戴弘梧大学外语新四级写作常用词汇.txt性格本身没有好坏,乐观和悲观对这个世界都有贡献,前者发明了飞机,后者发明了降落伞。大学外语新四级写作基础词汇
常用的动词:
abide by/obey/observe 遵守
abolish 废除
abuse 虐待;滥用
accommodate 供给;调节
acquire 获取
adopt 采取
adore 崇拜;爱慕
affect 影响
allocate 分配
alter 改变
appeal to/attract 吸引
approach 对待;处理
approve of 赞成
arise 出现
arouse 激发
assume 承担(责仸)
attach 赋予;粘上
attain/obtain/acquire 获取;得到
attend 参加;就读
ban 禁止
blossom 兴旺发达
boom 繁荣
bound to 必定
breed 繁殖,抚养
bring sb./sth. into full play 充分调动……的积极性
bring a lot of benefits to 给。。。。。。带来很多好处
censor 审查
characterize 以……为特色
charge 收费
cherish 珍视
claim 宣称
coexist 共存
coincide with 与……相符collect 收集
commute 来回往返于condemn 谴责
consult 咨询contaminate 污染contribute to 贡献
crack down on 打击cultivate 培养
defy 不服从;藐视degenerate 退化
degrade 使降级depreciate 贬值
deprive (of) 剥夺
desert 抛弃
detect 侦查
deter 阻止
deteriorate 恶化determine 决定
disclose 揭露discourage 使气馁diversify 使多样化
divert 使分心
dominate 占优势
drop out 退学;放弃eliminate 消除
endanger 危害
enlighten 启发
enrich 丰富
entertain 招待;娱乐evaluate 评价
evolve 演变
exaggerate 夸张
exert 施加(压力)
expel 排除;开除
explore 探究
expose 揭露
find 发现
give full play to 充分发挥
guarantee 保证;担保
hamper 妨碍;牵制
hinder/impede/block/hamper 阻碍
idealize 理想化
identify 辨认
ignore 无视;不理睬
imitate 模仿
imply 暗示
impose/confine/place restrictions on/restrict/limit 限制incur 招致;引发
indicate 表明
inflict 使……承受
inherit 继承
innovate 改革创新
invent money in 投资
install/set up/erect/fix/mount 安装
lavish 浪费
maltreat 虐待
maximize 最大化
minimize 使最小化
mould/build 塑造
neglect 忽视
oblige 强迫
observe/follow 遵从
overcome 兊服(困难)
participate 参与
perform 履行;表演
please 取悦
preserve 保留;保护
produce 产生
prohibit 禁止
publicize 宣传
pursue 追求
quit 放弃
quote 引用
refine 精炼
reflect 反映
reform 改革
refresh 使恢复
regulate 管制;调控
rehabilitate 改造
reject 剔除
relax 修养
release 释放
render 给予
represent 代表
resort to 诉诸于;采取
restore 重建;恢复
restrain 约束
retain 保留
respond to 回应
reveal 显示,揭露
roam 闲逛
sacrifice 牺牲
shirk 回避
shun 回避
signify 表示;意味
spoil/indulge 宠坏;溺爱
spread 传播
steer 驶向;掌舵
stick to 坚持
stimulate 刺激
stipulate/set 觃定
substitute 代替
suffer 受苦,苦于
suggest 表明
supervise 监督
control 控制
surpass 超过
survive 生存
take a correct attitude towards sth. 用正确态度看待某事threaten 威胁
tolerate 忍受
treasure 珍视
trigger 引发
turn a blind eye to 对。。。。。。视而不见underestimate 低估
undermine 危害
unload 摆脱负担
vanish 消失
wither 退化;萎缩
witness 目击
wreck 摧毁
常用的形容词和副词:
acceptable 能接受的
absurd 荒唐的
addictive 上瘾的
affectionate 有感情的
aggressive 有上进心的
alert 敏锐的;警惕的
arduous 费劲的
artistic 艺术的
authoritative 权威性的
awkward 尴尬的
balanced 平衡的
cogent 使人信服的
cold-blooded 冷血的
cold-hearted 无情的
compassionate 富有同情心的
compatible 兼容的
complicated 复杂的
confident 自信的
considerable 大量的
contemptible 可鄙的
contributive 有贡献的
corrupt 腐败的
drastic 激烈的
delicious 美味可口的demanding 要求高的detrimental 有害的
devious 偏离正道的dishonorable 不光彩的disturbed 受到干扰的eccentric 古怪的
economical 经济的enlightened 开明的;文明的evil 邪恶的
exotic 异国的
fallacious 荒谬的fashionable 时髦的Favorable changes 可喜的变化feasible 可行的
fictitious 虚假的
flexile 灵活多样的
fruitful 有成效的
glamorous 富有魅力的gorgeous 辉煌的
humane 人道的
ignorant(of) 无视的;无知的impressive 令人印象深刻的inborn 天生的
incompatible 不调和的incompatible 不和适宜的inconceivable 不可思议的indecent 不妥的;不检点的indifferent 冷漠的indispensable 不可或缺的inexhaustible 取之不尽的infectious 传染性的
reasonable 合情合理的
常用的名词:
a wide spread neglect of abolishment 废除
absurdity 荒唐;谬论abuse 滥用
achievement 成绩acquaintance 熟人adaptation 改写;适应admiration 崇拜
adventurer/explorer 探险者adverse impact 负面影响adversity 逆境
affection 友情/感情alienation 疏远
ambition 志向
amusement 娱乐
analysis 分析
anecdote 轶事
apathy 冷漠无情
approach 鼓掌
architecture 建筑
arrival 到达,出现
art 艺术
assault 攻击
assessment 评估association 联想;联系athlete 运动员
availability 可得到的东西barrier 妨碍
behavior 行为
beneficiary 受益人
birth 出生,出现
budget 预算
burden 负担
campaign 运动
candidate 候选人
capacity 能力
celebrity 名人
character 性格characteristic 特征
charm 魅力
clerk 职员
cohesion 凝聚力
colleague 同事
collectivism 集体主义
comfort 舒适
commercial 商业广告commercialization 商业化commodity 商品
companion/partner 同伴conformity 一致
consensus 同意
consultation 咨询
consumption 消费
content 内容
contentment 满意;满足contribution 贡献
correlation 相关性
costume 服装
creativity 创造性
criteria 条件
cruelty 残忍
customer 顾客
cybercrime 网络犯罪
decline 下降
depression 沮丧;低沉deprivation 剥夺
descendant 后代
deterioration 恶化
detour 绕道
developed countries 发达国家developing countries 发展中国家digestion 消化吸收
dignity 尊严
discipline 纪律
discomfort 不舒服
discontent 不满足
discrimination 歧视;区别disgust 反感
disorder 无序状态
disorientation 迷失方向感disposition 性格
distraction 干扰
diversity 多样化;多样性domain 领域
duplication 重复(建设)duration耐用
economy 经济
employee 雇员
employer 雇主
endeavor 努力做enjoyment 享受enthusiasm 热情;狂热equality 平等
evaluation 评价
exception 例外
exhibition 展览exploration 探险
export 出口
favor 喜好
feature 特点
fidelity 忠实
flexibility 灵活性forefather/ancestors 祖先freedom 自由
frustration 挫折
gallery 美术馆
garment 服装
goodwill 善意
grace 雅致
graduate 毕业生
guardian 监护人
halt 停止;终止
hardship 艰难险阻heritage 遗产
horizon 地平线
hostility 敌对
humanity 人性
idol 偶像
immunity 免疫力
import 进口
indication 迹象indictment 控告indifference 不关心individuality 个性化industry 工业;行业inequality 不平等infrastructure 基础设施ingenuity 独创性
initiative 主动性
insight 见解
instruction 教导
instructor 教师
integrity 诚实
intellectual 知识分子
intelligence 智能
interaction 交际
interference 干涉
interpretation 解释
intolerance 不宽容
intrusiveness 干涉
involvement 参与
jealousy 妒忌
jogging 慢跑
joint effort 共同努力
journalist/correspondent 记者
joy/delight 欢乐
lack 缺乏
landmark 标志性建筑;里程碑
license 执照
life expectancy/life span 寿命
literacy 读写能力
manufacturer 制造商
match 匹配
measure 测量;评估
millennium 千年
minority 少数人
misconduct 行为不端
morality 道德
observation 观察
popularity 受欢迎程度
significance 意义
sharp growth
用的连词:
1)表层次
firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second, secondly, to start with, still, furthermore third, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least also, and then, next, besides
and equally important too
besides
in addition
finally
2)表转折;
by contrast
although
though
at the same time
but despite the fact that
even so
in contrast
nevertheless
even though
for all that
notwithstanding on the contrary however in spite of on the other hand otherwise instead still regardless
3)表因果;
therefore
consequently
because of
for the reason
thus
hence
due to
owing to
so
accordingly
thanks to
on this account
as a consequence
4)表让步:
still nevertheless concession granted naturally
in spite of all the same of course despite
even so after all
5)表递近:
Furthermore
Moreover
Likewise
What is more
besides
not only...but also...
6)表举例:
for example
for instance
for one thing that is
to illustrate
as an illustration
a case in point
7)表解释:
as a matter of fact frankly
speaking in this case namely
in other words
8)表总结:
in summary
in a word
thus
as has been said
in brief
in conclusion
altogether in other words to conclude
in fact
finally in simpler terms in other words
on the whole
to put it differently Therefore, to summarize
2012大学英语四级考试写作辅导 记叙文的思路与练习 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历和事物的发展变化过程为主要表现形式的一种文体。记叙文既可以以写人为主,又可以以写事为主。写记叙文要注意记叙文的“六大要素”即: 时间(When)——何时发生,有没有具体时间? 地点(Where)——何地发生,有没有地点变化? 人物(Who)——何人参与,谁是主角? 事件(What)——发生了什么,有何特点? 原因(Why)——事件的起因? 结果(How)——事件的经过及结局? 一般说来,在一篇记叙文中这六大要素是缺一不可的。 记叙文的思路就围绕这六大要素充分展开。 【例】四级考试中,只出现过一次专门的记叙文体裁的写作,即“An Early Morning Walk”(1988.6.),2003年6月出现过包含记叙文的作文,即“An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident”。 对于“An Early Morning Walk”,知道命题要求后,我们就要开始构思了。 When:题目已规定了是“清晨”,在这个时候,“我”去散步。 Where:到哪儿散步?去公园?在校园里?在街上(街上空气不好,还是不去!)。 Who:在公园里看到晨练的人:中老年人、年轻人、小孩子;在校园里看到读书背单词的学生。 What:人们热火朝天地做操,随音乐跳舞,打球,等等。 Why:清晨空气清新,适合锻炼;一日之际在于晨,背背书,读读单词。 当然,由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西,因篇幅所限,我们做了删减。
An Early Morning Walk One morning I got up very early,and everything around was very quiet. The sun had just risen,shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk. There were only some birds singing occasionally in the tall trees. I strolled along the street toward the park,breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy. When I arrived at the park,I found,to my surprise,that there were so many people there. Men and women,boys and girls,all were enjoying themselves in their various activities. Some were doing morning exercises,some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully. I wandered around the park. To my delight,I found a few middle-school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park. I went up and spoke to them in English. We soon became friends. I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English. On the way home,I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful. Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 【点评】文章按照时间顺序(in chronological order),第一句话点明时间(One morning)、人物(第一人称“I”),并简要描述了早晨的特点(What was the setting),接着第二段第一句话交代地点(in the park),然后介绍公园里人们及作者的活动(What was happening),最后在文章结尾点题,即,归纳中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise. 仅仅189个单词既满足了记叙文的“六大要素”,又有明确的中心思想和生动的细节,行文方式符合要求。 1. 以“A Most Unlucky Day”为题,想想该怎么写。注意:题目的中心词是“unlucky”。 When: Where: Who: What: Why: How: 参考思路
1. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Tutoring Private tutoring is “in”. A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. While private tutoring has both advantages and disadvantages, I feel that we should give more thoughts to its negative effects. Such a popular practice clearly indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education. Many parents either missed the chance of obtaining a good education themselves or have been too busy with their own business. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. Private tutoring seems to be the only solution. As private tutoring is usually given on the one-to-one basis, the teacher knows the strong points as well as the weak points of the pupil; and teaching is, in most cases, directly to the point. Private tutoring benefits a lot of pupils, indeed. While on the other hand, private tutoring has its own disadvantages. For one thing, it takes up so much of the pupil’s time that they can hardly find enough time for rest or entertainment, which is essential for kids’ physical and mental health. Besides, some teachers, busy “shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What is more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well on the test, offering the so-called tips for test-taking instead of helping them acquire
作文范文之大学英语四级作文多少字
大学英语四级作文多少字 【篇一:四级考试作文要求及评分标准】 大学英语四级考试作文要求及评分 标准 《大学英语四、六级考试大纲》明确规定:大学英语四级考试写作部分考试时间为30分钟。要求应试者写出一篇不少于120个词的短文;写作命题源于日常生活和有关科技、社会文化等方面的一般常识,不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。其命题方式有:给出题目、或规定情景、或给出段首句续写、或给出关键词写短文、或看图作文。要求内容切题,文理通顺,表示正确,语篇连贯,无重大语言错误。 大学英语四级作文采用总体评 分(global scoring)方法,阅卷人员从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表示思想,也要考虑所用语言(英语)是否能清楚而明确地表示思想。阅卷人员根据思想内容和语言表示的总体印象给出奖励分(reward scores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 现在的大学英语四级考试是710分制,作文部分占15%,满分标准分为106分。阅卷时,作文部分满分为15分,阅卷标准分为5等:2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。 具体评分标准如下: 2分――条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。
5分――基本切题,表示思想不够清楚,连贯性差,有较多的严重错误。8分――基本切题,有些地方表示思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯,语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误。11分――切题,表示思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。 14分――切题,表示思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯较好,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。 另有各档次标准样卷,阅卷人员参照样卷对考生的作文进行评分,首 先看考生的作文和哪个档次的样卷接近,然后上下浮动1分。字数不足应酌情扣分:110――119词:扣1分;100――109词:扣2分;90――99词:扣3分;80――89词:扣4分;70――79词:扣5分;60――69词:扣6分;50――59词:扣7分;50字以下,扣9分。 只写一段者:0-4分,只写两段者:0-9分(指规定三段的作文)。 白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表示思想的,判为0分。 孙子云:“知己知彼,百战不殆”。想在写作考试中获得成功,就必须首 先了解四级考试的要求和评分规则。下面以一篇题目为“do lucky numbers really bring good luck?”的作文为例来讲述几个最基本的道理。 【篇二:大学英语四级作文】 大学英语四级作文 1.why it is difficult ron college students to find jobs?(大学生求职为何难?)
大学英语四级写作技巧简介 大学英语四级写作技巧简介 之一——文章结构 英文写作一直是学生们的弱项,四级考试将近,大家都很担心写作问题,在此我先简单介绍一下文章的结构问题,以后再谈其他方面。 四级写作一般以三段式展开,题目要求中通常包含三个要点,每个要点为一段(记住,一定要分段),第一段提出问题,第二段分析问题,第三段解决问题。以历年的真题为例,2006年12月的题目为spring festival gala on cctv,要求:1。许多人喜欢看春节晚会;2。但有些人提出取消春节晚会;3。我的看法。“喜欢看春节晚会”是正常现象,应该作为问题的开端进行简短介绍,“有些人提出取消春节晚会”才是重点,必须给出相应的篇幅做详细阐述。最后表明我的观点,其实就是问作者的态度及解决这个矛盾的方法。又如2006年6月的题目:an announcement for a voluntary program, 要求:1。校学生会组织一次暑假志愿活动现招募志愿者;2。本次志愿活动的目的、内容及安排;3。报名条件和联系方式。这仍是三段式的结构,第一段提出问题——告之大家会举办一次暑假志愿活动,第二段描述问题——介绍志愿活动的相关信息,第三段解决问题
——怎样加入志愿活动(报名信息)。往年还考过写简历,写演讲稿,论述社会现象等题目,总是跳不出三段式,因此学生们必须掌握如何写三段式作文。 总的来说有三点要注意:1。开篇就得点题。文章字数有限,必须采取开门见山的方法,但开篇点题并不是说第一段第一句话就得提出问题,在这之前可以有所修饰,有导入的成分,但不要太长,一般第三句就得清楚、突出地把问题点出来。2。中间段阐述必须清楚。中间段是全文的核心部分,要做到阐述清楚,论证充分,要有一致性、连贯性和条理性。一般由主题句和扩展句组成,主题句是观点的高度浓缩,应该言简意赅;扩展句是对主题句的详细阐述,应该做到理由充分,内容一致。3。结尾段进行总结,并提出解决问题的方法。最后的总结在观点上可以重申但不可以重复,另外结尾一定要有所升华,不能仍停留在对问题的描述上,既然存在问题,就必须想办法解决。 至于如何开端、如何论述、如何结尾的问题,大家敬请期待下一回吧!当然我不会让大家久等的:) 写作能力无法一口气提高,大家必须在平时勤修苦练。 之二——突出主题 well begun is a half done,如何开头是值得注意的问题,它能确定
腿英语四级作文万能句子精选 薈(一)段首句 蒅1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为…… 芀There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 袈2. 俗话说(常言道)……,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。 蚈There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 蚂3. 现在,……,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更为糟糕的是……。肂Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 蚇4. 现在,……很普遍,许多人喜欢……,因为……,另外(而且)……。 螇Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______. 肃5. 任何事物都是有两面性,……也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。 蒀Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 蚀6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)……,在他们看来,…… 螇People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 蒄7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……,这个问题变得越来越严重。 膂Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 葿8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。 袇______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 袅9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 蚀______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits
大学英语四级写作资料 一、大学英语四级考试大纲(2006 修订版)对写作的要求 写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。考生根据规定的题目和所提供的提纲、情景、图片或图表等,写出一篇不少于120词的短文。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。考试时间30分钟。 写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作,思想表达准确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。写作部分考核的技能是: A.思想表达 1.表达中心思想 2.表达重要或特定信息 3.表达观点、态度等 B.篇章组织 4.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述,突出重点 5.连贯地组句成段,组段成篇 C.语言运用 6.运用恰当的词汇 7.运用正确的语法 8.运用合适的句子结构 9.使用正确的标点符号 10.运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等) D.写作格式 11.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式 大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到《教学要求》中的一般要求,即“能完成一般性写作任务,能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等,能写常见的应用文,能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文,内容基本完整,用词恰当,语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。” 二、四级考试写作评分标准 (1)本题满分为15分。 (2)阅卷标准共分四等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷1-2份。 (3)阅卷人根据阅卷标准,对照样卷评分,若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似,即定为该分数(即8分); 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数,则可以加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。(4)评分标准 ?2分:条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。 ?5分:基本切题。思想表达不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。 ?8分:基本切题。思想表达清楚,文章尚连贯,但语法错误较多,其中有一些是严重错误。 ?11分:切题。思想表达清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语法错误。 ?14分:切题。思想表达清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好,基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。 ?注:白卷、所写内容与题目毫不相关或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。 (5)字数不足应酌情扣分。 题目中给出主题句、起始句和结束句,均不得记入所写字数。 只写一段者:0-4分;只写两段者,0-9分(指规定三段的作文) (6)各档作文相当于百分制的得分,列表如下,称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60分(相当于百分制的60分)。
目录 1.Should We Help Strangers? 2.Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ca5156551.html, Talent Show 4.Killing Time Indoors 5.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library 6.My Opinion on Micro-blog 7.Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons 8.Spam Message 9.Internet Slang 10.How to Relieve Stress 11.Is Military Training Necessary Now 12.Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble? 13.On Self-employment of College Graduates 14.Text Messages on TV Shows 15.Attending Your Classes Regularly 16. A Brief Introduction to the University 17. A Letter to a Friend 18.Student Consultant to the Dean Wanted 19. A Letter of Thanks 20.ALetter of Job Application 21.How to Succeed in Passing CET-4?
22.Protect Non-Material Cultural Heritage 23.Suspend Schooling to Work 24.Registering Online with Real Names 25.Create a Conservation-Oriented Campus 26.Should Chinese Athletes Serve Overseas? 27.Low-carbon Lifestyle 28.The Real-name Train Ticket System Launched 29.On Vegetarian 30.Should We Resume The Traditional Chinese Characters? 31.Principals Recommending Students to PKU 32.On Professional Ethics of Doctors 33.Should We Trace and Reclaim Cultural Relics Lost Overseas? 34.Should Enterprises Hold an Annual Meeting? 35.Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities 36.Does Technology Widen the Gap between the Poor and Rich? 37.On Lottery 38.Dialects in Movies and TV Series 39.Should Parents Read Their Children’s Diaries?
大学英语四级要求写作技巧 一、审题 1.审体裁(议论文,说明文,描述文) 审题就是要审作文的题材和体裁。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么 样的题材去写。那么体裁包括那些呢?它包括议论文,说明文和描述文。从近些年看,四级作文不是单一的体裁,而是几种体裁的糅合体。例如: Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student。 You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below: 做合格大学生的必要性 做合格大学生的必备条件(能够从德智体方面谈) 很多人说这种类型的作文是议论文。这是片面的,因为, 第一段要求写“必要性”,则是议论文; 第二段要求写“必备条件”,则要求写说明文; 第三段要求写“这样做”,则要求写描述文。所以在绝大部分情 形下,四级作文是三种体裁的糅合体。 2.确定相对应的写作方法 我们审题的目的就是根据不同体裁确定不同的写作方法。通过审题,我们能够看出四级作文大都是三段式。如上例第一段为议论体, 第二段为说明体,第三段为描述体。而各种文体又有不同的写作方式:
议论文:要有论点和论据,而且往往从正反两方面来论述。例如上面 第一段的思路是:做合格大学生,会怎么样(这是从正面论述);不能做 合格的大学生,又会怎么样(从反面论述);所以我们要做合格的大学生(结论)。说明文:能够从几方面来说明一个问题,能够从德智体三方 面来说明合格大学生的必要性。描述文:以“人”为中心描述一个“做”的过程。与上两段相比,本段的主语多为人称代词,他要与第 二段相呼应实行描述。 二、确定主题句 审完题后,接下来就是如何写的问题。第一步就是确定主题句, 主题句既能保证你不跑题,又能协助你制定写作思路。而写主题句最 保险的方法就是直接翻译中文提纲,如上述之段主题句为: It is very necessary to be a good university student。(议 论体的主题句) There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student。(说明体的主题句) What I will do in the future is the following。(描述体的 主题句) 三、组织段落 确定主题句后,接下来的工作就是展开论述。很多考生真正犯难 的也是这个步。最基本的解决办法是扩大词汇量,丰富自己的语法存储。在写作时,语法和词汇都是最基本的。不过,组织段落的水平也 是尤为重要的(接下来的连贯与衔接部分,我们更为详细的为大家讲解)。行文时,不但仅提供一些information,还要学会使用一些examples, personal experiences, comparisons, descriptions等等,只有这样,才不会觉得无话可“写”。 四、连贯与衔接 1.列举法
大学英语四级考试作文模板 考生要想发挥出自己的最高水平,就有必要弄清楚大学英语四级考试作文的结构要求、出题思路。历年大学英语四级考试作文都有较为固定的模式和结构,考生可以整理出一篇“句式文章”。想好文章的开头采用什么样的句式,中间每段的主题句应该放在什么位置,如何去写,最后怎么结束,把这些都弄清楚,整理好了,大学英语四级考试作文差不多就变成了一篇“完形填空”,考生只需针对不同的题目填充不同的内容即可。下面是一些大学英语四级考试各种类型作文的模板(其中一些模板有详细的说明和范文,以备考生联系和模仿),希望这些作文模板能对考生在大学英语四级考试作文上取得高分助一臂之力。 一、提纲式作文模板 1.说明原因型 模板(1)
Nowadays,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that (1). Why have there been so many XX? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that (2).Besides,(3).The third reason is (4).To sum up,the main cause of XX is due to (5). It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, (6).On the other hand, (7).All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX. 注释:l (1) 用具体数据说明XX现象I (2) 原因一 (3) 原因二 (4) 原因三 (5) 指出主要原因 (6) 解决建议一 (7) 解决建议二
范例一 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 现在大学校园里,迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做 Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers. In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future. Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we’ll benefit from it. 点评:2008年元月三日,中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待;2008年元月四日,中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件;近几年,中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新闻不断曝光,进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。本范例题为四级考试传统的问题解决型的写作,与校园生活密切相关。 范例二 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Students’ Rating of Their Teachers。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 学生给老师打分已经普遍 2. 人们对其持不同态度 3. 我的看法 Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students. In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness.. This, however, has caused great controversy. Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion
四六考试中,让考生十分苦恼的问题之一就是英语写作,想要自己的作文拿到高分不是投机取巧就能做到的,最主要还是与考生平时的练习息息相关,下面为大家总结的英语四级写作要求,希望对大家的复习有所帮助。 一.写作的目的及要求 目的:测试学生用英语书面表达思想的能力,能够直接有效地测出考生综合使用语言的能力,较准确地反映考生的英语水平。 要求:大学英语作文测试要求考生能够运用学到的语言知识,按规定的题目要求,在30分钟内写出一篇120个词左右的短文,语义连贯,表达正确,无重大语法错误。题目的内容包括科技,社会,文化,或日常生活等方面的一般常识。题目形式多种多样,有提纲作文,段首句作文,关键词作文,图表作文,书信作文,和规定情景作文等。 二.评分原则 1.四级作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 2.从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切的表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍 三.写作的标准 14(99)分文章切题。文字通顺,条理清楚,无重大语言错误,仅有个别小错。 11(78)分文章切题。文字通顺,条理清楚,但有少量语言错误。 8(56)分基本切题。有些地方表达不清,文字勉强连贯,语言错误相当多,有些是严重错误 5(35)分基本切题。思想表达不清,连贯性差,有较多的语言严重错误。 2(14)分条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎,大部分有错误,且多数为严重错误 英语四级写作需要注意的问题 一、基本语法问题 通过对很多考生的试卷分析,发现在写作方面,基本语法层面的问题依然层出不穷,所以语法是四级作文写作的常见扣分点之一。例如:无法保持时态在全文的一致,这一现象很普遍,往往是紧接的两句,在没有任何时间状语的情况之下,就出现了时态的不一致;
大学英语四级写作专题(内部资料) 模板1:对比观点型 (1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1. 有一些人认为。。。 2. 另一些人认为。。。 3. 我的看法。。。 The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . (2) 给出一个观点,要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二). Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法). 模板2:彻底批判型 With the prosperity of economy in modern society, _______主题has become a problem we have to face.The problem reflected is not rare nowadays,as we always read news that _______新闻出处.Reasons why this kind of _______现象occurs from time to time are various.One of possible causes is _______原因.It is also owing to the fact that . In any causes,however, _______这种事情可能会出现的原因could never be excuse for _______这种事情.Hence citizens/the public should _______采取什么样的措施to prevent _______这种事情的发生from occurring.Additionally,efforts of individuals/one/the public should be supplemented by _______方法,for example, _______举例说明(可有可无) ,which would be of great significance to . 模板3:说明利弊题型 说明利弊这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状,再对比事物本身的利弊,有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发,最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)
怎样写好大学英语四级作文-六-写好段落 首先,一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想,该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic),这就是段落的统一性(unity)。 其次,一个段落必须有若干推展句,使主题思想得到充分展开,从而给读者一个完整的感觉,这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)。 再者,一个段落不是杂乱无章的,而是有机的组合,句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑,从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth),这就是连贯性(coherence)。 下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。 1. 统一性 一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心,任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例: Joe and I decided to take the long trip we'd always wanted across the country. We were like young kids buying our camper and stocking it with all the necessities of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spring from Minneapolis and headed west across the northern part of the country. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the warm southern regions very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico. 本段的主题句是段首句,controlling idea(中心思想)是take the long trip across the country。文中出现两个irrelevant sentences,一个是Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie,这一段是讲的是Joe and I ,中间出现一个Bella是不合适的。还有,Joe received a watch at his retirement dinner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出irrelevant sentences(不相关语句)而丢分,值得引起注意。 再看一个例子: My name is Roseanna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hundred pounds, but I joined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty pounds. I feel much better and never want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame again. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lifting twenty-pound weights and playing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby. 本段的controlling idea 是like to deep physically fit,但段中有两个irrelevant sentences,一个是I bought two new suitcases last week,另一个是My mother was a premature baby。 从上面两个例子可以看出,native speakers同样会造出来irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了,造成偏题或离题,那问题就更严重了。 2.完整性 正象我们前面说得那样,一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现,如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实,就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样,虽然有推展句,但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的交待,给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如: Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concentrates your thoughts on a concrete task. Besides, it is more useful to work ---- you produce