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美国文学试题

( ) 1. The Fall of the House of the Usher

( ) 2. The House of the Seven Gables

( ) 3. Song of Myself

( ) 4. I Died for Beauty-but Was Scarce

( ) 5. The Prince and the Pauper

() 6. The Catcher in the Rye

( ) 7. Catch-22

( ) 8. The Naked and the Dead

( ) 9. The Victim

( ) 10. On the Road

( ) 11. Twice Told Tales

( ) 12. The Voice of the City

( ) 13. Life on the Mississippi

( ) 14. Annabel Lee

( ) 15. The Turn of the Screw

( ) 16. The Mysterious Stranger

( ) 17. them

( ) 18. Portnoy's Complaint

( ) 19. Howl

( ) 20. Life Studies

II. Write the names of the novels or poems according to the given passage. (10%)

( ) 1. There was the great city, bound more closely by ?these ?very ?trains which came up daily. Columbia City was not so very far away, even once

she was in Chicago.

( ) 2. The carriage held but just Ourselves

And Immortality

( ) 3. " I will go home with you," said Mr. Dimmesdale

( ) 4. My Captain doesn't answer, his lips are pale and still.

My father doesn't feel my arm, he has no pulse and will. ( ) 5. Helen, thy beauty is to me

Like those Nicean barks of yore

( ) 6. I Loaf and invite my soul

I Lean and loaf at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

( ) 7. But, on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at ?the ?threshold, was a wild rosebush, covered in this month of June, with?its ?delicate ?gems,?which ?might ?be imagined to offer their fragrance and ?frail beauty to the prisoner as he went in...

( ) 8. Were I with thee

Wild Nights should be Our luxury!

( ) 9.Art lives upon

?discussion,?upon?experiment,?upon?curiosity,?upon variety of attempt,upon the exchange of views and the comparison of stand-points... ( )10. The only reason for the existence ?of ?a ?novel ?is ?that ?it ?does attempt to represent life.

III.Some of the following statements are true,some are false,mark them. (15%)

( ) 1.The Calvinist doctrine of "original sin" exerted great influence up Hawthorne.

( ) 2.To Hawthorme sin will get punished,one way or another.

( ) 3.Roger ?Chillingworth,?the ?scholar,?the ?embodiment ?of ?pure ??intellect,??committed ??the "Unpardonable Sin".

( ) 4.Emily Dickinson didn't like using capital letters where small ones are needed.

( ) 5.Walt Whitman used parallelism and refrain in his poems.

( ) 6.Walt Whitman was regarded as the Zenith in American romantic poetry. ( ) 7.Dickinson was original.She never imitated others.

( ) 8.Allan Poe defined poetry as the rhythmical creation of beauty.

( ) 9.O.Henry seldom wrote about poor people.

( )10.According to Poe,art serves for pleasure.The chief ?aim ?of ?poetry ?is ?beauty,?namely,?to produce a feeling of beauty in the reader.

( )11.According to Dickinson,death means immortality.

( )12.According to Poe,truth is beauty,beauty true.

( )13.According to Henry James,the aim of the novel is to reflect life reality. ( )14.James wrote mostly of the upper reaches of American society,and Howells ?concerned ?himself chiefly with middle class life,whereas Twain dealt largely with the lower strata of society.

( )15.American writers,especially novelists were rather experimental after World War

( )16.Joyce Carol Oates was a famous Jewish writer.

( )17.Allen Ginsberg was the representative of the Beat Generation.

( )18.The Confessional Poets took Whitman as their model in writing.

( )19.Emily Dickinson was regarded as the forerunner of symbolism.

( )20.The Confessional Poets never wrote about themselves.

( )21.Allan Poe was regarded as the forerunner of American Imagism.

( )22.Literary criticism in Europe began with the theory?of ?literature ?and ?art ?as ?works ?of imitation of nature,as preached by Plato and Aristotle. ( )23.Allan Poe advocated "pure" poetry.

( )24.Mark Twain's contribution to the development of realism and to ?American ?literature ?as ?a whole was partly through his theories of localism in American ?fiction,?and ?partly ?through his themes.

( )25.Henry James adopted a new point of view in one of his novels.

( )26.The method of showing symbolizes the beginning of modern prose fiction. ( )27.Traditional novelists, especially the critical realistic ?novelists,?generally ?focused their attention on social significance.

( )28.Henry James discovered the trick of making his characters reveal ?themselves ?with ?minimal intervention of the author.

( )29.N.Hawthorne was a symbolic writer in some sense.

( )30.Whiteman's poetry suggests rather than tells.

IV. Explain (15%)

1. O.Henry's style

2.Henry James' contribution to American fiction

3.Walt Whitman was the pioneer of modern poetry

VI.Fill the blanks (30%)

2. The Leaves of Grass deals with the following themes (1)_________、

2)________、(3)__________、(4)___________、(?5)?____________、(?6)?___________、(?7)?____________、

(?8)?___________,?(9)____________and (10)_________________.

3. E.Dickinson was the pioneer of (1)_inmagism__ and (2) women literature.

4.Between(1)_ the Civil War in(2)_ America and(3)? the outbreak of the First World War in 4)1914 ,short story because a vogue.American short story writers are (1)?_ Irving (2) O.?Henry (3) Jack London (4)_ Henry James (5) Allan Poe etc.

5. Allan ?Poe ?was ?the ?inventor ?of ?(?1)? detective story,? the ?foreunner ?of (?2)?French symbolism and (3) Southern American Literature

美国文学史评分标准试题说明及试题答案

本题含20个小题，每小题1分，计20分。答案：

1.Allan Poe

2. Nathaniel Hawthorne

3. Walt Whitman

4. Emily Dickinson ?

5.?Mark Twain

6.J.D.Salinger

7. Joseph Heller

8. Norman Miller

9. Saul Bellow?????10.?Jack Kerouac

11.N.Hawthorne 12. O.Henry 13. Mark Twain 14. Allan

Poe 15.?Henny James

16.Mark Twain 17. Joyce Carol Oates 18. Philp Roth 19. Allen Ginsberg ?20.?Robert Lowell

第二大题共10个小题,每小题1分,计10分.本大题主张考察学生对所学作家的作品

内容掌握情况.答案:

1.Sister Carrie

2. Because I could Not Stop for Death

3. The Scarlet Letter ?

4.O Captain,My Captain

5. To Helen

6. Song of Myself

7. The Scarlet Letter

8.Wild Nights-Wild Nights

9. The Art of Fiction 10.The Art of Fiction

第三大题共10 个小题,每小题0.5分,计15分.该题综合考察学生对美国文学史上作家的艺术手法,创崐作风格,文学理论,文学背景,文学流派,作品涉及内容等的掌握情况.答案: 1.√ 2.√ 3.√ 4.× 5. √ 6. √7. √8. √9. ×10.√

11.√12.×13.√14.√15.×16.×17.√18.×19.× 20.×

21.×22.√23.√24.×25.√26.√27.√28.√29.√30.√

第四大题共3个小题，每小题5分共计15

1.要点:a.unexpected ending or surprising ending

b.His stories are short,his plots are clear and interesting

c.His stories are full of homor and irony

d.His stories have believable artistic exaggeration

2.要点:a.Henry James abandoned traditional ways of telling a story,developing a new ?point ?of view,in which one character also serves as narrator of a story.

b.He focused his attention on philosophical and psychological mearning ?of ?the ?novel,paying no attention to the social significance of the novel

c.He turned into the exploration of the characters' inner world or spiritual ?movement by abandoning plot.

3.要点:a.Whiteman broke the conventional English foot,meter,poetry

line,creating a free ?verse of long and short lines

b.He wrote about common people instead of aristocracy

c.He used a simple language without ornamentation,without iambic lines but phrases

d.He influenced Pound,Williams,the Beat group.

第五大题共20空

2.weak,dim,valley

3.cold,worthwhile

4.precious,stream(pure)

5.Hestier (beautiful) hastier

6.prurient,prune

7.goodness,beauty,human morality

第六大题共30个空白处,每1. freedom,equality,democracy,?rebellion ?against ?oppression and?exploitation, 2.?praise?of?ordinary?people,?greatness ?of ?labor,

?praise of?material?civilization?and?modern?scientific?technology,

American people's daring spirit and its west-ward expansion

3.imagism,women literature

4. the Civil War,America,the outbreak of the First World War,1914,Washingotn ?Irving,?O.?Henry, Jack London,Henry James,Allan Poe

5. detective story,French symbolism,Southern American Literature

6. Allan Poe,pleasure,truth

7. Arthur Dimmesdale

8. religion

9. perfect art form

Exercise Two

I. Write the names of the authors according to the given passages

(每小题2分，共14分)

( ) 1. The only reason for the existence of ?a ?novel ?is ?that ?it ?does ?attempt ? to represent life.

( ) 2. The sun shines today also ... There are new lands, new men, new thoughts.

( ) 3. I loafer and invite my soul,

I lean and loafer at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. ( ) 4. My Captain doesn't answer, his lips are pale and still.

My father ?doesn't ?feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will.

( ) 5. Helen thy beauty is to me

Like those Nice an barks of yore.

( ) 6.All American Literature begins with one book, ?The ?Adventures ?of ? Huckleberry Finn.

( ) 7. Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty.

II. Some of the following statements are true, some false, mark them.

（每小题1分，共22分）

( ) 1. Henry James wasn't only a traditional writer, but also a modern writer.

( )?2.?The ?Mythological ?and ?Archetypal ?Criticism ?studies ?the ?similarity and association between mythology and literature.

( ) 3. Walt Whitman was regarded as the Zenith in American poetry. ( ) 4. Walt Whitman used parallelism and refrain in his poems.

( ) 5. Allan Poe pursued perfect art.

( ) 6. O.Henry seldom write about poor people.

( ) 7. O.Henry paid little attention to plot in writing.

( ) 8. Black Humor was first proposed by French surrealist poet Breton. ( ) 9. Allan ?Poe ?exerted ?great ?influence ?upon ?many ?southern ?American writers, especially William Faulkner.

( )10. Henry James abandoned traditional way of telling a story in some ?of ?his short stories and novels.

( )11.Confessional poets?reflected?personal disease, misfortune?

in life, spiritual madness and suicide in their poems.

( )12. Bernard Maraud isn't a famous Jewish writer.

( )13. Mark Twain's influence upon modern American writers isn't so strong, he ?mainly influenced some local writers.

( )14. Allan Poe was regarded as the forerunner of modern American poetry.

( )15. Allan Poe was regarded as the forerunner of French symbolism. ( )16. Naturalism originated from France.

( )17. Mark Twain never touched upon the problem of slavery system in his novels.

( )18. Mark Twain was the father of American language.

( )19. Toni Morrison is one of the most famous contemporary women writers.

( )20. N.Hawthorne only touched upon the problem of love in The Scarlet Letter.

( )21. William K.Wimsatt and Fredric Jameson are the representatives of New ? Criticism since WWII.

( )22. O.Henry was the pen name of William Sidney Porter.

III. Point out the poetic artistry in the following.

（每小题2分，共14分）

IV. Write the names of the books in which the following characters appear (每小题1分，共8分)

1. Roger ( )

2. Uncle Tom ( )

3. Subi ( )

4. Buck ( )

5. Jim ( )

6. lsabel Archer ( )

7. Arthur Dimmesdale ( )

8. Martin ( )

评卷人V. Write the names of the authors.(每小题2分，共20分)

1. The Fall of the House of Usher ( )

2. The House of the Seven Gables ( )

3. Song of Myself ( )

4. I Died for Beauty-but was scarce ( )

5. Catch-22 ( )

6. Washington Square ( )

7. Go Tell It on the Mountain ( )

8. them ( )

9. The Assistant ( )

10. The Four Million ( )

I. Fill in the blanks. (每小题2分，共12分)

1. ________was a short story writer. The end of his stories is generally unexpected.

2. In his poetry, ________sings praise of material civilization and scientific technology.

3. The talent of ________was first recognized by the French poet Charles Baudelaire.

4. ________depicted the adventurous spirit of American people.

5. ________was greatly influenced by European culture.

6. ________used many symbols in his representative novel.

1. O.Henry

2. Walt Whitman

3. Allan Poe

4. Mark Twain

5. Henry James

6. N.Hawthorne

美国文学史参考答案

第一题共14分，每小题2分。

1. Henry James

2. Emerson

3. Walt Whitman

4. Walt Whitman

5. Allan Poe

6. Ernest Hemingway

7. Allan Poe

第二题共22分，每小题1分。

1-5 T T T T T 6-10 F F T T T 11-15 T F F T T 16-22 T F T T F F T.

第三题共14分,每空2分。

1. empathy

2. image

3. repetition, ambiguity

4. paradox

5. symbol(image)

6. symbol (image)

7.repetition

第四大题共8分，每小题1分。

1. The Scarlet Letter

2. Uncle Tom's Cabin

3. The ?Cop and?the?Anthem ?

4. The Call of the Wild ?

5. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ?

6. The Portrait of a Lady

7. The Scarlet letter

8. Martin Eden

第五大题共20分，每小题2分。

1. Allan Poe

2. N.Hawthorne.

3. Walt Whitman

4. Emily Dickinson

5. Joseph Heller ?

6. Henry James

7. James Baldwin

8. Joyce Carol Oates

9. Bernara Malamud 10. O.Henry

第七大题共12分

1. O.Henry

2. Walt Whitman

3. Allan Poe

4. Mark Twain

5. Henry James

6. N.Hawthorne

I. Explain the following literary terms.

Romanticism

The most profound and comprehensive idea of romanticism is the vision of a greater personal freedom for the individual. Appeals to imagination; Stress on emotion rather than reason; optimism, geniality. Subjectivity: in form and meaning.

American transcendentalism

American transcendentalism was an important movement in philosophy and literature that flourished during the early to middle years of the nineteenth century (about 1836-1860). For the transcendentalists, the soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains.

Realism: ―nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.‖ the Civil war

a. verisimilitude of details derived from observation

b. representative in plot, setting and character

c. an objective rather than an idealized view of human experience

4. Modernism like modernism in general is a trend of thought that affirms the power of human beings to create, improve, and reshape their environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation, and is thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic. The general term covers many political, cultural and artistic movements rooted in the changes in Western society at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. American modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the United States starting at the turn of the 20th century with its core period between World War I and World War II and continuing into the 21st century.

II. Questions and Answers. Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. What is local color？

an amalgam of romantic plots and realistic descriptions of things immediately observable: the dialects, customs, sights, and sounds of regional America‖

2. What is American Puritanism

1). Total Depravity - the concept of Original Si

2). Unconditional Election - the concept of predestination

3). Limited Atonement - Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone.

4). Irresistible Grace - God's grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied.

5). Perseverance of the "saints" - those elected by God have full power to interpret the will of God, and to live uprightly. If anyone rejects grace after feeling its power in his life, he will be going against the will of God.

3. Analyze Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography.

themes in autobiography: Self- Improvement Mind: Self-education Body: Physical Activity

Behavior: Moral Perfection Religion: The best service to God is to be good to man Benjamin Franklin and aspects of The American Dream

Rags to Riches: Impotence to Importance: A Philosophy of Individualism:

Freewill vs. Determinism: Hope and Optimism:

The Autobiography is a record of self-examination and self-improvement.

Benjamin Franklin was a spokesman for the new order of the 18th century enlightenment

The Autobiography is a how-to-do-it book, a book on the art of self-improvement. (for example, Franklin’s 13 virtues)

Through telling a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates, in fact, the fulfillment of the American dream.

The Autobiography is in the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision

4. What is Imagism?

It is a movement of English and American poets in revolt from Romanticism, which flourish 1910-1917. The characteristic products of the movement are more easily recognized than its theories defined: they tend to be short ,composed of short lines of musical cadence rather than metrical regularity, to avoid abstraction, and to treat the image with a hard, clear precision rather than with overt symbolic intent.

As part of the modernist movement, away from the sentimentality and moralizing tone of nineteenth-century Victorian poetry, imagist poets looked to many sources to help them create a new poetic expression, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images. III. Topic discussion.

1. Discuss Allen Poe’s literary achievements with his works.

famous American poet, short-story writer and critic father of detective story

master of gothic novel forerunner of symbolism

a father of detective story

Poe introduced of a new form of short fiction--- the detective story.

The word ―detective‖ did not exist in English at the time that Poe was writing, but the genre has become a fundamental mode of twentieth-century literature and film.

b) master of gothic novel

Gothic novel, a genre that rose with Romanticism in Britain in the late eighteenth century, explores the dark side of human experience—death, alienation, nightmares, ghosts, and haunted landscapes. Poe brought the Gothic to America.

Gothic novels originated from The Castle of Otranto, written by Horace Walpole in Britain at the end of the 18th century, which created the early classical Gothic novel mode.

It leads habitually with darkness and horror. Gothic elements include horror, mystery, supernatural phenomenon, misfortune, death, haunted houses, and family curses.

C Literary critic

Poe is one of the few American writers who not only wrote poetry, but also wrote about how to write poetry. His critical essays on poetry include The Poetic Principle, and The Philosophy of Composition.

Poe remained the most controversial and most misunderstood literary figure in the history of American literature.

2. Analyze Freneau’s The Wild Honeysuckle.野金银花

Philip Freneau as Father of American Poetry as Leader of 18th Century Naturalism

The following poem was published in his Poems (1786) and was virtually unread in the time when he was living.

In the poem the poet expresses his keen awareness of the liveliness and transience of nature celebrating the beauty of the frail forest flower, thus showing his deep love for nature.

The poem was written in six-line iambic tetrameter stanzas rhymed on ababcc pattern.

The poem is said to anticipate the nineteenth-century romantic use of simple nature imagery.

It is considered one of the author’s finest nature poems.

Comments on The Wild Honey Suckle

1. A flower may be the most beautiful and overlooked piece of nature. Cherish it while it lasts for by the change of each season it may dissipate only to become a desire. Perhaps Freneau knew of a beauty that only nature could describe, provoked by the insincerity of the British people.

2. Philip Freneau, in this poem, was expressing his dream of a paradise in nature, or rather, on the new continent of America. His dream was the originality of the paradise on the earth, i.e, USA. The wild honey suckle is something of freedom, tranquility, nature, and of no convention, no suppression, no traditional or anything beyond the pure nature.

This poem is not only a mere description of nature, but something ideal in the poet's construction of a real paradise of human beings. This paradise is of real freedom, pure nature, total independence, grand beauty. As we know, Freneau was against the British interference in the independence of the new land, and was hoping to establish a real free country of the people on the new Continent. So in my opinion, this poem was in fact the beautiful bode of a paradise in nature(on the earth), in very brief and true words. This paradise is independent without meeting any vicious interference, beautiful without catering to any viewer, tranquil but fearful of no hardships, wild in nature without any vulgar provocation.

in this poem the poet expressed a keen awareness of the loveliness and transience of nature.he not only meditated on mortality but also celebrated nature.it implies that life and death are inevitable l aw of nature,

"the wild honey suckle"is philipfreneau's most widely read natureal lyric with the theme of transie nce.the central image is a nativewild flower,which makes a drastic difference from elite flower im ages typical of tradition english poems.

the poem showed strong feelings for the natural beauty,which was the characteristic of romantic.

3. Analyze Poe’s To Helen and translate the third stanza in your own words.

TO HELEN

The theme of this short poem is the beauty of a woman with whom Poe became acquainted when he was 14. Apparently she treated him kindly and may have urged him–or perhaps inspired him–to write poetry. Beauty, as Poe uses the word in the poem, appears to refer to the woman's soul as well as her body. On the one hand, he represents her as Helen of Troy–the quintessence of physical beauty–at the beginning of the poem. On the other, he represents her as Psyche–the quintessence of soulful beauty–at the end of the poem. In Greek, psyche means soul.

It was first published in 1831 collection Poems of Poe then reprinted in 1836 in the Southern Literary Messenger. Poe revised the poem in 1845, making several improvements, most notably changing "the beauty of fair Greece, and the grandeur of old Rome" to "the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome." These improved lines are the most well-known lines of the poem.

Imagery and Summary of the Poem

Poe opens the poem with a simile–―Helen, thy beauty is to me / Like those Nicéan barks of yore‖–that compares the beauty of Helen (Mrs. Stanard) with small sailing boats (barks) that carried home travelers in ancient times. He extends this boat imagery into the second stanza, when he says Helen brought him home to the shores of the greatest civilizations of antiquity, classical Greece and Rome. It may well have been that Mrs. Stanard’s beauty and other admirable qualities, as well as her taking notice of Poe’s writing ability, helped inspire him to write poetry that

mimicked in some ways the classical tradition of Greece and Rome.

4. Discuss Mark Twain’s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Throughout the story, Huck is in moral conflict with the received values of the society in which he lives, and while he is unable to consciously refute those values even in his thoughts, he makes a moral choice based on his own valuation of Jim's friendship and human worth, a decision in direct opposition to the things he has been taught. Mark Twain in his lecture notes proposes that "a sound heart is a surer guide than an ill-trained conscience," and goes on to describe the novel as "...a book of mine where a sound heart and a deformed conscience come into collision and conscience suffers defeat."[13]

5. Discuss James Cooper’s literary contributions.

Contributions of Cooper

The creation of the famous Leather stocking saga has cemented his position as our first great national novelist and his influence pervades American literature. In his thirty-two years (1820-1851) of authorship, Cooper produced twenty-nine other long works of fiction and fifteen books - enough to fill forty-eight volumes in the new definitive edition of his Works. Among his achievements:

1. The first successful American historical romance in the vein of Sir Walter Scott (The Spy, 1821).

2. The first sea novel (The Pilot, 1824).

3. The first attempt at a fully researched historical novel (Lionel Lincoln, 1825).

4. The first full-scale History of the Navy of the United States of America (1839).

5. The first American international novel of manners (Homeward Bound and Home as Found, 1838).

6. The first trilogy in American fiction (Satanstoe, 1845; The Chainbearer, 1845; and The Redskins, 1846).

7. The first and only five-volume epic romance to carry its mythic hero - Natty Bumppo - from youth to old age.

James Fenimore Cooper was one of the first novelists to enjoy great fame as a result of his literary career and although some may argue that this is because the subject matter was entertaining (rather than instructive or socially conscious, for example) the fact remains that he was able to introduce Americans to their own frontier. A writer in the style of romanticism, James Fenimore Cooper was enamored with tales of the outdoors and encounters with strange and often hostile people or forces. This material was well-received and because of his literary success James Fenimore Cooper was able to produce his large body of works throughout his lifetime.

6. Analyze Whitman’s One’s Self I Sing.

One of the great innovators in American literature

He gave America its first genuine epic poem: Leaves of Grass

Analysis of One’s Self I Sing

In 1855 he published Leaves of Grass by himself at his own expense. His intention was to create a truly American poem, one "proportionate to our continent, with its powerful races of men, its tremendous historic events, its great oceans, its mountains, and its illimitable prairies." In fact, his poem goes beyond American subject to deal with the universal themes of nature, fertility, and mortality.

"One’s-Self I sing, a simple separate person," run the opening lines of Leaves of Grass from 1871 on, "Yet utter the word Democratic." A poetic universe of productive tension is hinted by that "Yet"; the tense equipoise between individualism and democracy, this poem suggests, is the foundational theme of Whitman’s book. The poem then goes on to introduce the site and symbol for this reconciliation of individual to mass: the body, "physiology from top to toe." We receive individual identity through our body, . . . yet at the same time, physicality, and especially physical affection, are universal, binding us together in common humanity. Much of the boldly progressive politics of Whitman’s poetry will follow from this emphasis on the body; thus his introduction of the theme of "physiology" is followed by his (then quite radical) insistence on the political equality of male and female.

In Whitman’s ―One’s Self I Sing‖, the theme of the poem, namely the celebration of both oneself and the whole human beings, is realized at various levels. In this renowned short poem, Whitman trumpets the individualism that underlies American democracy and society, interpreting the politics of democracy into terms of everyday life. The poem is also presented as a drama of democratic identity in which the poet seeks to balance and reconcile major conflicts in the body politic of America: the conflict between "separate person" and "en masse," individualism and equality, liberty and union, female and male, or even alluding to the conflict with the South and the North, the farm and the city, labor and capital, black and white, religion and science.

陶洁《美国文学选读》(第3版)章节题库-第十七章至第十八章【圣才出品】

第17单元20世纪美国诗人（1） I.Fill in the blanks. 1.Author_____Title_____（南京大学2007研） The apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet,black bough. 【答案】Author:Ezra Pound；Title:“In a Station of the Metro” 【解析】题目节选自庞德的《在一个地铁车站》，该诗是以一个意象作为叙述语言的典型范例。 2.Ezra Pound’s lifelong endeavor had been devoted to the writing of_____,which contains_____poems.（国际关系学院2007研）【答案】The Cantos;117 【解析】庞德把毕生精力都投入到写作《诗章》当中，《诗章》共包括117首诗。 3.Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the“_____”movement. 【答案】imagism 【解析】庞德是意象主义运动的领军人物。 4._____was successful in two fields of activity which did not seem compatible with

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弗瑞诺《野忍冬花》《印第安人墓地》《纪念英勇的美国人》查尔斯·布罗克丹·布朗《韦兰德》二、简答题+论述题 1.美国文学的诞生及一般特色 1)历史背景：1775-81年的北美独立战争；1783年美利坚合众国的成立；1861-65年的南北战争。独立战争以后，特别是进入19世纪之后，独立的美国文学开始诞生。 2)美国文学的一般特色： A.早期人少地多，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的空间和可能性，因此美国文学富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈； B.这是一个由各国移民组成的国家，所以文学的内容、思想倾向和艺术风格都呈现出多样性、庞杂性； C.许多作家直接来自社会下层，使得文学的生活气息浓郁，平民色彩鲜明，具有开朗、豪放的特点； D.由于美国作家的敏感、好奇，使得美国文学浪潮迭起，日新月异，瞬息万变。 3)它是一种个人主义和冒险精神的文学，一种扩张和探索的文学，一种种族冲突和帝国征服的文学，一种大规模移民和种族关系紧张的文学，一种资产阶级家庭生活和个人自由与社会限制不断斗争的文学······最后，这是一种始终由于有关身份的双重焦点而著称的文学：一方面它把这个国家奉为未来的土地，“明天之国”，试图制造一种关于“美国”的救世神话；另一方面它又进行自我折磨，对于身为“美国人”意味着什么怀着一种极其痛苦的焦虑。 ——《剑桥美国文学史》2.浪漫主义时期的美国文学 1)浪漫主义产生的背景： A.独立战争的胜利、美国的独立发展 B.欧洲浪漫主义运动的盛行 C.美国大陆新的自然和社会风貌 2)前后两代浪漫主义：前期：以纽约为根据地的作家，如欧文、库柏后期：以波士顿为中心的新英格兰文化圈 3.早期浪漫主义文学（30年代以前）