制造核武器，当今许多广泛存在的污
染问题将会逐渐消失
If the rich countries spent more money on green industries, instead of on building up military machines and nuclear weapons, many of today's widespread pollution problems would gradually disappear.
2.烧煤的时候，不仅消耗房子里面的氧气，而且还散发出有毒的气体
The burning of coal not only consumes the oxygen in the house but also gives out poisonous gases.
3.显然，找到替代能源对我们经济的稳定发展是至关重要的
Apparently, finding alternative energy sources is essential to the steady development of our economy.
4.太阳能电池（solar cell）能吸收阳光并把它变成电
Solar cells can absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.
5.如果地球上的温度继续年复一年地上升，极地的冰帽将会开始融化，沿海城市中一半的建筑物很可能
会消失在劈啪飞溅的海浪下面
If the temperature on the Earth continues to go up from year to year, the polar ice caps will begin to melt and, in all likelihood, half of the buildings in coastal cities will disappear beneath splashing sea waves.
6.因为这些生物很小并且常常躲在叶子茂密的植物下面，肉眼并不都可以看见
Because these creatures are small and tend to hide beneath leafy plants, they are not always visible to the naked eye.
7.由于受到原子辐射，他最终在工作时倒下了
As a result of exposure to atomic radiation, he finally collapsed at work.
8.有明显的证据表明工作上的重压与身体的某些毛病有联系
There is distinct evidence of the connection between heavy pressure of work and some disorders of the body.
U6
1.I had confidence that I would win the race. (confident)
I was confident of winning the race.
2.It is certain that with determination and hard work you will succeed eventually. (be bound
to)
With determination and hard work, you are bound to succeed eventually.
3.The burglar walked very fast so that he might not be seen by the policeman behind. (in order
to, avoid)
The burglar walked very fast in order to avoid being seen by the policeman behind.
4.Driving a car after drinking alcohol is sure to lead to an accident or arrest by the police.
(inevitably)
Driving a car after drinking alcohol will inevitably lead to an accident or arrest by the police.
5.You must admit that losing the money was your fault. (take, responsibility)
You must take (full) responsibility for losing the money.
6.The young businessman thought too highly of himself because he had achieved great success
at such an early age. (make, conceited)
Great success at such an early age made the young businessman quite a conceited fellow.
1.只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的
If / As long as you keep (on) trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.
2.我们预料我们的计划会受到抵制
We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.
3.吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着
Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.
4.汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作
At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.
5.冷静耐心地处理这个微妙 (delicate) 问题是明智的
It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.
6.迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开
Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.
7.你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？
Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety?
8.你不必再去多想那些判断上的失误了。重要的是尽量避免再犯
You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more. What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them.
U7
1.Famine followed the war, one sad event after another. (tragedy)
Famine followed the war, one tragedy after another.
2.We're hoping very much that there will be good weather for tomorrow's cricket match. (pray
for)
We're praying for good weather for tomorrow's cricket match.
3.This sofa can be made bigger so that it forms a bed. (extend)
This sofa can be extended into a bed.
4.It's two and a half years since the Jackson family moved into this gray row house. (occupy) The Jackson family have occupied this gray row house for two and a half years.
5.It was because I had read his books that I wrote to him. (prompt)
It was reading his books that prompted me to write to him.
6.Are you positive all the beds in the hospital are occupied? (vacant)
Are you positive the hospital has no vacant beds?
1.在当地政府的领导下，村民们奋起应付由水灾造成的严重粮食危机
Under the leadership of the local government, the villagers rose to the serious food crisis caused by the floods.
2.这个展览会很受欢迎，吸引着源源而至的参观者
The exhibition is very popular and is attracting a steady stream of visitors.
3.妈妈上楼来查看我们这些孩子时，我转过身假装睡着了
When Mom came upstairs to check on us kids, I turned over and pretended to be asleep.
4.对阿姆斯特德来说，向毒贩展开斗争是个挑战。虽然她感到紧张不安，但她决心勇敢地面对这些人Waging a battle against the drug pushers was a challenge to Armstead. She felt rather nervous but she decided to confront them.
5.老太太叫我小心些，不要与那些在街角闲荡的家伙讲话
The old lady told me to be cautious and not to talk to the guys hanging out on the street corner.
6.一个卫生组织促使地方政府为建造一所新的医院筹措三百万美元的资金
A health organization prompted the local government to raise a three-million-dollar fund for a new hospital.
7.那个曾放火烧教堂的男子打开门时，迎面遇到十来个持枪的警察
Opening the door, the man who had set fire to the church found himself confronted by a dozen policemen with guns.
8.据报道，燃烧了两个多小时的熊熊烈火始于一个废弃的仓库
It is reported that the fire which raged for more than two hours started in an abandoned warehouse / store.
U8
1.In our eyes, the Great Wall of China is one of the wonders of the world. (think of ... as) We think of the Great Wall of China as one of the wonders of the world.
2.Medical scientists have long recognized a connection between cigarette smoking and heart
disease. (link *v.*)
Medical scientists have long recognized that heart disease is linked to cigarette smoking.
3.San Francisco and Shanghai are both major seaports and financial centers, but San Francisco
differs from Shanghai in that it is hilly and surrounded |(环绕)| by water on three sides.
(unlike)
San Francisco and Shanghai are both major seaports and financial centers, but unlike Shanghai, San Francisco is hilly and surrounded by water on three sides.
4.As investments |(投资)| increase, profits will rise accordingly in times of rapid economic
growth. (lead to, corresponding)
An increase in investments will lead to a corresponding rise in profits in times of rapid economic growth.
5.Many people wanted to enter the competition because of the size of the prize. (tempt) The size of the prize tempted many people to enter the competition.
6.Successful completion of secondary school is required of all the candidates |(求职者)| for
the position. (meet, requirement)
All the candidates for the position must meet the requirement of successful completion of secondary school.
1.巨额投资(investment)使这一地区的经济得以迅速发展
Vast amounts of investment have enabled the economy of the area to grow rapidly.
2.他们为新建一所医院开展了一场筹款运动
They launched a campaign to raise money for a new hospital.
3.成功在于勤奋(diligence)，诺兰医生就是一个很好的例证
Success lies in diligence. Dr. Nolen is a case in point.
4.他们都具有很高的道德标准，决不会受诱惑接受如此贵重的礼品
Men of high moral standards, they are never to be tempted into taking such expensive gifts.
5.有迹象表明，不少工厂正面临着十分困难的局面
There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation.
6.警方找到谁是罪犯的重要线索后，在几小时内就以武装抢劫罪拘捕了他
The police arrested the criminal on a charge of armed robbery several hours after they found an important clue to his identity.
7.调查显示，对某些人来说，退休往往会造成心理上的病痛
Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles for some people.
8.医疗队并没有一味抱怨当地医院较差的工作条件。比如，好几位医生就曾用自己的钱购置了简单的医
疗器械
The medical team did more than complain about the relatively poor working conditions at the local hospital. For instance, several doctors bought simple medical instruments with their own money.
成人学位英语题与答案5
自我测试5 1.I failed to catch the bus. 我没赶上公共汽车。 C) catch赶上 2.The light still on. They B to turn it off when they left the room. 他们离开了房间,灯还亮着。他们必须忘记关掉它时 B) must have forgotten 一定是忘了 3. A , consumers were cheated, misled by business firms.有时被欺骗商业公司误导消费者 A) Sometimes有时 4.I’ll certainly work at next week except when it D . 我一定会在下个星期除了下雨的时候 D) is raining 下雨 5.I don’t know why A . 我不知道为什么小男孩汤姆哭了 A) the little boy Tom was crying 小男孩汤姆哭了 6.He comes here everyday. B . 他每天来。我也这么做了 B) So do I 我也这么做了 7.My father knows George quite well; they D at a party. 我父亲知道乔治很好；他们介绍入党 D) were introduced 介绍了 8.I will go home for a vacation as soon as I A my exams. 我回家度假尽快完成我的考试。 A) finish完成 9.By five o’clock this evening the space ship B eleven times round the world. 到今晚五点的太空船将有十一次环游世界 B) will have traveled将有 10.The bus came after I A for about half an hour. 公共汽车来了之后，我已经等了半个小时 A) had been waiting 一直等待 11.More than 20 new kinds of plastic machine parts C by the end of this year. 超过20种新的塑料零件将被证明在今年年底。 C) will have been turned out已经变成了 12.The speed of radio waves is equal to B of light. 无线电波的速度等于光速的 B) that那 13.He asked Smith and A to be ready for the journey. 他问，我做旅行的准备。 A) me 我 14.If you need a ball pen, you can use one of D . 如果你需要一笔，你可以用我的 D) mine我的 15.These B did unusually well in the contest, so the judges didn’t know whom to give prize to. 这些女性歌手做得特别好的比赛，所以裁判不知道谁给的奖励。 B) women singers 女性歌手 16.The fact B his health is bad is not true. 事实上，他的身体不好是不真实的 B) that那，那个；那样的 17. B his legs were broken in the traffic accident. 由于交通事故他的双腿断了。 B) Both 双 18.She has sacrificed so much D support the family. 她牺牲了这么多，为了养家 D) in order to 为了… 19.In response C her call, I mailed her. 针对她的电话，我寄给她 C) to 给 20. D told us that the he was not here. 没有人告诉我们，他不在这里。
第九讲高中英语翻译技巧与能力训练(上)[讲义]
高考英语翻译技巧与能力训练 高考英语中的翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。 高考评分标准: 1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。 如何才能提高中译英水准，在高考中获得理想的分数呢？考生除了必须具备比较扎实的语言基础外，关键还在于学会总结规律，找准中译英的切入点。 一、分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型 中文必须仔细读，一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组，也就是我们常说的key words。尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。一般来说，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时，也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如：It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with结构。 例1: 昨天我的电脑坏了。(wrong) 解析：本题考查：1)简单句There be结构；2)wrong的用法；3)中英文表达的差异。 译句：There was something wrong with my computer yesterday. 例2: 遇到困难的时候，我们需要的不是彼此埋怨，而是互相帮助。(not…but) 解析：本题考查：1)复合句：when引导的状语从句；what引导的主语从句；2)not…but结构；3)“彼此埋怨”的英文翻译。 译句：When(we are)in difficulty/When we meet with difficulties/When we have difficulties ,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other. 例3：我们能做什么来阻止这种疾病蔓延呢？（prevent） 分析：如果有学生没有读全中文原句的话，就很有可能看成是以前所做的“我们要做些什么来阻止这种疾病的蔓延”，而译为We should do something to prevent the spread of this disease.因为这个原因而造成扣分，就太不应该了。 译句：What can we do to prevent the spread of this disease? 例4：他很有可能通过自己的努力得到驾驶执照。（likely） 译句：He is likely to get the driving license with his own efforts. 分析：有些学生一看到有可能，就会想到自己比较熟悉的possible，想当然地翻译成It is possible that…的结构。其实，学生对likely这个key word的使用也是会的，完全能够使用be likely to do或It’s likely th at…的结构。 例5：上海近几年经历了许多变化，如今已成为世界闻名的经济中心。（go through） 分析：乍一看，学生很容易轻易下笔，Shanghai has gone through…,it has become…，这已成为很多学生的一个习惯，句子和句子中随便用逗号隔开，英语不像中文，必须要考虑到句子的结构，逗号也不能随意使用。而此句中，就要想到用并列句中的连接词and来连接两个成分。
应用化学专业英语翻译完整篇
1 Unit5元素周期表 As our picture of the atom becomes more detailed 随着我们对原子的描述越来越详尽，我们发现我们陷入了进退两难之境。有超过100多中元素要处理，我们怎么能记的住所有的信息？有一种方法就是使用元素周期表。这个周期表包含元素的所有信息。它记录了元素中所含的质子数和电子数，它能让我们算出大多数元素的同位素的中子数。它甚至有各个元素原子的电子怎么排列。最神奇的是，周期表是在人们不知道原子中存在质子、中子和电子的情况下发明的。Not long after Dalton presented his model for atom( )在道尔顿提出他的原子模型（原子是是一个不可分割的粒子，其质量决定了它的身份）不久，化学家门开始根据原子的质量将原子列表。在制定像这些元素表时候，他们观察到在元素中的格局分布。例如，人们可以清楚的看到在具体间隔的元素有着相似的性质。在当时知道的大约60种元素中，第二个和第九个表现出相似的性质，第三个和第十个，第四个和第十一个等都具有相似的性质。 In 1869,Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev,a Russian chemist, 在1869年，Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev ,一个俄罗斯的化学家，发表了他的元素周期表。Mendeleev通过考虑原子重量和元素的某些特性的周期性准备了他的周期表。这些元素的排列顺序先是按原子质量的增加,,一些情况中, Mendeleev把稍微重写的元素放在轻的那个前面.他这样做只是为了同一列中的元素能具有相似的性质.例如,他把碲(原子质量为128)防在碘(原子质量为127)前面因为碲性质上和硫磺和硒相似, 而碘和氯和溴相似. Mendeleev left a number of gaps in his table.Instead of Mendeleev在他的周期表中留下了一些空白。他非但没有将那些空白看成是缺憾，反而大胆的预测还存在着仍未被发现的元素。更进一步，他甚至预测出那些一些缺失元素的性质出来。在接下来的几年里，随着新元素的发现，里面的许多空格都被填满。这些性质也和Mendeleev所预测的极为接近。这巨大创新的预计值导致了Mendeleev的周期表为人们所接受。 It is known that properties of an element depend mainly on the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of the atoms of the element. 我们现在所知道的元素的性质主要取决于元素原子最外层能量能级的电子数。钠原子最外层能量能级（第三层）有一个电子，锂原子最外层能量能级（第二层）有一个电子。钠和锂的化学性质相似。氦原子和氖原子外层能级上是满的，这两种都是惰性气体，也就是他们不容易进行化学反应。很明显，有着相同电子结构（电子分布）的元素的不仅有着相似的化学性质，而且某些结构也表现比其他元素稳定（不那么活泼） In Mendeleev’s table,the elements were arranged by atomic weights for 在Mendeleev的表中，元素大部分是按照原子数来排列的，这个排列揭示了化学性质的周期性。因为电子数决定元素的化学性质，电子数也应该（现在也确实）决定周期表的顺序。在现代的周期表中，元素是根据原子质量来排列的。记住，这个数字表示了在元素的中性原子中的质子数和电子数。现在的周期表是按照原子数的递增排列，Mendeleev的周期表是按照原子质量的递增排列，彼此平行是由于原子量的增加。只有在一些情况下（Mendeleev注释的那样）重量和顺序不符合。因为原子质量是质子和中子质量的加和，故原子量并不完全随原子序数的增加而增加。原子序数低的原子的中子数有可能比原子序数高的原
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
英语翻译重点词汇词组
英语翻译重点词汇词组 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场
foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇（２） major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物
学位英语试题及答案
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（ )两种，答 题时间为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在中 找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的 括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、 答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本 人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写 在指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题 册和答题纸分别上交监考老师。 15 I. (10%) : , , A, B, C D. . a ． 1. : ! I ’t . ? : . ?
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论文：浅析英语翻译能力提升的障碍和策略
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2．语言基础知识掌握不扎实，影响了翻译的准确性 英语翻译就是英汉两种语言之间的相互转换，在转换的过程中主要涉及两个方面，首先翻译者要正确地领悟原文的意思，其次要通过译文将原文确切的表达出来，达到“信达雅”的标准。因此翻译者需要牢固地掌握英汉两种语言。但是由于多方面的因素，翻译者的语言基础知识掌握不扎实，很多翻译者的词汇量太少，经常背了忘，而又不重视巩固复习，或者死记硬背不会灵活运用，此外，语法掌握也不扎实，对一些基本的句型模棱两可，不能正确理解更不会运用。 二、提升英语翻译能力的具体策略 1．通过词汇、语法和阅读，了解中西文化之间的差异性 在英语的学习中，提高英语翻译能力，不仅要加强英语语言知识的学习，还要注重对英语文化知识的了解。具体来说，可以通过词汇、语法以及阅读等的学习获取英语文化知识。 首先，通过词汇的学习了解中西文化知识。词汇是英语语言的基本元素，掌握词汇的过程中，仅仅注重词汇正确的拼写和准确的发音是远远不够的，更主要的是学会如何恰当的运用词汇和组织词汇。因此，在背诵英语词汇意思的基础之上还需要进一步了解词汇产生的文化背景知识，尤其是了解习语、谚语和成语这一类词语的文化内涵、感情色彩以及
应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译
Uｎit 1 The RｏotｓoｆCｈemisｔry Ｉ．Ｃoｍpreｈensioｎ. 1。Ｃ 2. Ｂ3．D 4. C 5. B ＩI。Ｍａｋe ａsenｔeｎｃe ｏut of ｅach ｉｔem ｂy reaｒranging ｔhe wordｓin ｂracｋets. 1.Tｈｅｐuｒiｆｉcation of aｎorganｉc compounｄis usually a matter of consｉｄerａｂlｅdｉfｆicｕｌtｙ, and iｔis nｅcｅｓsaｒy to eｍploy vａrious methoｄs fｏr thｉｓpurpｏse。 2.Science is an ｅｖeｒ－iｎcｒｅasing boｄy ofａccｕｍｕlａｔed anｄ ｓｙsｔｅmatiｚed knowledｇe ａnd iｓalsｏan activｉty bｙwｈic ｈｋnowledge iｓｇenerated。 3.Lifｅ，aftｅr all, is onｌy cｈeｍistry,in faｃｔ, a sｍall example of ｃ hｅｍistry ｏbsｅｒved oｎａsｉngle munｄane pｌａnet。 4.Peoplｅaｒe made of molｅculｅｓ; sｏmｅｏf ｔhｅmｏleculｅs in p ｅople aｒe rａｔher ｓimple whｅreas otｈerｓａｒｅhｉghly compｌex。 5.Chｅｍistry ｉｓever preseｎｔin ｏｕｒｌｉves frｏm ｂｉｒtｈ tｏｄeａthｂeｃａｕse withoｕt chｅmｉｓtrｙｔhere iｓneither life nor deａth. 6.Maｔhｅｍaｔics apｐeａｒs ｔo be almost as humaｎkiｎｄand ａｌ ｓo ｐermeaｔeｓall aspeｃts of ｈuman life, aｌthough ｍａｎｙof us are ｎｏｔfuｌly ａwａrｅoｆtｈis. III。Tｒanｓlatioｎ. 1.（a)chｅmicaｌprｏcess (b) natuｒal scienｃe（c）the teｃhｎｉ ｑｕe of distｉllaｔioｎ 2.Iｔｉs theａtｏｍs that ｍａkｅuｐｉron, waｔeｒ，oｘygen and the lｉke/anｄso on／aｎｄsｏfortｈ/aｎd otherｗiｓe. 3.Cheｍisｔｒy haｓa very long hｉｓtorｙ, ｉnｆaｃｔ，human a ｃtivity in chｅｍｉstrｙgｏes bａｃk ｔo ｐreｒecｏrｄed tｉmｅｓ/pｒedatiｎg reｃｏrded times． 4.Aｃcoｒdｉng to/Froｍthe eｖapoｒaｔion oｆwaｔeｒ，pｅople know ／reaｌized ｔｈat ｌiquidｓcａn ｔurn/bｅ/changeｉｎto gases ｕndeｒcertain conditions/circｕmsｔance／enｖironment。 5.Yoｕｍusｔknow ｔhe propｅｒtieｓｏfｔｈe materiaｌbeｆore y ｏu use it. IＶ．Ｔrａnslation 化学是三种基础自然科学之一,另外两种是物理和生物.自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行,甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快，其余两步相当慢.这三步
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