考点10 状语从句-2018年中考英语语法考点纵览

中考英语语法考点纵览 10——状语从句

一、状语从句概述

1、状语从句的定义：状语从句指用作状语，起副词作用的从句。

2、状语从句的分类：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句

二、状语从句考点纵览

考点一：时间状语从句考点1：when, as和while引导的时间状语从句。

① when, as和while引导时间状语从句均表示“当……时候”。

典型例句

It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday. 当我昨天到学校的时候正在下雨。While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. 当他正在做作业的时候，电话响了。

As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. 他一边沿着湖边走，一边开心地唱着歌。

②时间状语从句引导词while, when和as的区别。

◆when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如：

When he came in, his mother was cooking. 当他进来的时候，他妈妈正在烧饭。

When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在学校的时候，我们每天都会去图书馆。

◆while表示时间段，因此，while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。另外while还可以表示对比。如：

Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候请不要大声说话。Tom’s brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard. 汤姆的哥哥正在玩电脑游戏然而汤姆正在努力地学习。

◆as与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有“随着……”或“一边……一边……”之意。

As you get older, you get more knowledge. 随着年龄的增长，你获得的知识就越多。

考点2：before“在……之前”和after“在……之后”引导的时间状语从句。

典型例句

He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. 在来中国之前，他已经学了点汉语了。

After he had finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. 中学毕业后，他就去工厂上班了。

考点3：until/till“直到……”引导的时间状语从句。

在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

典型例句

The young man read till the light went out. 这个年轻人读书一直读到关灯。

Let’s wait until the rain stops.让我们等到雨停了吧。

We won’t start until Bob comes.保罗来了我们才会开始。

Don’t get off until t he bus stops. 直达公交车停了，再下车。

考点4：as soon as“一……就……”引导的时间状语从句。

As soon as I arrive, I will call you. 我一到我就给你打电话。

He will be happy as soon as he thinks of his childhood. 一想起他的童年，他就会很开心。

考点5：since“自从……”引导的时间状语从句。

since引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作，从过去的某一点时间持续到现在，从句时态常用一般过去时，主句的时态一般用现在完成时。

典型例句

He has not written to me since he graduated from high school. 自从他中学毕业以来，一直没有写信给我。

We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago. 自从两年前来到学校以来，我们已彼此熟悉了。

考点6：在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

典型例句

I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.我一到纽约，我就给你打电话。

I will tell him everything when he comes back. 当他回来时，我会告诉你关于他的一切。He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.只有他亲眼看到，他才会相信。

考点二：条件状语从句考点1：条件状语从句通常由if“如果……”, unless“除非……”引导。

典型例句

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? 如果明天下雪，我们怎么办？

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.不要离开这栋楼除非我告诉你离开。

考点2：在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

典型例句

I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. 如果我明天有空，我就帮你学习英语。

He won’t be late unless he is ill. 除非他生病，否则他不会迟到的。

考点3：“祈使句+ and (or)+ 陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。

典型例句

Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.快点，不然你就迟到了。

Study hard and you will pass the exam.

=If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过这次考试。

考点三：

地点状语从句考点1：地点状语从句常常由where来引导。

Go where you like. 去你想去的地方。

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

考点四：原因状语从句考点1：原因状语从句通常由because, since, as和for引导。

典型例句

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.因为生病了，所以他没来上学。

As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. 因为下雨了，我们不去动物园了。

Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.既然你回答不了这个问题，我就问其他人了。

He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为我不在那里。

考点2：because,as,since和for 的区别。

because用于表示直接原因，回答why提出的问题，语气最强；as用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成“由于”；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然”；for表示原因时，只能放在主句之后，起到补充说明的作用。

典型例句

---Why didn’t you go there? ---Because I did n’t want to.你为什么没去那里，因为我不想去。

Water is very important because we can't live without it. 水非常重要因为我们生活离不开水。

He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill. 他昨天没来，因为他妈生病了。

I'll do it for you since you are busy. 既然你忙，我就帮你做吧。

It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨天晚上肯定下雨了，因为地是湿的。

考点3：because和so不能同时在一个句子中出现。

Because he spends little time learning English, he fails in the exam.

=He spends little time learning English, so he fails in the exam. 因为他很少花时间学英语，所以考试没过。

考点五：结果状语从句考点1：结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。

典型例句

He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.他如此穷以至于他不能给他儿子买自行车。

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. 她是个如此好的老师，以至于每个人都很喜欢她。

My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.我的铅笔掉到桌子底下了，以至于我看不到它。

考点2：so…that与such...that可以互换。

①在so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。

典型例句

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.他如此开心，以至于说不出话来了。

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. 大厅如此之大以至于可以容纳二千人。Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 妈妈住的如此地远以至于我很少能见到他。

②在such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰名词。其结构是：“...such + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+ that + 从句”、“...such +形容词+可数名词复数+ that + 从句”和“...such +形容词+不可数名词+ that + 从句”

典型例句

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天如此的热以至于没人想做事情。

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. 他胳膊如此的长，以至于他可以够到天花板。

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exams. 他进步很快，以至于他期中考试考的很好。

③有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。

典型例句

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.

=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

电影如此的好看，以至于我们都还想再看一遍。

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.

=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

这是一次非常重要的比赛，以至于没人想错过。

考点3：如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。

典型例句

There were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. 有如此多的鹿以至于它们吃完了所有的野玫瑰。

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.他几乎没有时间所以不能和你一起去看电影。

考点六：目的状语从句考点1：目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导。

典型例句

We started early so that we could catch the first train. 我们出发的很早为了能够赶上第一班火车。

He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future. 他学习很努力为了以后能够找个好工作。

We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们用电脑为了节省时间。

考点2 ：so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。

区别这两种从句的办法有两个：①目的状语从句里往往带有情态

动词can, could, may, might等。②从意思上看，目的状语从句往

往表示的目的很明确。结果状语从句前面有时会加上逗号。例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的)

Jack is badly ill, so that he has to rest. (结果)

考点七：让步状语从句考点1：though和although引导让步状语从句表示“虽然，纵然”之意。

这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet或still连用，但不能与but连用。

典型例句

My will remain firm though I must lower my physical sights. 尽管我得降低体育（锻炼）的目标，但我的意志是坚强的。

Though I believe it,yet I must consider. 尽管我相信这一点，但我还得考虑考虑。Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。

Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。

考点2：even if和even though 引导让步状语从句表示“即使……”，“纵使……”之意。

典型例句

We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.

即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。

Even if he is poor,she loves him. 即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。

Even though he is poor,she loves him. 尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。

He seemed youthful even though he was an old man. 尽管他已经是老年人，但看上去仍然是朝气蓬勃的。

考点3：whether...or...引导让步状语从句表示“不论是否……”，

“不管是……还是……”之意。

典型例句

You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。

Whether you believe it or not,it's true. 无论你是否相信，这都是真的。

Whether or not they win this battle,they won't win the war. 不管他们是否能赢得这次战役，他们绝不会赢得这场战争。

考点4：“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“无论……都……；不管……都……”。

典型例句

No matter what happened,he would not mind.

=Whatever happened,he would not mind.

无论发生了什么事情，他都不会介意的。

No matter who you are,you must keep the law.

=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.

不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。

Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you.

无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

考点八：比较状语从句考点1：比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级+ than…等连词引导。

典型例句

Tom runs faster than John does. 汤姆跑的比约翰快。

This classroom is as big as that one. 这个教室和那个一样大。

考点九：方式状语从句考点1：as或(just) as引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，意思是“正如…”，“就像”。

典型例句

Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, we should sweep backward

ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东

西。

考点2：as if和as though引导方式状语从句，意为"仿佛……似的"，"好像……

似的"。

典型例句

They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they

never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。

He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击

了似的。

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。

三、巩固训练

(2016●常州市)1. --- ______will the discussion last?

--- we reach an agreement.

A. How long; Not until

B. When;Not until

C. How long;Until

D. When;Until

(2015●常州市)2.---Jenny,will you leave for the USA now?

---No. It will be two weeks________I leave here.

A. until

B. since

C. before

D. when

(2013●淮安市)3. Many people do not realize the importance of health they have fallen ill.

A. until

B. while

C. when

D. after

(2015●淮安市)4. I was writing a diary ______ my brother was watching TV yesterday evening.

A. before

B. after

C. until

D. while

(2013●连云港市)5. I won't watch basketball matches_____ James is playing. He pays much attention to teamwork.

A. unless

B. if

C. although

D. since

(2014●南京市)6. ______ Lin Feng has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face.

A. Because

B. If

C. Until

D. Though

(2014●南通市)7. You can join the Reading Club_______you can go to the Dancing Club. Either is OK.

A.and

B.or

C.but

D.so

(2015●南通市)8.Pandas are facing danger！The situation won't change humans stop killing.

A.unless

B.though

C.if

D.after

(2016●南通市)9.Jack is still working to high standards he has made great achievements.

A.until

B.if

C.though

D.because

(2014●苏州市)10.Read this article, you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.

A.or

B.and

C.but

D.so

(2016●苏州市)11. To make your DIY work perfect , you'd better not start you get all the tools ready .

A. when

B. while

C. before

D. after

(2015●泰州市)12. --- Doctor, I've got a headache.

--- Don't worry. Just take some medicine, ________ you'll be OK again.

A. and

B. but

C. so

D. or

(2015●泰州市)13. There are fewer and fewer tigers in India. The situation will continue _____ humans stop hunting them for their fur and bones.

A. if

B. unless

C. because

D. since

(2016●泰州市)14. ---The novel seems a little boring.

---You won't enjoy it you put your heart into it.

A. when

B. if

C. after

D. unless

(2014?无锡市)15.On those foggy days,you could hardly see anything around you it was at noon.

A.so

B.because

C.but

D.though

(2015?无锡市)16.I think you should complain, , of course, you are happy with the situation.

A. unless

B. however

C. until

D. though

(2016?无锡市)17. Could you help me with housework _____________ you are free today?

A. since

B. though

C. unless

D. until

(2013?宿迁市)18. Helen didn't know anything about it her father told her.

A if B. because C. after D. until

(2014?徐州市)19. Jim is always so busy he has little time for his family.

A.if

B.until

C.that

D.which

(2015?徐州市)20.My grandfather doesn't have any hobbies --- __________ you call playing cards a hobby.

A. if

B. when

C. since

D. unless (2016?徐州市)21.I went to work the next day, __________ I was still feeling unwell.

A. because

B. until

C. unless

D. though

(2012?盐城市)22. You will fall behind others you work hard.

A. if

B. unless

C. though

D. since

(2013?盐城市)23.Learning to write is learning to think. You don't know things clearly____you can write them down.

A. unless

B. if

C. since

D. whether

(2014?盐城市)24. I'm going to take him to some famous hutongs_______ he can learn more about China.

A. because

B. when

C. so that

D. as if

(2015?盐城市)25. Don't go out ___ the rain stops. Otherwise, you'll get wet!

A.after

B. since

C. when

D. until

答案解析

1.选C。此题表示“讨论将会持续多长时间？”“将会一直持续到我们达成一致”。

2.选C。此题表示“再过两周我就走了”。

3.选A。not...until...表示“直到……才……”。

4.选D。这里选择while表示两个动作都正在进行。

10.选B。and表示递进关系。

11.选C。此题表示“在你准备好所有工具之前，最好不要开始”。

12.选A。and表示递进关系。

13.选B。这里表示否定的条件，用unless表示“如果不”。

14.选D。unless表示“除非、如果不”。

15.选D。though表示“虽然、即使”。

16.选A。unless表示“除非”。

17.选A。since表示“既然、由于”。

18.选D。not...until...表示“直到……才……”。

19.选C。so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句 【知识方法】 先行词：名词或代词 定语从句 关系代词 关系词 关系副词 【知识清单】 定语从句 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that，who，whom(只做宾语) 主语 宾语 表语 人Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

that，which 主语 宾语 表语物、时间、 地 点、原因 She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her． 她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。 whose 定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard． 他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine． 窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语时间I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing． 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语地点This is the school where my mother works． 这就是我妈妈工作的学校。 why 状语原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你 能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)： 1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. The girl that has long hair is my sister. 2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. The fish which we bought were not fresh. 3．who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)

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