2013考研英语必备从句之--状语从句

状语从句

定义：在句子中起状语作用的句子叫做状语从句。

状语从句可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、方式、比较、目的和结果等意义。不同的状语从句要用不同的从属连词来

（一）时间状语从句

1. when/ while/ as

when：从句动作与主句动作同时发生，或先于主句动作。

while：仅表示从句动作与主句同时发生，并且具有延续意义。

as ：从句动作与主句相并发生，常常译为“边…边…”

例：When father had an extra dollar, he bought a book.

当父亲有钱时，他就买书看。（指一点时间）

While the child was playing with his toys, his parents were

reading books.

孩子在玩玩具，他父母在看书。（指一段时间）

They shouted slogans as they passed the square.

他们高呼着口号，通过广场。（指相并发生的动作）

[注]when有时可用作并列连词，表示“就在那时”，常常出现在以下结构中：

be about to do something when…

be doing something when…

had hardly/ almost done something when…

2. before/ after

before：引导的从句，通常表示主句的动作发生在从句之前。如果从句是过去时，主句要用过去完成时。

after ：引导的从句，通常表示主句的动作发生在从句之后。如果主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去完成时。

例：Soon after Margaret returned, the child died .

玛格丽特回来不久，这孩子就死了。

Read your lease before you sign.

在签租房合同前一定要仔细阅读。

Lenin had never heard English spoken before he went to

London.

列宁在去英国之前，从来没听见别人讲英语。

3. as soon as/ directly/ immediately/ once

这几个连词引导的从句都表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，常译为“一….就….”

例：As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.

我一走进去，凯瑟琳就高兴得叫了起来。

Directly he was out of sight of her, he wanted to see her.

他一看不到她就想见她。

I didn’t wait a moment, bu t came immediately you call.

我一刻也没等，你电话一来我就到了。

Once a beginning is made, the work is half done.

工作一旦开始，便可说完成了一半。

4. till/ until

两者都表示“直到…”意义上无差别，但是在句首只能用until.

例：Wait till you’re called.

等着叫你吧。

Until we have thought it over, we will take no steps.

在这件事未经考虑之前，我们不采取任何措施。

（二）原因状语从句

1. because/ as/ since

三者为引导原因状语从句的主要连词。because的语气最强，as/ since 表示原因，语气通常较弱。because引出的状语从句一般置于主句后面，as/ since引出的原因状语从句通常放在句首。

例：Since we’ve no money, we can’t buy it.

由于我们没有钱，我们不能买它。

You should not get angry just because some people speak ill of you.

你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就发怒。

As all the seats were full he stood up.

由于所有的座位都满了，他只好站着。

2. now that/ seeing that/ considering that/ in that

以上连词词组也可引出原因状语从句。

例：Now that you are ready, we’ll start working at once.

既然你准备好了，我们马上开始工作吧。

It is still in excellent condition considering that it was built 600 years ago.

它至今保存良好，要知道它可是600年前建的。

Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps to

correct our mistakes.

批评和自我批评是由必要的，因为它有助于改正我们的错误。

（三）地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句的连词有：where在…地方, wherever在任何地方，everywhere每…地方。

例：Where there is oppression, there is opposition.

哪里有压迫，哪里就有反抗。

Wherever they appeared, they were ovations.

不管他们出现在哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。

You are able to go wherever you like.

你想去哪儿就去哪儿吧。

（四）条件状语从句

1.if/ unless

两者都是条件状语从句中最常用的连接词，unless在意义上等于

“if …not”.

例：She is far too considerate, if I may say so.

如我直言，她太体谅人了。

He won’t finish his work in time unless he work hard.

除非他努力干，否则他就不会按时把工作做完。

2.as long as/ on condition that/ providing that/ in case 例：In case it rains, do not expect me.

如若下雨，就别等我了。

As long as you try, you will succeed.

只要你尝试，你就会取得成功。

I will lend you this book on condition that you return it to me

before Friday.

我可以把这本书借给你，条件是你能在星期我前还我。

（五）让步状语从句

1．though/ although/ even if/ even though

以上四个连词都做“尽管”“虽然”解，但是even if和even though

所表示让步的语气最强，although次之，though最弱。

例：He is unhappy though he has a lot of money.

虽然他很有钱，可是他并不幸福。

Atoms can be weighed even though we cannot see them.

虽然我们看不见原子，但是能算出它们的重量。

Hank is an honest man, even though I have opposed him.

汉克是个诚实的人，尽管我曾经反对过他。

[注] while有时也可引导一个让步状语从句，但一般只用于句首。

例：W hile I like the color of the hat, I don’t like its shape.

我虽然喜欢这帽子的颜色，可是不喜欢它的样式。

While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree they

cannot be solved.

尽管我承认存在着一些问题，但是我不认为无法解决。

（六）比较状语从句

1．as(同级比较)/ than(不同程度的比较)

2．the more … the more … / just as …，s o…;

A is to

B what / as X is to Y / no … more than / not A so

much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.

The house is three times as big as ours.

The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。（七）方式状语从句

1. as如同，就像

as引导方式状语从句时，意思是“in the same manner that…”。可修饰动作或状态。

例：Air to man as water is to fish.

空气对于人，就如水对于人一样。

I did it as you told me.

我是照你说的办的。

2. as if/as though

as if和as though两者意义相同，即：好像，仿佛。在他们引出的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反。as if比as though 更常用。

例：He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.

他说起英语来好像是个英国人。

The patient looked as though she had recovered.

这个病人看起来好像已经痊愈了。

When he had finished he waited as though for a reply.

他说完之后好像在等着答复。

（八）目的状语从句

1.so that/ in order that

以上两者均表示“为了，以便”。从现在时的从句中，谓语动词常为may, can或will；在过去时的从句中，一般用could或should.

例：I am going to make an early start tomorrow so that I won’t get stuck in the traffic.

明天我要早点动身，以免碰上交通堵塞。

Work hard so that you can succeed.

好好干以便你能或获得成功。

He came in quietly in order that he shouldn’t wake up his

wife.

他轻轻地进了屋，以便不吵醒妻子。

Mary talked to the shy girl so that he wouldn’t feel left alone.

马丽同那害羞的姑娘交谈，为了不使她受冷落。

2. in case/ lest/ for fear that

以上三个连词也可引导一个相当于目的状语的从句，表示“以防”，

“以免”。从句中的动词可用虚拟语气，形势为：should + 动词原

形；如不用虚拟语气，要用于办现在时或一般过去时。

例：Batteries must be kept in dry places in case electricity should leak away.

电池应放在干燥点的地方，以防漏电。

She took John’s address with her, in case she should have

time to see him when she was in London.

她带上了约翰的地址，以便在伦敦有空时去看他。

（九）结果状语从句

1. so…that/ such…that

这两者都可以引导结果状语从句，不同的是so后面须接形容词或副词，such后面可

接名词也可单独作表语，表示由此程度而导致某种结果。

例：The professor speaks so fast we find it difficult to follow him.

这个教授讲话如此之快，我们感到很难理解他的意思。

He gave me such good advice that I finish the task easily.

他给我的建议非常之好，我很顺利地完成了任务。

The film was such that everyone was deeply moved.

这个电影那么精彩，观众都被深深的打动了。

2. so that/ that/ so

三者均可直接接引出结果状语从句。so that较常用；so和that多用于口语。

例：They missed the bus, so that they were late for class.

他们误了车，所以上课迟到了。

What have I done that he should be so angry with me?

我究竟做了什么让他如此生气？

The swan was protected by law, so that it increased in number rapidly.

天鹅受法律保护，所以其数量很快增加了。

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