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新视野大学英语读写教程1 备课笔记

Unit 1

Preview

The ways of learning (study independently)

Online courses More convenient

Do not feel intimidated

Think clearly

1.no longer = not…any longer “不再”（和延续性动词连用）

He no longer works here. （在主语和谓语之间）

He does not work here any longer. （句尾）

2.means

(1)[C] (method, instrument)方式；手段；工具单复数同形

Use force as the means of settling conflicts.

All possible means have been adopted.

(2)[N]收入，财富，金钱

A person/man of means

(3)[P] live within one’s means 量入为出

live beyond one’s means 入不敷出

by means of 通过；采用~方式

This is a two year course taught by means of lectures.

(4) convention 惯用语

by all means 当然可以，完全可以

---Can I come and have a look at your house?

---Yes, by all means.

3.advantage

[C] 有利条件，好处，优势

Another advantages of bad time is that there’s less competition. There’s another advantage of being poor---a doctor will cure you faster. There are many advantages to working hard.

China has advantages over other Asian countries.

an advantage over A 与A相比某事物的优点、优势

an advantage to A A事物的优点、优势

[P]take advantage of 利用

I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.

4.intimidate [vt] 恐吓，威胁

No one can intimidate us.

intimidated [adj] 受到威胁的，害怕的

She buys clothes from stores that I’m intimidated by the sales people.

intimidating [adj] 令人胆怯的，令人害怕的

He’s a huge intimidating figure.

5.think through 想透，想清楚并得出结论

He will think through his decision.

Before you start your habit change, think through your motivation.

6.try to do something努力做某事（还没做）

try doing something 试着做某事（已经在进行中）

He tried to finish the work ahead of time.

---I usually go there by train.

---Why not try going by boat for a change?

*stop, remember, forget等+ 不定式to do（未做）

动名词doing（已做）

Section A

Pre-reading

The internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English. I started learning English when I was in junior middle school. I didn’t however gain command of the language in the classroom. It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient. The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results. There were many other advantages to online learning as well. It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule. Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.

The advantages of taking online courses

(1)better results than classroom study

(2)better time management

1.overcome

[vt] 克服，控制，战胜

Find a way to overcome your difficulties.

overcome the enemy

[vt] （常用被动语态）感情上受到影响；使受不了(with, by)

The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.

The residents were trying to escape from the fire but were overcome by smoke.

2.frustration [n]挫折；失败；挫败；失意

There are many other reasons for frustration.

Frustration and mistrust are growing.

frustrate [vt] 挫败；阻挠；使受挫折

These questions frustrated me.

frustrated [adj] 挫败的，失意的，泄气的

Talk it out so that you don't feel frustrated, or bored.

frustrating [adj] 使人沮丧的，令人泄气的

The current situation is very frustrating for us...

It is a frustrating and difficult time for Tom.

3.junior

[adj] 较年幼的，较年小的；三年级的，低年级的；资历较浅的

Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.

Of course, as a junior designer I didn't get much.

[N]年少者，青少年；晚辈；三年级生；职位较低者

She married a man seven years her junior.

It was the summer before his junior year in high school.

4.proficient

[adj]精通的，熟练的

A great number of Chinese are proficient in foreign languages.

If you are a proficient writer you can write a book or a play.

[n]能手，老手，专家

A proficient in music

5.as well 也（too，位于句尾）

You know, computers bring troubles as well.

Water comes into our systems not just from drinking but from eating as well.

I can do it as well.

6.reward

[vt] 奖赏；回报

It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you.

[N] [C, U]奖赏；回报

As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.

rewarding

[adj] 值得做的，有益的，有意义的

Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone.

She finds her career very rewarding.

Passage A Learning a foreign language

Para1 Foreign language learning, a rewarding experience, is worth the effort.

Para2 At junior middle school: Positive teaching method led to good language-learning results. Para3 At senior middle school: My teacher was impatient which made me lose interest in learning the language.

Para4 At college: Large classes and students with better English made me feel intimidated when I spoke English, and this prevented me from learning further

Para5 The language-learning situation changed for the better when I began learning online. Para6 Online learning is not easier than traditional classroom learning. It requires commitment and discipline to keep up with the course.

Para7 There have been ups and downs with my online learning. However, I did not feel intimidated by students with better English, and I finally reaped the benefits of my hard work. Para8 Learning a foreign language has been difficult but has brought me many benefits.

1.Learning a foreign language was one of the most difficult yet most rewarding experiences of

my life.

yet [adv] 然而，不过

They were born poor, yet proud.

2.at times 有时，偶尔

He used to go to the theatre at times. 他以前偶尔会去看看戏。

At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.有时他真想辞职。

3.be worth sth./doing sth. 值得...的

The watch is worth more than the price. 这表的价值超出标价。

Doing morning exercises is worth the time. 花点时间做早操是值得的。

He's decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth buying.

Is the dream worth pursuing?

4.positive

[adj] 积极的

We need to take positive steps to improve the situation.

[adj] 确实的，明确的

It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.

I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake.

5.worry about 担心，烦恼

Do you worry about your weight?

I worry about my grades.

be worried about 为…担心，烦恼

Don't be worried about my ability of learning English.

You may be worried about your appearance.

6.at the top of 在…顶上

Start reading at the top of the page.

on the top of 在顶部的

The dawns on the top of that mountain are impressive.

那山顶上的黎明予人深刻的印象。

7.senior

[adj]（地位、水平、层次）较高的

Television and radio needed many more women in senior jobs.

电视和广播领域需要有更多女性来担任高级职位。

[N] [C] 较年长者

Her husband was nine years her senior. 她丈夫比她大9岁。

[C]（地位或等级）较高者；长辈

Only the seniors made the decisions.

8.be eager to do sth.

be eager for sth. 盼望，渴望

Jessica is eager to communicate with people from various cultures.

Finally, as a student, he should be eager for knowledge and williing to work hard. 9.continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事（还没完成）

continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事情（已经完成一件工作）

After a rest, he continues his reading.

After he finished reading a novel, he continued to play games with his friends.

10.be different from与…不同；不同于

Everyone wants to be different from others, as a result, everyone is alike.

11.former

[adj] 在前的，以前的，旧时的

A former schoolmate of mine started a tourism business.

[n] (the former)前者

Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular.

12.be patient with 对…有耐心

A good doctor should be patient with every patient.

13.in- 不，非，无（prefix 前缀）

incorrect（不正确的），incapable（无能力的），inaccurate（不准确的）

inactive（不活跃的），insignificant（不重要的），invisible（不可见的，看不见的）inability（无能，无力）

14.not only, but also的部分倒装

not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，但but also 后的分句不用倒装。

Not only did he come, but he also saw her.

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he also spoke more slowly.

Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western instruments.

15.unlike

[prep] 不像；和...不同

She was unlike him in every way except for her eyes.

16.far from 一点都不

The project is far from perfect.

I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most.

17.be able to 能够

You will be able to advise us.

18.a couple of 一些，几个

I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report.

I met him a couple of times last year.

19.be afraid to do sth

be afraid of sth/doing sth

I used to be afraid ____ big dogs, now I'm still afraid ___ big dogs.

A of, to see

B to , of seeing

C of seeing , to

D to , of

20.medium

[n][C] 媒介，媒体

TV is a medium for giving information and opinions.

Light travels through the medium of air.

[adj] 中等的

What size shirt does he wear—medium or large?

21.get/have/obtain access to 有权享用；可以使用

People living here have access to the pool for free.

If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company.

22.participate (in)

[vi] take part (in) 参与，参加

Some members refused to participate.

Only persons aged 20 years or over may participate in this contest.

23.virtual

[adj]虚拟的

This is a virtual shopping centre

[adj]实质上的；实际上的

It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class; you've always been the best in everything.

24. commitment

[N] [U]投入, 致力，献身(~to)

His commitment to study has made him the most successful person in his small town.

[N] [C] a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions 承诺，许诺，保证

Marriage is a lifelong commitment.

25.keep up with 赶上；不落后

The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother.

I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.

26. discipline

[N] [U] 纪律；自制能力

He did not like the army because of the strict discipline.

It takes a lot of discipline to eat less and lose weight.

[N][C] 学科

She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history. 27. minimum

[adj] 最低的，最小的

The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18.

[n][sing.]最低限度；最少量

You have to stay for a minimum of seven days. 你起码要呆上7天。

The price is her minimum; she refuses to lower it any more.

28. assignment

[N][C] 任务；作业

As soon as you get the assignment, ask for a deadline first.

The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day.

29. as well as 既…又…；除…之外（也）；此外

I'm learning Japanese as well as English.

We have shortcomings as well as good points.

30. embarrass

[vt] 使尴尬；使窘迫；使害羞;使（公众人物、组织等）难堪；给…出难题

Does your boss often pull you down and embarrass you in front of colleagues?

你的老板是否经常给你拆台，并且在同事面前让你难堪？

Don't embarrass him with private things.

embarrassed

[adj]局促不安的；为难的；尴尬的；窘迫的

He looked a bit embarrassed.

an embarrassed silence

embarrassing

[adj]使人尴尬的，令人为难的

That was an embarrassing situation for me.

31. once in a while 时不时，偶尔，间或

I read novels once in a while to give my brain a rest.

32. feel like sth./doing sth. 想要；想做

I feel like a cup of tea. 我想要杯咖啡。

I just don't feel like doing anything tonight. 今晚我什么事情都不想干。

33.give up 停止，放弃

My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become.

I've given up trying to get her to change her mind.

34. think out 仔细考虑；推敲；琢磨

I need time to think things out.

She hadn't thought out what she was going to say at the party.

35. post

[vt]发帖子；张贴

They post notices on the Internet.

36. just about几乎；几近；大约；马上

That would be just about perfect.

I'm just about ready.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c4333541.html,e across 偶然遇到；偶然发现

I've never come across anyone like her before.

While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old pictures I had never seen before.

38. continual

[adj] 不间断的；不停的；多次重复的；频繁的

Write down your nightmare, or tell someone else about it to stop the continual thoughts.

continually

[adv]不停地；持续地；屡屡地；一再地

The Museum is continually developing—there's something new to see every year.

The child was continually changing his mind.

39. reap

[vt] 获得，得到

Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.

现在他们该摘取他们的劳动成果了。

Those who take risks often reap great rewards. 肯冒风险，才有大收获。

[vt]收割；收获

The women were all out reaping the fields. 妇女们都出去收割庄稼了。

40. benefit

[N][C] 益处，好处

Tourism has brought many benefits to the area.

[vt&vi]有益于

The new teaching program will benefit many students.

The bank suffers while its officers benefit.

41.trying

[adj] 令人难于忍受的；难堪的；令人厌烦的

In these trying times there are many challenges ahead for the government.

42. trade for 用…换…

I traded my old car for a new one.

In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money.

43. .insight

[N][C, U] 洞悉；深刻的见解

The lecture provides new insights into the way we learn language.

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a child's curiosity.

44. many more 更多

many more和much more 都可指“更多”。

many more后接一个名词一定是个复数可数名词。若不接名词，则more本身就被看作是一个复数名词，表示复数概念。

Some students are against the plan, but many more (students) support it.

much more后接一个名词，这个名词一定是个不可数名词。若不接名词，则more本身就被看作是一个不可数名词。

The farmers have produced much more rice.

She has much more to do.

many more不可能修饰形容词和副词，而much more和far more, even more, still more 等一样，可以修饰形容词和副词，表示“更加”。

This TV set is much more expensive.

He worked much more carefully on the new design.

45. instead of 而不是；代替

They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs.

他们又是提价，又是减产，却没有降低成本。

He took English as his major instead of Japanese.

46. reach out to接触，联系

Online learning helps us reach out to new friends.

47. gap

[n][C]差距；分歧

There's a ten-year gap between Kay's two children.

The age gap between us didn't seem to matter until we decided to have children.

bridge the gap 弥合分歧，弥合鸿沟

Exercises

1.estimate

估计，估算；评价，评论；估量，估价

I estimate that the total cost for treatment will be $12,500...

估计，预测；报价，预算书；评价，判断

In sb’s estimate at a rough estimate

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c4333541.html,plain

~about/of 抱怨，诉苦；申诉，控诉，抗议

Several months ago, my friend anna called to complain about her boyfriend of eight months.

Chinese firms complain of trouble with visas.

诉说，申诉，控告[后面常跟从句]

She complained that he had been rude to her.

complaint

3.dare

dare 有时用作普通动词，如，He dared to speak和He doesn't dare to speak；有时又用作情态动词，如，He daren't speak。

（情态动词）敢，竟敢

Dare she tell him.

He dare not enter.

敢；敢于

Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to say so.

敢；敢做；激（某人做某事）；问（某人）有没有胆量（做某事）

I dare you to sit through forty-five minutes with someone like Vincent!

4.have been doing 现在完成进行时

have p.p现在完成时

二者有共同点，但最大区别在于现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。

She has been writing the letter since two hours ago.两个小时以来,她一直都在写信

现在完成进行时

一、现在完成进行时的谓语动词构成have/has been working

二、现在完成进行时的功能

（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。

I have been learning English since ten years ago.

自从十年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）

（二）表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作。

We have been waiting for you for half an hour.

我们已经等你半个钟头了。（动作不再继续下去）

（三）表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动。She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

注意：

（一）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。

I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。

（二）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.

我在这里已经工作两年了。

（三）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。

I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书。

I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书。

现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

（一）现在完成时分“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法：

1．“已完成”指的是动作发生在过去，强调其对现在产生的影响。

I have seen this film. 我看过这部电影。(意思说我已经知道了电影的内容。)

注意：“已完成”这种用法一般不带时间状语，但可以和already, yet,before,ever,just,no等副词连用。I have never said he is rich. 我从来不说他有钱。

2. “未完成”指的是动作从过去开始，且一直继续到现在。因此不能用表示瞬间性的或称短暂性的动词。“未完成”的现在完成时常与since结构或“for+一段时间”的状语连用。

I have lived here since I was born. 我一出生就住在这里。

注意：“未完成”这种用法还常与until now, so far, in/during the past/ last...等连用。

In the past ten years, many new schools have been built up in our city.

过去十年中我市已兴建了许多新学校。

（二）现在完成进行时与现在完成时的“未完成”用法类似。它强调动作的延续，常常译做“一直在……”。其基本用法有三个：

1. 现在完成进行时表示从过去开始、现在仍在继续的动作。其时间状语除了since结构和for结构外，还有all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语。

I’ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.

我等了一个小时，可他还没来。

2. 现在完成进行时还用来表示从过去开始、现在刚刚结束的动作。

I’m sorry I’m late. Have you been wa iting long? 真对不起，我迟到了。你等了很久了吧?

3. 现在完成进行时还可以用来表示反复的、连续的动作。

She has been telephoned her husband, but there is no answer.

她一直在给她丈夫打电话，但没有人接。4. 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身。

Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.

The car is going again now. Tom has repaired

5.take place 发生，举行

Elections take place every four years.

The meeting will take place as planned.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c4333541.html,y in

Old sally lay in bed in a freezing cold room.(躺)

Local leaders decided that the city’s future lay in leather and fur.（在于）

7.circumstance

[N][C] 情况；情形；形势

I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.

[N](复数) （事件发生的）情形，详情，原委

Hundreds of people had died there in terrible circumstances during and after the revolution.

[N](复数)生活状况；境况；（尤指）经济状况

I wouldn't have expected to find you in such comfortable circumstances.

[ph] under any circumstances 在任何情况下，无论如何

She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip.

[ph] in the circumstances/ under the circumstances 在那种情况下，情况既然如此

In the circumstances,Jenny's plans looked highly appropriate.

8.lead to 把…带到；领到；（道路）通向；导致

That can lead to serious consequences.

Clear questions lead to clear answers.

1.While作并列连词用，意思为“而，然而”，表对比。

Some people waste food, while others haven’t enough.

The son was having a good meal at home, while the parents were working in the fields.

2. not only…but also

连接两个分句，并且not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。

Not only does the sun give us light, but also it gives us heat.

Not only did he speak English correctly，but also he speaks it fluently.

Not only is this young man clever, but also he is hardworking.

Section B

Reading skills --- Finding out word meanings

definition, examples, synonyms, antonyms, word stems and affixes, general sense of a sentence

1. experienced [adj]有经验的；老练的

This old man is an experienced worker.

2. figure out 计算出，解决；弄明白

First, figure out exactly what you want to do in life and what you want to be.

3. un-（prefix 前缀）：构成反义词

unfamiliar/unknown/unlike/unkind/uncomfortable/unhealthy/unable/unfinished/unfriendly…

4. contextual [adj] 文脉上的，前后关系的

Use any contextual clues available to you to begin to understand what you hear.

context

[N] （想法、事件等的）背景，环境

We are doing this work in the context of reforms in the economic, social and cultural fields.

[N] 上下文；语境

Can you guess the contents of that contract from the context?

[ph] in context (在上下文中；置于背景之下)

out of context (脱离上下文；断章取义地)

5. in order to 为了

All animals have to eat in order to live.

6. remove

[vt] 消除I can't remove this stain from the carpet.

[vt] 移开，挪走Tom paused to remove his sunglasses.

removal

[N][U] 消除；去除the removal of obstacles

[N] 搬家；搬移；搬迁the removal of furniture

7. relate to与---有关

Every sentence should relate to that main point.

8. adversity [N] 逆境；不幸；灾难

He showed courage in adversity.

People smile, even in adversity.

9. scarce [adj]缺乏的，罕见的

Food was scarce and expensive…

Jobs are becoming increasingly scarce.

10. extreme

[adj]极其的，极度的

The girls were afraid of snakes and picked their way along with extreme caution.

[adj]极端的

Here I described an extreme example of this disease.

[adj]偏激的；过激的

This extreme view hasn't captured popular opinion. (这种偏激的观点未被大众接受。) [adj] 尽头的；末端的

the room at the extreme end of the corridor. (在走廊尽头的那个房间)

[n] 极端；完全相反的事物

a 'middle way' between the extremes of success and failure…

成功和失败这两个极端之间的“中间地带”

11. ubiquitous [adj]无所不在的；普遍存在的

Sugar is ubiquitous in the diet…糖在这种饮食里随处可见。

12. the opposite of 相反的

The opposite of love is not hate, is indifferent.

13. futile [adj]无益的；无用的；徒劳的

It would be futile to sustain his life when there is no chance of any improvement.

如果没有任何好转的机会，继续维持他的生命也是无益的。14.re-（prefix 前缀）：表示再一次

rearrange（重新整理）、rebirth（再生）、rebuild（重建）、recount（重新计算）、redo（再做）、reenter（再进入）、relive（再生）、remake（重制）

redesign [v]重新设计

The hotel has recently been redesigned and redecorated。

15. base on建立在…基础上

One own view should base on the fact. (一个人应该以事实作为自己看法的依据。)

16. rely on信赖；依赖；依靠；信任

Can we rely on him to support us?

Everyone needs a friend to rely on.

All artistic achievements rely on inspiration.

17. extricate [vt]使摆脱困难，脱身,解救；救出(from)

It is not clear how she will extricate herself from the mess.

18. underline

[vt]在…下面画线

Take two coloured pens and underline the positive and negative words.

(用两支彩笔分别在表示肯定和否定意义的词下面画线。)

[vt]加强，强调

They also underline that drinking too much can cause liver problems.

19. forum [N][C] 论坛；讨论会

It also provided a forum for the latest research results.

(它还为最新研究成果提供了一个论坛。)

20. visual [adj]视觉的

Children learn to read by understanding visual symbols.

21. barrier [N][C]障碍

A lack of education is a barrier to a good job.

22. hinder [vt]阻碍，妨碍，阻止

In other words, it would help the company's business, not hinder it.

23. prevent [v]预防；阻碍；阻止

Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing.

The police have been trying to prevent them carrying weapons.

25. instructor [N]教师；指导者

He worked as a dance instructor in London.

instruct

[vt] 教育，指导

He was sent to instruct the workers in operating the new machine.

[vt]指示，命令；通知

Tourists are instructed not to take pictures inside the building.

The manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.

26. absolutely [adv]完全地；彻底地；绝对地

My answer is absolutely yes.

Jill is absolutely right…

27. explicit [adj]清楚的；直截了当的

He's not being very explicit about his plans, is he?

28. comment

[N][C]意见；评论

The author gives useful comment on many of the ideas discussed.

He was new to the team and wasn't sure whether or not he should give his comments on their direction.

[vi] 评论

I am in no position to comment on the matter. (我无权对此事发表评论。)

29. attentive

[adj]注意的；专心的；留意的

Our group was even more attentive than usual.

[adj] 关心的；体贴的；殷勤的

He was always attentive to his wife. (他对妻子总是很体贴。)

30. assimilate [vt]吸收，理解，掌握

It will take time to assimilate all these new ideas.

31. critical

[adj]极为重要的，关键性的

His help is critical to our success.

[adj]评论的

He made a critical analysis of the event.

32. take in理解；领会；领悟I couldn't take in why you are angry.

take down 取下，拿下Alice took the painting down from the wall.

写下；记录I took down his comments in shorthand.

(我用速记法把他的评论记录了下来。) 33. analysis [N]分析，分解

We did an analysis of the way that government money has been spent in the past.

34. effective

[adj]有效的，起作用的Effective communication is vital in problem solving.

[adj] 生效的The new law will be effective from April 16th.

35. facilitator [N][C] 促进者，推动者

The tutor is the facilitator of learning, while the learner is active.

(家教固然能促进学习，学习者自身才起主动作用。) facilitate [vt] 使容易；有助

With modern technology, the process of communication is greatly facilitated.

(有了现代化设备，交流的过程大大便利了。)

36. quality

[N][C]质量；品质

Everyone can greatly improve the quality of life.

[adj]优质的，高质量的

We have been successful because we are offering a quality service.

Passage B Key to successful online learning

The ideal qualities of successful online students:

1.Be open-minded about sharing life, work, and learning experiences as part of online

learning.

2.Be able to communicate through writing.

3.Be willing to “speak up” if problems arise.

4.Take the program seriously.

5.Accept critical thinking and decision making as part of online learning.

6.Be able to think ideas through before replying.

7.Keep up with the progress of the course.

1.While的用法

While regular schools still exist, the virtual classroom playa an important role in today’s learning community.（让步状语从句）

While explaining something to others, students reinforce their own knowledge about the subject.（时间状语从句）

A、while 用作名词时，意为“一段时间，一会儿”。例如：

I stayed there for a short while.

The postman came a short while ago.

B、while 用作连词时，有以下几种含义：

1. 意为“当……时候，和……同时”，引导时间状语从句。

While I was watching TV，the bell rang.

Meimei watched TV while she ate her supper.

2. 意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。

While it was late，he went on working.

While he is in poor health，he works hard.

3. 连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。

He went out for a walk，while I stayed at home.

I like singing while she likes dancing.

You like sports，while I prefer music.

C、while 引导状语从句时，应注意以下几点：

1. while引导的时间状语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句末；而while引导的让步状

语从句一般放在句首，不放在句末。另外，也可以从意义上加以区分。

While he was tired，he went on working.

（虽然他累了，但他还是继续工作。）（while 引导让步状语从句）

While he was tired，he would have a rest.

（他累了就休息一会儿。）（while 引导时间状语从句）

2. while 引导让步状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主

语和谓语动词be 都可以省略。

While he was ill, he went there. （= While ill，he went there.）

（虽然他有病，但他还是去那里了。）

3. while 和when 都可以引导时间状语从句，但应注意：while 引导的时间状语从

句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词；而when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，while和when可以互相替换。

While we were talking，the teacher came in.

The bus had left when we arrived at the bus stop.

（arrive 是非延续性动词，因此，此句中的when 不能用while 替换。）

When/ While we were having a meeting，our teacher came in.

（have 是延续性动词，因此，句中的when 可以用while 替换。）

4. while 引导的状语从句还可以表示“某个动作正在进行的同时，另一个动作也在

进行之中”。

While the teacher was speaking，the students were listening.

While he was writing，I was reading.

2.play a role in 起作用；扮演~角色

Online learning is playing a very important role in education.

Mny famous actors have played the role of Hamlet.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c4333541.html,munity

[N][C] 团体；界

There are four ways you can help provide this important service to our academic community. （你可以通过四种方式协助向我们学会提供这项重要服务。）

[N][C] 区；社区居民

They made regulations to better manage the community.

（他们确立规章制度，以更好地管理社区。）

4.expand [v] （使）变大；（使）扩张；（使）膨胀

Ever since he started school, he has tried to expand his mind with new information.

(从开始上学起，他就想用新知识充实头脑。)

5.be/become aware of认识到，知道，觉察到

Are you aware of my coming? 你知道我要来吗？

I was not aware that you had already heard of the news. 不知道你们已经听说了这消息。

6.unique

[adj] 极不寻常的，极好的

The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see the artist's work.

[adj] 唯一的，独特的，独一无二的

Each person's fingerprints are unique.

7.ideal

[adj]最好的，理想的ideal place for a home would be near a park.

[adj]想象的，理想化的Plato dreamed of an ideal society. 柏拉图梦想有一个理想社会。

8.as part of ~的一部分

You could mention this research as part of your discussion.

9.in addition另外，加之

In addition, this snow also caused at least three people were killed.

They bought some junk food in addition.

10.reflect on深思，考虑

He had time to reflect on his successes and failures.

他有时间对自己的成功和失败进行反思。

11.in this way 这样，以这种方式

In this way pollution can be slowed down.

12.perspective [N][C] 视角；观点

Lawyers and economists often approach problems from different perspectives.

律师与经济学家看待问题的角度往往是不同的。

We must look at the problem in the right perspective if we are to make positive change in the way we do things. 如果要积极改变我们做事的办法, 必须以正确的眼光看待这个问题。

13.peer [N][C] 同龄人；同等地位的人

The boy was popular with his peers.那个男孩很受同龄人的欢迎。

American children did not do as well in math as their peers in China.

美国儿童在数学方面的表现不如中国儿童。

14. be willing to do乐意做某事;愿意

Be flexible, be creative and be willing to try something new.

15.speak up

说出意见或看法

If you never speak up, people will not know how you feel.

大声说

Could you speak up so I can hear you, please?

16.arise (arose, arisen)

[vi]出现；发生

All staff members are expected to work overtime, if the need arises.

[vi]（由…）引起，（由…）产生

Errors and mistakes often arise from poor judgment.

17.otherwise [conj]否则，不然

Make a note of the questions you want to ask, otherwise you will forget some of them.

18.reinforce [vt]强化；加固

Cultural and family values often reinforce traditional beliefs.

文化和家庭价值观往往强化传统信仰。

When the wall began to fall apart, it became clear that somebody should reinforce it with new materials. 当墙开始倒塌，显然要用新材料来加固。

19.in fact实际上；事实上

In fact there are other models to consider.

20.requirement [n]要求；要求的东西

I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.

21.be finished with做完，完成

Aren't you finished with the wash up yet?

When you are finished with the book, give it back to me.

22.valued

[adj] 经估价的

a painting valued at ten thousand dollars

[adj]宝贵的，受到尊重的

The friendship of the two countries was old and valued.

23.input [N][U]输入；投入

Any information that you put into a computer is taken as input.

输进计算机的任何信息均被视为输入。

Almost everyone involved had some input into what went wrong, so they should all share the blame. 几乎所有人都参与了，所以都要对出现的错误承担一定责任。

24.essential

[adj]必不可少的，非常重要的

It is essential to remember every detail. |记住每个细节非常重要。

[N][C]要素；要点

the essentials of English grammar |英语语法要点

25.allow for为...留出余地；考虑到

We must start early to allow for troubles we might have in finding her house.

考虑到她的房子不好找，我们得早点出发。

It will take you an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.

把路上耽搁的时间算进去，你要用一个小时才能到车站。

26.on sb.'s part/on the part of sb. 某人所做的；就某人而言

It was the mistake on my part. 这是我的错。

There are still doubts on the part of the students. 这些学生仍然心存疑虑。

27.normally [adv]通常；正常地

The museum isn't normally as crowded as this.博物馆通常不像这样拥挤。

Although they normally work a 40-hour week, much overtime is often required.

尽管他们一般一周工作40小时，还是常常被要求加班。

28.sequential [adj] 连续的

The numbers are arranged in sequential order.这些号码是按顺序排列的。

sequence [N] 连续；一连串

a sequence of good news

[N]次序，顺序

The chairs are numbered in sequence. |椅子按顺序编号。

The numbers are out of sequence. |这些号码顺序乱了。

29.vital

[adj] 极其重要的

In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.

[adj]有生命的，充满生机的

He is a strong, vital man.

30.catch up (with) 赶上，追上

He is studying hard to catch up with his classmates.他正努力学习以赶上其他同学。

Run faster! They are catching up with us. 跑快点！他们快追上咱们了。

31.personally [adv] 亲自

The President wrote to us personally to thank us for our hard work.

The teacher wants to talk to you personally.

32.remind sb of sth使想起；提醒

The photo always reminds me of college days. 这张相片总让我想起大学里的日子。

She never forgets to remind her husband of his promises.

她从不忘记提醒丈夫他曾许下的诺言。Exercises

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c4333541.html,e forward自告奋勇，自愿；主动提供（帮助或服务）

A vital witness came forward to say that she saw Tom wearing the boots.

2.disabled [adj]残废的，有缺陷的

There are toilet facilities for the disabled.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c4333541.html,mit

[vt]使用；用于

A lot of money and time has been committed to this project.

[vt]犯（错误、罪行等）；干（蠢事、坏事等）

He said this was the worst mistake that he had ever committed.

4.directions指示；说明；指路

He gave Dan directions to the computer room.

5.somewhat [adv]稍微；有点；达到某种程度

Although his relationship with his mother had improved somewhat, he was still depressed.

6.deal with处理；应付；与…打交道

I learn how to deal with my own problems

7.practical

[adj]实际的；实用的

This practical guidebook teaches you about relaxation, time management and so on.

[adj]（意见和方法）切实有效的，可行的

It is not easy to make practical suggestions for helping her.

8.accomplish [vt] 完成；达到（目的）

Working together, we can accomplish more than acting alone.

9.be proud of骄傲,自豪

We should be proud of our nobel prize winners.

10. involve in参加；使参与,陷入,牵扯到；涉及

Involve in new product introduction.

Do not involve in that matter.

11.take risks 冒险做可能失败的事

When things go well you can take risks; when things are bad you want to play it safe.

情况好的时候你可以冒点险，情况坏的时候你就会希望稳当点。

新视野大学英语读写教程__第三册(vocabulary答案+翻译)

第一单元Section A 1、with his index finger, Patterson pointed toward a plan color-coded box beneath a long wooden table.他的食指向帕特森表示计划颜色盒长的木头桌子下面。 2、He disguised himself as a waiter and watched what was going on around. 他把自己伪装成一个服务员看着周围发生了什么事情。 3、He often whistles a tune during the morning tea break when his boss is not around. 他经常口哨曲子在上午茶休息的时候，他的老板不在身边。 4、And again she shouted in a high-pitched voice, word by word, with no attempt to restrain herself,“I cannon stand any more. 她又喊高音，一字一句，没有试图克制自己，“我炮忍受。 5、There were certain people in that room, like perter and John, who had failed to grasp what I was saying. 这个房间一定的人，像彼得和约翰，谁没有明白我在说什么。 6、During that time I was overwhelmed with longing for those innocent days of early childhood. 那段时间我不胜向往纯真的童年时光。 7、I’m just praying that the board of directors will take steps before it is too late. 我只是祈祷，董事会将采取的步骤之前，已经太晚了。 8、She was the director’s faithful assistant in whom he could have absolute confidence. 她是导演的忠实助手在他可以有绝对的信心。 9、These developers pledge to build low-income housing units when the supply of affordable housing for poor people continues to shrink. 这些开发商承诺建立低收入住房单位时，穷人的经适房供应继续缩小。 10、People have been mobilized to build defenses and drain f looded lad as heavy rains continue to fall.人有被动员起来，建立防御和排水淹水的小伙子暴雨持续下降。第二单元Section A 1、Church Mill, although of fairly moderate size compared with some of its neighbors, is a delightful two-story building of stone. 教会厂，虽然相当大小适中的一些邻国相比，是一个愉快的两层楼建筑的石头。 2、If your weight remains constant you must be using up all your calories, but if you are gaining weight then some of the calories you consume are being stored as fat. 如果你的体重保持不变，你必须使用你所有的卡路里，但如果你增加体重然后一些你消耗的卡路里作为脂肪存储。 3、I don’t think it advised that Tim be assigned the job since he has no experience.我不想劝提姆是分配工作，因为他没有经验。 4、Meals also have to be modified from their original state so that they will have a beneficial effect on the body. 膳食也必须从它们的原始状态修改，使得它们不会对人体具有有益的效果。 5、His face was very red, which was a clear evidence of his fever. 他的脸很红，这是他发烧的明确的证据。 6、Families with children tend to be restricted as to when they can take their

新视野大学英语1读写教程

新视野大学英语1读写教程 Unite 1 一、Words in use 选词填空 Explore（v. 勘探，探测）transmit（v. 传送，传递，传播）resource（n. 资源）emerge（v. 岀现，为? ??所公认）yield（v. 产生，岀产，屈从，让步）pose（v. 摆姿势，导致）assume（v. 认为，假定，假设）confiden ce（ n. 信任信赖，自信心）in herit（v. 沿袭，秉承，继承）c omprehe nsive（a. 综合的，多方面的） 1. Give n the cha nee to show his ability, he rega ined con fide nee and bega n to succeed in school. 2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocea n because some part s are very deep. 3. It was about 30 sec onds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared. 4. We ofte n assume that whe n other people do the same thi ngs as we do, the y do them for the same reas ons; but this assumpti on is not always

reas on able. 5. There is widespread concern that the risi ng un employme nt may pose a ______ threat to social stability. 6. After a（n） comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high. 7. It is well known that China is a country with rich n atural resources an _____________ d a very big populati on. 8. Some people believe that the earth can yield enou gh food to support at least twice its present population.

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新视野读写教程第一册课后答案.txt台湾一日不收复，我一日不过4级！如果太阳不出来了，我就不去上班了；如果出来了，我就继续睡觉！新视野大学英语（第一册）答案 Unit 1 Section A. Learning a Foreign Language 《读写教程 I》: Ex. II, p. 7 1. The kind and patient teacher and her positive method of praising all students often. 2. In junior middle school, his English teacher was kind and patient. He liked to answer questions in class and he made much progress in English. But, in his senior middle school, his teacher punished those who gave wrong answers. He didn’t want to answer questions any more in class. As a result, he did not make much progress in English. 3. In college and junior middle school, his English teachers were both patient and kind, but he didn’t have as many chances to answer questions in college as he did in junior middle school. 4. It requires much time, commitment and discipline to keep up with the flow of the course. 5. Hard work. 6. He could take all the time he needed to consider his ideas and write a reply before posting it on the screen. 7. Learning a foreign language taught him the value of hard work and gave him insights into another culture. 8. He could communicate with many more people than before. 《读写教程 I》: Ex. III, p. 7 1. embarrass

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第一册第一单元习题全翻译及答案

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