英语 第一学期试题
2013 Graduate Students Final Examination Paper
I. Match Column A with Column B. (20’)
1.consensual a. cause great suffering of the mind or body
2.futility b. happen at the same time or during the same period of time
3.rationale c. change completely in form, appearance, or nature
4.inequity d. something of value, such as property, goods, etc.
5.substantial e. (cause to ) get together
6.transform f. uselessness, useless action or thing
7.congregate g. of large, ample, or considerable amount, quantity, etc.
8.distress h. unfairness, lack of equity
9.asset i. the reason on which a system or practice is based
10.coincide j. brought about by mutual consent
11.requisite k. the Internet and the information on it
12.crystallize l. tending to promote well-being, beneficial
13.eminent m. irrelevant
14.impressionable n. breathe in
15.benign o. give a definite and permanent form
16.cyberspace p. outstanding
17.inhale q. less important, junior in rank
18.artificial r. required, essential
19.extraneous s. easily noticeable
20.subordinate t. man-made
II. Choose the best one to complete each of the following sentences.(10’)
1.If your car _________ on a turnpike, wait for assistance.
a. is wrong
b. conks out
c. damaged
d. rattle
2. Stocks may _________ today, but droop tomorrow.
a. fall
b. rise
c. increase
d. boom
3. All this ceremony is just ___________ ; it doesn‘t mean a thing.
a. for show
b. on show
c. a show-off
d. a show-up
4. Anna did what she could to keep the marriage from ___________.
a. ruin
b. divorce
c. worn down
d. falling apart
5. The government _____________ the number of foreign cars that could be imported.
a. restrains
b. restricts
c. prevents
d. refrains
6. She tried to _______ into my mind and discover what I was thinking.
a. prove
b. proof
c. probe
d. prevail
7. To ___________ some data, one has to consult a computer.
a. have
b. take
d. retrieve look for
8. After the rain, the orchard seems to have ___________ blossom overnight.
a. burst with
b. burst into
c. burst out
d. burst upon
9. Traffic is __________ by police at every intersection.
a. enforced
b. limited
c. imposed
d. regulated
10. She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will _____________.
a. bring her to her senses
b. drive her out of her senses
c. make sense of it
d. be in your senses
III．Reading Comprehension. (10’)
Passage 1
Biologically, there is only one quality which distinguishes us from animals: the ability to laugh. In a universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor, we enjoy this supreme luxury. And it is a luxury, for unlike any other bodily process, laughter does not seem to serve a biologically useful purpose. In a divide world, laughter is a unifying force. Human beings oppose each other on a great many issues. Nations may disagree about systems of government and human relations may be plagued by ideological factions and political camps, but we all share the ability to laugh. And laughter, in turn, depends on that most complex and subtle of all human qualities: a sense of humor Certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal. This can best be seen from the world-wide popularity of Charlie Chaplin‘s early films. The little man at odds with so ciety never fails to amuse no matter which country we come from. As that great commentator on human affairs, Dr. Samuel Johnson, once remarked, ?Men have been wise in very different modes; but they have always laughed in the same way.‘
A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter may be anything from a refined tingle to an earth quaking roar, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us to maintain a correct sense of values. It is the one quality which political fanatics appear to lack. If we can see the funny side, we never make the mistake of taking ourselves too seriously. We are always reminded that tragedy is not really far removed from comedy, so we never get a lop sided view of things.
This is one of the chief functions of satire and irony. Human pain and suffering are so grim; we hover so often on the brink of war; political realities are usually enough to plunge us into total despair. In such circumstances, cartoons and satirical accounts of somber political events redress the balance. They take the wind out of pompous and arrogant politicians who have lost their sense of proportion. They enable us to see that many of our most profound actions are merely comic or absurd. We laugh when a great satirist like Swift writes about war in Gull iver‘s Travels. The Lilliputians and their neighbors attack each other because they can‘t agree which end to break an egg. We laugh because we meant to laugh; but we are meant to weep too. It is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish.
The sense of humor must be singled out as man‘s most important quality because it is associated with laughter. And laughter, in turn, is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative – these are qualities we share with other forms of life. But the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, then it is the sense of humor that provides the key.
1. The most important of all human qualities is
[A] a sense of humor.
[B] A sense of satire.
[C] A sense of laughter.
[D] A sense of history.
2. The author mentions about Charlie Chaplin‘s early films because
[A] they can amuse people.
[B] Human beings are different from animals.
[C] They show that certain comic stereotypes have a universal appeal.
[D] They show that people have the same ability to laugh.
3. One of the chief functions of irony and satire is
[A] to show absurdity of actions.
[B] to redress balance.
[C] to take the wind out of politicians.
[D] to show too much grimness in the world.
4. What do we learn from th e sentence ?it is too powerful a weapon to be allowed to flourish in totalitarian regimes?‘
[A] It can reveal the truth of political events with satire.
[B] It can arouse people to riot.
[C] It shows tragedy and comedy are related.
[D] It can make people laugh.
5. Who is Swift?
[A] A novelist.
[B] A poet.
[C] A dramatist.
[D] An essayist.
Passage Two
Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?
The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.
A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.
The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of ―facts‖ and ―theories‖ or ―facts‖ and ―ideas‖—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.
Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.
6. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A] Philosophy of mathematics. [B] The Recent Growth in Science.
[C] The Verification of Facts. [D] Methods of Scientific Inquiry.
7. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is
[A] the similarity between the two periods.
[B] that it was an act of God.
[C] that both tried to develop the inductive method.
[D] due to the decline of the deductive method.
8. The difference between ―fact‖ and ―theory‖
[A] is that the latter needs confirmation.
[B] rests on the simplicity of the former.
[C] is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.
[D] helps us to understand the deductive method.
9. According to the author, mathematics is
[A] an inductive science. [B] in need of simple verification.
[C] a deductive science. [D] based on fact and theory.
10. The statement ―Theories are facts‖ may be called.
[A] a metaphor. [B] a paradox.
[C] an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.
[D] a pun.
IV. Translation
A．Translate the following sentences into English.(10’)
1.情况表明，美国的男性尽管在公众场合比女性健谈，在家里却比女性说话少。而正是这一现象使婚姻受到严重威胁。
2．在丰富性所包含的智慧以及严谨的精炼程度方面，没有一种现存的语言能与英语媲美。英语简单，发音清晰，词与词之间结构紧密。
3．一旦问题得到理解,情况自然有所改善。当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实
后，便会去找自己打朋友或家人说一说话。丈夫也不应觉得妻子提出了无理要求。
4．在信息空间，我们能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度，服务内容与使用权的控制制度，个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。
5．杰克正在想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，面对前方时，已经晚了一秒钟。
B. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (5)’
The first wave involved tangible products --- ―hardware‖, as opposed to the computer programs that constitute software. The second wave of wealth creation involved software-----―application‖ software that people use for work or recreation, and ―systems‖ software used to run businesses or computer networks themselves. But both the hardware and the software revolutions were, in their wealth-creating effects, slow to emerge compared to what is underway now because of the Internet. Tim Berners-Lee invented a scheme for linking data on a particular subject, or a series of subjects, that were stored on different computers in different places.
V. Writing 15’
Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words on “China Dream”.
高二英语 第一学期期末试题
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