翻译
翻译
Unit 7
1．教授们时时都在面对识别原文和抄袭作品的挑战，但是今天他们面对一个新的障碍物——网络剽窃。现在的学生可以方便地使用网络，只要简单地点击一下鼠标，这些学生就有近百万的学期论文可供使用。
Professors have always faced the chanllenge of discriminating between original compositions and plagiarized work, but today they are confronted with an additional obstacle—digital plagiarism or web-based plagiarism. Students today have easy access to the Internet and they have millions upon millions of term paper available for their use with a simple click of a mouse.
2．心性无法在舒服安逸的环境中发展。唯有经过艰难困苦的体验，心灵才能得到强化，雄心才能得以激发，从而最终获得成功。
Character cannot be developed in ease and comfort. Only through experience of trial and sufferance can the soul be strengthened ambition inspired, and success achieved
3．往往有许多诸如戏剧的、法庭辩论的或说教（例如来自演讲者或大学演说官员）的文学是永远无法被写入书中的；与此同时，许多书本上的内容倒总是专注于一些非文学的关注上。Much literature, scenic, forensic or didactic (as from lecturers and public orators) may never take a station in books, and much that does come into books may connect itself with no literary interest.
4．当莎士比亚结束剧本的时候，他似乎有意剔除了任何诗性正义和明显的道德意义。
As Shakespeare concludes his play, he seems to be deliberated depriving it of all poetic justice and of all apparent moral significance.
5．这种疾病的潜伏期通常是三到五年。
The latent period of this disease is usually 3 to 5 years.
Language-focus:
insulation 绝缘，孤立bawl out痛骂，训斥oblivion 遗忘，赦免
germinate 使生长，发芽pad out拉长vocation 职业，天职
supercede 取代，延期relish喜爱，滋味recall回忆
condescend屈尊，谦逊sanctify把……神圣化commensurate相称，因量的transmigrate移屈，轮回get credit for因……而受好评cram 填满，塞满
plagiarize 剽窃，抄袭inviolate无污点bewitch 蛊惑
mimicry 模仿，模拟jew down杀价acquisition获得
1.With silky white beard and large lustrous eyes, he seemed an incarnation of purity.
2.Better insulation of your home will help to reduce heating bills.
3.These conclusions have a different sort of validity from the measurable and
ponderable facts of preceding sections, and therefore they are presented separately.
4.An idea began to germinate in his mind.
5.Some people hold the belief that all souls transmigrate on the death of their
possessors on to the bodies of other human beings.
6.Teachers have been catching on and have been devising ways to make it more
difficult to plagiarize complete papers.
7.The theory has been superceded by more recent research.
8.When giving a lecture, be careful not to condescend to your audience.
9.The budgie is the most popular caged bird in the world, and it isn’t hard to see why,
with their amusing antics and their talent for mimicry.
10.The report was padded out with extracts from previous documents.
11.She savored the moment with obvious relish.
12.The teacher bawled him out for being late.
13.Brazilian bombshell Gisele Bundchen just slashed a whopping $5 million off the
original asking-price on her Manhattan penthouse.
14.The car dealer wanted me to pay sticker price for my new car, but I successfully
jewed him down to a lower price.
15.Their privacy remained inviolate.
16.This was a practice sanctified by tradition.
17.Although the recession isn’t officially over yet, there is a growing sense that the
economy is now in a recovery. But there is also a growing debate about who should get credit for a recovery?
18.An unexpected victory saved him from political oblivion.
19.Your paycheck should be commensurate with the amount of time worked.
20.The encyclopedia is crammed with information about everything under the sun.
21.Teaching is my vocation and writing is my avocation.
22.The West End’s summer season has the best summer theatre shows to bewitch the
kids.
23.This poem recalls Eliot’s “The Waste Land”.
24.He is a valuable acquisition to the team.
25.Pressed beyond the limits forbearance our army fought back resolutely and dealt
telling blows to the enemy.
Unit 8
1.戴维和比尔有很大的共性，特别是他们的倔强劲儿。
There are a lot of similarities between David and Bill, not least their stubbornness.
2.这些早期遗物被认为具有神奇的力量。
The relics are credited with miraculous power.
3.公共关系的原生态因为媒体的多样性而复杂化。
This rudimentary aspect of public relations is complicated by the variety of media. 4.董事们决定市场推广应从公关开始；只有达到公关目标后，才能转向广告。
The board directors decide that a marketing campaign should start with publicity and shift to advertising only after the PR objectives have been achieved.
5.现在人质们获释的主要希望在于格兰特，一位国会议员和前安全部长的居间调停。
The main hope for the hostages’ release now lies with Grant, a congressman and former security minister, who has been invited to mediate.
Language-focus:
accentuate 强调，重读credential 凭据，证书appraise评价，鉴定consolidate 巩固，联合endeavor 尽力，努力fend off 避开，挡开corporate 法人的，共同的paradox 悖论，反论fevered激昂的，发热
credit学分，信任virtually事实上，几乎keep track of 记录，保持联系cutting-edge 尖端，前沿tenure任期，占有make one’s case 证明自己有理drum up招徕，纠集prototype原型，标准monitor监视器
huff and puff 犹豫，恼怒hybrid混血儿，杂种non-partisan无党派的nuisance麻烦事，损害lip service 口惠而实不至pay off 报复，付清proliferate激增，扩散mercenary雇佣的，金钱至上secure 稳当的
purvey供应，供给well-placed 置于适当位置的sceptic怀疑论的
1.California is on the cutting-edge of trends that spread nationwide.
2.HP today announced plans to consolidate its 85 data centers worldwide into six
larger centers located in three US cities.
3.They huffed and puffed about the price, but eventually they paid up.
4.Corporate profits have risen sharply since the 1982 recession which marked the
climax of the worldwide economic crises of the 1970s, but profits are still quiet moderate by the standards of the pre-1970 “golden age”.
5.We wanted to focus in particular here on non-traditional and small-group teaching,
which is proliferating and tends not to be recognized because there aren’t large numbers of students who can vote.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc5522046.html,anizations close to the grass roots are well-placed to provide certain kinds of
information for early warning systems to complement the coarse data provided by satellite.
7.In the growing season, weeds were a terrible nuisance.
8.In the late 1970s, Stuart produced over forty musical, video and theatre
performances, which established his credential as an artist of world-wide renown.
9.The government must still convince the sceptics that its policy will work.
10.Wear becoming clothes that do something for you and that accentuate your best
features.
11.The president’s speech was intended to purvey a message of optimism.
12.Dr. Jonas Salk is credited with the discovery of the polio vaccine.
13.The truth was that there were very few mercenary he respected, and even fewer the
actually liked.
14.The house dealer tried to drum up business by advertising low prices.
15.They said lack of funds and proper systems made it almost possible to keep track of
decisions by fellow judges—even if they were in the room next door.
16.If they are to pay anything more than lip service to this campaign, they should use
that power.
17.His persistence paid off.
18.He was disappointed by his failure to secure the job with the bank.
19.The CIA was monitoring his phone calls.
20.English teacher Anne Smith asked ninth grader to make their case for why the
school board should approve or ban certain controversial titles such as I, Robot, Anthem, and 1984.
21.Of course, we accept the paradox that in some odd way world peace appears to
depend on our spending millions of pounds on weapons that would kill us all.
22.But he still looked damn good, she thought to herself, as she unashamedly
appraised his muscular physique.
23.He looked relaxed and determined as he fended off questions from the world’s
press.
24.That book is clearly the product of a fevered imagination.
25.Throughout his long tenure, Harry concentrated on administrative matters and
avoided publicity for himself and his office.
26.Childreach is the U.S member of PLAN International, the non-profit, non-partisan,
non-sectarian organization you may know as Foster Parents Plan.
27.Microsoft recently debuted a prototype tablet powered by Windows 7 and
manufactured by HP.
28.I used to look forward to the opportunity chat with them during their once-weekly
shifts, and to share thoughts about the endeavor that had brought us all together. 29.The legendary library of Alexandria boasted that it had a copy of virtually every
known manuscript in the ancient world.
30.With gas prices rising precariously, hybrid cars may be the ware of the future.
Unit 1
1.随着中国市场经济的不断发展，中国广电传媒市场也日趋成熟，呈现出了一幅百花齐放、
百家争鸣的景象。
With the ongoing development of China’s market economy, Chinese broadcasting media is becoming more sophisticated day by day, which fits perfectly the Chinese saying “All styles of art and all schools of thought are given the freedom to contend with each other.”
2.传统的电视传播观念已不能适应当今多样化的媒体传播格局和竞争需要。
The traditional TV broadcasting concept can hardly adapt to today’s diversified mass media or meet the requirements for competition.
3.新媒体设计是相对于传统媒体设计而言的，它具有综合性、实时性、交互性等多种特点。New media design is contrasted with traditional design, and is comprehensive, real-time, and interactive.
4.和法语一样，汉语也朝着净化的道路坚定地迈出了一步。为了净化语言，中国有关部门要
求广播电视节目中不再使用NBA、WTO和GDP等常用英语缩略词。
Chinese language just took a step in a decidedly French direction. In the interests of linguistic purity, the country’s broadcasters have been asked to stop using popular English-based acronyms such as NBA, WTO and GDP.
5.虽然全球化使得好莱坞电影在世界范围畅行无阻，但它并不能替代我们对本土文化、本土
生活、本土经验的关注与书写。
Although, with globalization, Hollywood films have become great hits all over the world, they can’t replace the focus and writing on our domestic culture, life and experiences.
Language-focus:
outright 立刻地，直率的phalanx 指骨，趾骨，方队counsel忠告，讨论conjecture推测estate 房地产archetypal原型
play up鼓吹，宣传add to that增加，补充说明continuum连续
grind out 用功做出high-stakes 高风险baffling令人困惑的be crazed about 对……疯狂的adversarial对抗的，对手的prevail 盛行
weed out 剔除speculative 投机的unobtrusive谦虚的
conventional wisdom 传统智慧观点gravitate towards 受吸引
1.You are almost better off if you could listen to the counsels of your elders.
2.Her estate was left to her brother as her husband had died and she didn’t have any
children.
3.We can only conjecture about what was in the killer’s mind.
4.Jean was crazed about losing a few more pounds.
5.The group rejects outright any negotiations with the government.
6.Justice always prevails.
7.The Beatles were the archetypal pop group.
8.The protesters ran into a solid phalanx of riot police.
9.The reading wasn’t bad; she just needs to tweak it a bit, play up the funny stuff and
learn how to deliver punch lines.
10.It is impossible to say at what point along the continuum dialect becomes a separate
language.
11.Dora slipped in unobtrusive through the back door.
12.To add to that, we also need to take into consideration the ultimate outcome of this
incident.
13.Nowadays, many young people gravitate towards cohabitation before marriage.
14.High-stakes testing uses one single exam to measure students’performance and
decided the course of their life. This has caused much stress for students, parents, teachers, and school administrators.
15.The confrontations between the Democrats and Republicans are inevitable due to
the adversarial nature of the two-party system.
16.It took me a day and half to grind out the script for my speech at that symposium.
17.One approach to address multiple-choice question is to first weed out all the
unsuitable choices or answers.
18.This report is highly speculative and has very few facts to back it up.
19.Some of the country’s customs are baffling to outsiders.
20.Conventional wisdom is a term used to describe ideas or explanations that are
generally accepted as true by the public or by experts in a field.
Unit 2
1.随着Facebook和博客等Web
2.0平台的发展，就连最保守的教师都认识到再也不能无视网
络对学生学习方式的影响了。
With the growth of Web2.0 platforms like Facebook or blogs even the most conservative teachers have realized that we can no longer sit back and ignore the influence of the Internet on the way of learning by our students.
2.当提到保护知识产权，真人秀节目的创作者们总是感到他们的呼吁被置若罔闻。
When it comes to protecting intellectual property, creators of reality shows often feel that their appeals have fallen on deaf ears.
3.根据对电脑身份盗窃的最新统计，相对其他类型的身份盗窃，多数人更易遭受网络身份盗
窃，仅仅因为他们在保护自己的隐私或者网上安全的时候不够自信。
According to the latest computer identify theft statistics, the majority of people are more vulnerable to Internet identify theft than they are to any other type of ID theft, simply because they are not confident enough to guard privacy or their online security.
4.令《哈利波特》的出版商沮丧的是，人们翘首以待的J.K.罗琳系列小说的最后一部——《哈
利波特与死亡神器》，其小说每一页的实拍图片都可能已经在昨天流传到网络上了。
To publishers’of Harry Potter frustration, photographs of every single page of Harry Potter and the deathly Hallow, the eagerly awaited final book in the series by J.K. Rowling, may have made its way on the Web yesterday.
5.你也许能轻易找到充分理由在这份材料上面花上二三十个小时，然后才真正感到已经将它
物尽其用了。
You might easily find solid reasons to work on the material for 20 or 30 hours before you truly feel you have sucked all the value out of it.
Language-focus:
on everyone’s lips 大家都在谈论的 a host of 许多，大量root in 来源于transform…into …转变成an array of 一批，一系列be embedded in嵌入
fall on deaf ears 耳边风没有被听取threaten to do derive from 衍生于drown out 淹没，压过in advance of 超过，在……后面call for要求，邀请sit back休息，不采取行动as opposed to 与……截然相反put in place落实到位be dismayed by使惊悚，使沮丧in light of根据，鉴于in accordance with依照suck the value out of 从……得到好处be prone to易于in response to 回答make one’s way 前进，成功open up 开始，展示，开发be tied to 束缚于
1.His misconduct let in a host of troubles.
2.Due to the popularity of James Cameron’s latest film, avatar is a word which is on
everyone’s lips at the moment.
3.According to a new research, soft drinks have been tied to increases in risk factors
for colon cancer, such as obesity and diabetes, but there had been little direct research of the subject.
4.The city council’s order that garbage should be put in the bins fell on deaf ears the
sidewalks are still littered with trash!
5. A public toilet in Munich which has been transformed into an art museum has
attracted hundreds of people in the first days after opening.
6.Beijing will finally start allowing foreign companies to list in China, reflecting its
ambitions to open up the country’s financial sector and transform Shanghai into an international financial centre.
7.Each spring, after eight months of hibernating underground, the snakes make their
way to the surface of the earth.
8.Studies show that, in addition to worrying more often, women may be
physiologically prone to experiencing more stress.
9.Their initial musical style was rooted in the rock and roll music in the 1950’s.
10.In response to a complaint we received under the US Digital Millennium Copyright
Act, we have removed 1 result from this page.
11.Maruti Suzuki will showcase an astonishing an array of17 vehicles at the
forthcoming Auto Expo in January.
12.The music drowned out the sound of the phone ringing.
13.Natural disasters threaten to trigger widespread damage and distress in emerging
economies, according to the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction.
14.The wonderful day will be embedded in her memory.
15.The plaintiff should be punished in accordance with the Business Law.
16.The European Parliament’s environment committee has voted not to authorize the
entry of any food deriving from cloned animals onto EU markets.
17.These officials want less foreign investment, believing that foreign capital will suck
the value out of Russia’s natural resources.
18.The firm handed over technologies to its partners and then sat back to enjoy the
cash flow.
19.The plan is designed to cover a company or group, as opposed to individual health
insurance which covers an individual and his or her family.
20.He was dismayed by the sight of the burning house.
21.In light of Shanghai’s economic growth, consumer price index, employment and
labour cost in 2008 and the worker’s wage level in 2007, the suggestions on the
Guidelines for the Enterprises’Wage Increasing Rate in Shanghai Municipality in 2008 are issued.
22.The Prime Minister on Friday called for fiscal reform to tackle prolonged deflation
in the country.
23.Putting in place the appropriate Investor Relations infrastructure and public
company protocol in advance of going public is critical to completing an IPO and ensuring a smooth transition to public company life.
翻译研究途径的回顾与发展
龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc5522046.html, 翻译研究途径的回顾与发展 作者：杨可伊 来源：《文教资料》2018年第01期 摘要：本文从翻译学研究途径回顾、翻译学当代研究的发展和翻译学有待拓展的领域三方面对近几十年来翻译学的学科发展做了梳理和总结，从语言的对比研究、功能主义学派、描写翻译学及翻译的文化转向方面做了总结和回顾，肯定了翻译学理论研究取得的卓越成果，指出了翻译学学科在纯理论研究、专项研究及构建我国翻译体系理论等方面相对滞后，以期翻译学学者和专家为丰富翻译学理论做出专门研究。 关键词：翻译研究途径翻译学理论 一、引言 研究途径是指研究者用作研究的理论与方法，翻译学处于跨学科的领域，需要借鉴其他学科的研究理论和方法丰富本学科内涵，正所谓翻译的研究途径。归纳起来，翻译研究的途径即从语言学角度研究翻译语言和对比文本阶段开始，经历了德国功能主义学派阶段、描写翻译研究阶段、文化转向研究阶段及当代社会学方向研究、实证性转向研究及全球化转向研究阶段。 二、翻译研究途径回顾 1. 50年代末至70年代注重语言的对比研究 相关理论霍姆斯、雅各布逊、卡特福德、奈达、纽马克、穆南及费道罗夫等。奈达提出了著名的动态对等翻译观，在第三阶段用功能对等取代了动态对等，指出翻译需要寻找以交际功能为目的的对等语，从而重新组织语言的结构和语义的形式，（Nida and Taber， 1969：12）奈达进一步指出翻译必须达意、传神、措辞通顺及考虑读者的接受。几乎和奈达同一时期，苏联著名翻译理论家费道罗夫（A.V. Fedorov）提出翻译学理论和语言学学科紧密相关，强调翻译要通过两种语言的对比才能体现出来，翻译要通过语言学学科才能表现出来。（蔡毅、段京华，2000：5-6）此外，哈蒂姆（Basil Hatim），纽马克（Peter Newmark），贝尔（Roger Bell）格特（Ernst-August Gutt）等将语用学、篇章语言学、认知语言学与翻译研究结合，丰富并促进了翻译语言的对比研究。 2. 70年代末至80年代德国功能主义学派研究 德国的翻译功能学派针对翻译语言学派重形式的不足，提出重文化和交际功能，将翻译研究置于目的语文化和语境中。赖斯通过文本类型理论（text typology）阐释不同文本类型的功能，指出文本的多义性和多功能性，他们运用语言功能和交际的特点分析和研究翻译。弗米尔提出目的论（Skopostheorie），认为翻译文本要以达到目的语语境为目的，并指出译文要根据目的语读者和译入语习惯达到文内连贯和互文连贯的原则。曼塔里阐发了翻译行为理论
英语翻译例子
Translation Work 1 The evidence has gotten much stronger that a substance known as C-reactive protein may be every bit as important as cholesterol in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Back in 2002, a thought-provoking study found that a blood test for C-reactive protein, called CRP, was actually better than the standard cholesterol test at predicting the risk of a heart attack or a stroke. Now two studies published in The New England Journal of Medicine have shown that drugs that reduce the levels of that protein in patients with severe heart disease can show the progression of atherosclerosis and prevent heart attacks and cardiac-related deaths. 更有力的证据证明一种被称作C反应蛋白的物质在诊断与治疗心脏疾病中有可能与胆固醇一样重要。早在2002年，人们在一个发人深省的研究中已发现血液C反应蛋白测试，即CRP，比胆固醇水平测试能更好地预测心脏病或中风的风险。现今，在《新英格兰医学期刊》中刊登的两则研究表明，用以减少患有严重心脏病的病人中的C反应蛋白水平的药物可以显示病者动脉粥样硬化的进展，并且该种药物还可以预防心脏病、降低因患与心脏相关疾病而死亡的风险。
时代周刊翻译
…Back to Sleep?: Why Are 2,500 U.S. Babies Still Dying of SIDS Each Year? ‘用背部睡觉’：为什么美国每年都有2500个婴儿死于婴儿猝死综合症 Putting babies on their back to sleep has dramatically reduced the number of SIDS deaths, but thousands of babies still die each year. A look at the key risk factors. 让婴儿用背部睡觉戏剧性的减少了婴儿猝死综合症的死亡数量，但每年还是有上千数量的婴儿死亡。这有一种对于关键的风险因素的看法。 There?s no doubt that the Back to Sleep campaign launched in 1994 to get parents to stop putting babies to sleep on their tummies has been a success. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rate of infant deaths per 1,000 live births was 1.5; it?s now 0.5. 无需置疑的是，1994年发起的用背部睡觉的运动，旨在阻止父母让婴儿用肚子睡觉是成功的。在20世纪70到80年代，婴儿死亡率为每一千名安全出生婴儿中有1.5，现在是0.5。 Within a generation, most babies are now put to bed on their backs, and yet 2,500 U.S. infants still die each year in the U.S. Researchers trying to understand why have noticed a curious byproduct of the trend toward back-sleeping: as fewer babies were being put to sleep on their bellies, more babies were documented engaging in other pediatric no-nos — sleeping with their parents, for example — which is another risk factor for SIDS. 在一代人中，大部分婴儿现在都用背部放在床上，但美国每年依然有2500个婴儿死亡。研究员正试图弄明白为什么人们会注意到用背部睡觉这种趋势的奇怪的副产品：越来越少的婴儿用腹部睡觉，越来越多的婴儿被证明参与到了一些儿科禁止的事情中——例如，和父母一起睡——这是婴儿猝死综合症的另一个风险因素。 A study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics takes a look at how risk factors for SIDS have evolved over the years. In an analysis of the 954 babies who died suddenly and unexpectedly in San Diego County between 1991 and 2008 — 568 of these deaths were attributed to SIDS — researchers found that
3英文文献及翻译格式示例
哈尔滨工业大学毕业设计（论文） 英文原文（原文也可以直接将PDF版打印） ASSESSING CREDIT OR DETERMINING QUANTITY? THE EVOLVING ROLE OF RATING AGENCIES Lynnette D. Purda* This version: April 21, 2011 Abstract Over the past ten years, credit rating agencies have come under intense criticism from both practitioners and academics, first for their failure to identify problems resulting in bankruptcies at Enron and Worldcom and second for providing overly optimistic ratings for structured finance products. While many investors question the value of rating agencies in light of these criticisms, they have proven remarkably resilient. This paper provides a brief background on how rating agencies secured competitive advantages in evaluating credit quality. It then reviews the empirical evidence on the information content of ratings given these advantages. I argue that the information content of ratings stems from two intertwined sources: 1) information related to credit quality and 2) information related to the firm’s ability to access debt. Based on this evidence, I suggest that the dominant role for ratings today is as a benchmark for financial contracting. In this way, ratings remain influential in establishing the supply and demand of debt securities. 译文 评级机构的发展的作用评估信用还是决定数量？ 本文：2011.4.21 摘要 在过去的十年，信用评级机构一直处于来自实践者和学者的激烈的批评中，首先他们未能发现问题，导致安然和世通破产；其次对结构性金融产品提供过于乐观的评级。虽然许多投资者因为这些批评对评级机构的价值提出了质疑，但他们仍然被证明是相当有活力的。这篇文章首先在评估机构如何在信用评级质量中获得竞争优势提供一个简单地背景介绍，然后考虑到这些优势回顾了一些信息内容方面的评级经验证据。个人认为信息内容的评级来自两种交织在一起（错综复杂）的来源：1）和信贷质量相关的信息；2)和公司获取债务资本能力相关的信息。以此为据，我建议当前评级的主导作用是作为基准的金融收缩。以这种方式，在建立债券的供应和需求方面评级仍然是有效的。 - -1
20世纪中国翻译研究_特殊年代的文化怪胎_黄皮书_
43 广东外语外贸大学学报 ＪＯＵＲＮＡＬ ＯＦ ＧＵＡＮＧＤＯＮＧ ＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹ ＯＦ ＦＯＲＥＩＧＮ ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳ ２０１０年５月Ｍａｙ． ２０１０ 第２１卷第３期ＶＯＬ．２１ ＮＯ．３ ２０世纪中国翻译研究： 特殊年代的文化怪胎“黄皮书” 内容提要：本文考察１９６０－１９７８年翻译文学史上一个奇特现象。这便是中国当代文化史上一度影响不小的“黄皮书”。本文检讨这套书的缘起、目的、选目方式、翻译和出版，最后分析了这套书的接受、影响和特别作用。 关键词：“黄皮书”；翻译选择；接受；特殊作用 中图分类号：Ｈ０５９ 文献标识码：Ａ 文章编号：１６７２－０９６２（２０１０）０３－００４３－０５ 王友贵 （广东外语外贸大学?广州?５１０４２０） 一、文化怪胎“黄皮书”：缘起与目的 “黄皮书”乃中国１９６０－１９７８年这段特定历史时期的翻译文学产品。因其封面十分简单，常用黄色胶版纸作封面封底，封面或封底印有“内部发行”字样，故俗称“黄皮书”。其中不乏后来发生深刻影响的当代外国文学作品。它的存在表明１９６０－７６年的中国一方面拒绝包括苏联在内的当代欧美日外国文学，否认其合法性，拒绝与之公开发生关系，别一方面又有压不住的强烈翻译需要。有趣的是，其中不少译著到８０年代摇身一变“扶正”了，从“内部”到“公开”；其中部分作品给特殊年代的读者，尤其是青年读者，留下终身难忘的印象。 “黄皮书”缘于中苏两党生重大分歧之初。其前身是分歧初起之１９５７年便开始选译的“内部参考”作品，如苏联的《不单单是面包》（１９５７）。与其前身相对应者，是１９５７年３月１日《参考消息》由刊物变为报纸，４开４版。“黄皮书”作为批量翻译的书籍，其正式启动略晚一点，在５９年１２月至６０年１月北京新侨饭店的一次会议上启动［１］，与此同时《世界文学》编辑部奉命编选《世界文学参考资料专辑》，陆续出版。“黄皮书”前后历时约１９年，正式启动前的１９５７－５９年可谓预备期，文革初期４年（１９６７－７０）停译，１９７７－７８年是其尾声。其正式批量翻译在６０年代初。最初推出的“黄皮书”并非黄皮裹身。据参与其事的秦顺新回忆，出 了十几本“内部发行”之后，主其事的林默涵找人文社总编韦君宜商量，建议统一采用不显眼的土黄色作封面，人文社照办。后来文化界、读书界袭用“黄皮书”专指６０－７０年代翻译的“内部发行”的外国文学书（不过７０年代始见白皮、灰麻麻的纸作封）。它前期由人民文学出版社负责，上海方面偶尔参与，具体由人文社的副牌“作家出版社”、“中国戏剧出版社”充任出版者；后期上海方面参与程度高，与人文社共同负责。“黄皮书”仅是皮书系列内的一大类，类似的还有“灰皮书”，译著更多。“灰皮书”指内部翻译的“修正主义”和欧美历史、传记、政治、理论等社科著作，由人民出版社负责，商务、中央编译局、世界知识出版社参与其事，当时人民社的副牌“三联”亦参与。 出版界资深文化人陈原先生这样描述非常时期的这两类书［２］： 六十年代初，反修的热浪席卷全国，出版了两套很别致的所谓修正主义的“反面教材”：一套用灰色纸作封面封底，习惯上称之为“灰皮书”，一套用黄色纸作封面封底，叫“黄皮书”。灰皮书收录社会科学论著，包括考茨基、托洛茨基、布哈林、赫鲁晓夫等人的著述或评传；黄皮书则收录所谓“修正主义”文学作品。 承担“灰皮书”部分任务的原商务负责人陈翰伯先生曾经在文革中一份交代材料里谈及这个任务的缘起：“１９６１年底或１９６２年初钓鱼台反修小组，康生同志通过包之静要几 收稿日期：２０１０－０１－１５ ＊基金项目：本文是广东省“２１１工程”三期建设项目《人文学中心建设—比较视野 的文学通化研究》子课题“２０世纪下半叶中国文学家翻译群体研究”（项目编号：ＧＤＵＦＳ２１１－２－００２）的研究成果。 作者简介：王友贵，男，四川成都人，博士，广东外语外贸大学英文学院教授，博士生导师；研究方向：英 国文学，中国２０世纪翻译文学史，翻译史，文学翻译。
科学美国人的中文翻译
2012年1月4日星期三 雌激素是新的“利他林”吗？ ——性激素能让一部分女性思维敏捷，却也让一部分迟钝 大考即将来临？无法集中注意力？尝试一点雌激素吧。 加州大学伯克利分校的神经系统科学家在最近的一项研究中报道称，女性生理周期中的荷尔蒙波动可能会如咖啡因、甲基苯丙胺或最常见的兴奋剂利他林一样影响其大脑。 近年来的研究表明，工作记忆（短期信息处理能力）是依赖于化学物质多巴胺的。事实上，像利他林这样的药物可以模仿多巴胺帮助人们集中注意力。在老鼠身上的研究显示，雌激素似乎可以诱发多巴胺的释放。但是伯克利这次的新研究是首次把认识能力和人的雌激素水平联系起来，这也就解释了为什么有些女性会在她们生理周期的不同时间点有着或好或坏的认识能力。 这只研究团队对24名健康女性进行了检测。通过基因测试，她们中有些天然多巴胺水平高，而有些天然低。不出所料，多巴胺水平低的女性对于处理复杂的工作记忆问题有困难，比如将一串五个数字反着背出来。但当测试在排卵期中进行，雌激素水平最高时（一般是月经期的10~12天后）这些女性的表现显著改善，有大约10%的进步。令人惊讶的是，多巴胺水平天然高的女性处理复杂问题的能力，却在排卵期中雌激素水平最高的时候有很明显的下降。 根据组织此次研究的Ph.D Emily Jacobs说，脑中的多巴胺是“classic Goldilacks scenario”。对于多巴胺水平最低的25%女性来说，在月经期多巴胺水平的增加会增强她们的认识能力，而对于多巴胺水平最高的25%女性来说，月经期多巴胺水平的增加可能会使她们的多巴胺水平超过一个上限，从而减弱她们的认识能力。而剩下的50%女性都处在这两类女性水平之间，不在研究的范围内。 这项研究有着重大的意义。Jacob说，像咖啡因、利他林这种诱发多巴胺释放的药物对于特定时期的女性是无效，甚至是损害性的。而且，她还希望提醒科学家们注意，在研究脑部疾病时，男女大脑虽然天赋相同但是并不完全一样。 Jacob说，这之间有很大区别，只有我们能知道他们在正常状态下的区别，我们才能预测他们在疾病状态下的区别。 毁约——脑扫描揭示誓言什么时候会不被遵守 新郎说“我愿意”而又和别人有一腿的时候，他脑中发生了什么？朋友承诺还钱却一直不还，他的脑中又发生了什么？一项最新研究显示，毁约是一项很复杂的神经生物学事件。而且脑扫描可以在毁约发生前预测出谁将要毁约。 瑞士苏黎世大学的科学家运用核磁共振技术把大脑比喻成了一场投资游戏。投资者必须决定是否承诺与受托者分享利益。如果投资，会使得账户中的资金增加，但如果受托者选择不分享，结果也会是投资者受损失。几乎所有投资者都说会把钱给受托者，但最后并不会所有人都守约。 通过核磁共振的扫描，研究者可以在他们有机会毁约前预测出他们会不会毁约。毁约者脑部的一些区域的活动会更加活跃，包括分管在压抑诚实回应时自我控制的前额皮质层，和标志
英汉翻译经典例子及答案
1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls （环礁）. 在那里，由于地心引力的剧烈干扰，一道道山脉，一座座火山升出水面。千百年来，微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡，形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多，那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人，于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方，河水漫出河床，宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系，迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起，困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪，在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上，撒在田野里，撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.
新时代英语传统文化翻译
英语翻译 Unit 1Book 3. 中国传统节日以中国的农历为依据。农历年的岁首称为春 节，俗称“过年”，有祈年等多种习俗，是中国人民最隆重的传统节日， 象征团结兴旺。其他主要的节日有元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕节、 中秋节、重阳节、冬至节、腊八节等等。各个节日都有其来源讲究和风 俗习惯。农历节日与农历中的二十四节气不同。农历节日是中华民族凝 聚力和生命力的体现 Traditional Chinese festivals are usually fixed to the Lunar calendar. January 1st on the lu Seventh Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Double- Ninth Festival, the Winter Solstice, and the Eight Day of the Twelfth Lunar Month, etc. Ea Lunar calendar. They embody China's cohesion and vitality. Unit 3Book3. 中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画” 的画特指国画。其绘画形式 是用毛笔蘸水、墨、颜料作画于绢、帛、宣纸之上，古代称之为水墨丹 青。为区别于西方的油画而称之为“中国画”，简称“国画”。其题材有人 物、山水、花鸟等。技法可分为工笔和写意。国画的艺术特质在于“笔 墨”，强调以形写神，画尽意在。国画在艺术创作上反映了中化民族的 审美意识和情趣。 The four art forms in ancient China are guqin, chess, penmanship, and painting. And paint painting.” In order to distinguish it from Western oil-paintings, the Chinese people term their works “traditional Chinese painting” ( hand brushwork. The artistic characteristics lie in “the writing brush and ink.” Chinese pai 5. 中国石窟 中国石窟组要反映的是佛教文化艺术。敦煌莫高窟、大同云冈石窟、洛 阳龙门石窟、天水麦积山石窟，号称中国四大石窟艺术景观。佛教石窟 随山雕凿、彩绘，形象生动自然，将崇尚美与世俗情融为一体，把天然 造化与人工创造有机结合，是由建筑、绘画、雕塑等组成的博大精深、 绚丽夺目的综合艺术殿堂。其艺术成就为世界瞩目，已成为重要的世界 文化遗产。 Chinese Grottoes Chinese grottoes mainly reflect the art of Buddhist culture. In China， there are four major art landscape of grottoes:the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang, the Yungang Grottoes at Datong, the Longmen Grottoes at Luoyang, and the Maijishan Grottoes at Tianshui. Carved and painted on mountains, the Buddhist grottoes mingle both sublimity and secular feelings together, presenting us a vivid and natural appearance. They embody the systematic combination of both the exceptional artistry of great nature and the extremely fine craftsmanship of mankind. The Chinese Buddhist Grottoes are regarded
英文翻译范例
毕业设计（论文）英文翻译 课题名称 系 部 专 业 班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师 校内： 校外： 2012年4月5日
原文： CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER INTRUSION AND KINDS OF SECURITY BREACHES CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER INTRUSION AND KINDS OF SECURITY BREACHES 1．CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER INTRUSION The target of a crime involving computers may be any piece of the computing system．A computing system is a collection of hardware，software，storage media，data，and persons that an organization uses to do computing tasks．Whereas the obvious target of a bank robbery is cash，a list of names and addresses of depositors might be valuable to a competing bank．The list might be on paper，recorded on a magnetic medium，stored in internal computer memory，or transmitted electronically across a medium such as a telephone line．This multiplicity of targets makes computer security difficult．In any security system，the weakest point is the most serious vulnerability．A robber intent on stealing something from your house will not attempt to penetrate a two-inch thick metal door if a window gives easier access．A sophisticated perimeter physical security system does not compensate for unguarded access by means of a simple telephone line and a modem．The “weakest point” philosophy can be restated as the following principle．
地层时代中英文对照
圭亚那盆地地层时代中英文对照 Cainozoic 新生界 Tertiary 第三纪 Pleistocene 第三纪更新世 Miocene 第三纪中新世 Lower Miocene 第三纪下中新世 Oligocene 第三纪渐新世 Eocene 第三纪始新世 Middle Eocene第三纪中始新世 Lower Eocene第三纪下始新世 Paleocene 第三纪古新世、古近系 Cretaceous 白垩纪 Senonian 森诺阶 Campanian 坎帕阶 Santonian 桑托阶 Coniacian 科尼亚克阶（晚白垩纪第三期）Turonian 白垩纪土仑阶（晚白垩纪第二期）Cenomanian 森诺曼阶 Albian 阿尔比阶 Aptian 阿普第阶 Barremian 巴列姆阶 Precambrian 前寒武纪地层
Cainozoic 新生界 Quaternary 第四系Quaternary period 第四纪Paleocene 第三纪古新世、古近系 Mesozoic中生界 Cretaceous 白垩系 Jurassic 侏罗系 Triassic 三叠系 LateTriassicepoch 晚三叠世 Paleozoic 古生界 Permian 二叠系 LatePermianepoch Early Permian 早二叠世 Carboniferous 石炭系石炭纪 Late Carboniferous Devonian 泥盆系泥盆纪upperDevonionseries 上泥盆统 siluric 志留系Silurian 志留纪 Ordovician 奥陶系奥陶纪 Cambrian 寒武系寒武纪 Proterozoic era 元古代
中文地址英语翻译示例
中文地址英语翻译示例 【字体：大中小】【日期：2005年01月11日来源：本站原创编辑：毛浩然点击数：】【关闭】 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。掌握了这个原则，翻译起来就容易多了！ Ｘ室RoomＸ Ｘ号No.Ｘ Ｘ单元UnitＸ Ｘ号楼Building No.Ｘ Ｘ街ＸStreet Ｘ路ＸRoad Ｘ区ＸDistrict Ｘ县ＸCounty Ｘ镇ＸTown Ｘ市ＸCity Ｘ省ＸProvince 请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。 中文地址翻译范例： 宝山区示范新村37号403室 Room 403, No. 37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District 虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室 Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South), HongKou District 473004河南省南阳市中州路42号李有财 Li Youcai Room 42 Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473004 434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店李有财 Li Youcai Hongyuan Hotel Jingzhou city Hubei Prov. China 434000 473000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司李有财 Li Youcai Special Steel Corp.
No. 272, Bayi Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473000 528400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702 李有财 Li Youcai Room 702, 7th Building Hengda Garden, East District Zhongshan, China 528400 361012福建省厦门市莲花五村龙昌里34号601室李有财 Li Youcai Room 601, No. 34 Long Chang Li Xiamen, Fujian, China 361012 361004厦门公交总公司承诺办李有财 Mr. Li Youcai Cheng Nuo Ban, Gong Jiao Zong Gong Si Xiamen, Fujian, China 361004 266042山东省青岛市开平路53号国棉四厂二宿舍1号楼2单元204户甲李有财Mr. Li Youcai NO. 204, A, Building NO. 1 The 2nd Dormitory of the NO. 4 State-owned Textile Factory 53 Kaiping Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China 266042
90年代结婚证翻译模板
MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE (Seal of Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China) Supervised bytheMinistry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China Photograph of the holder and his/her spouse (embossing seal) Certificate Holder： 1 / 3
Marriage Certificate No.: Name： Sex：Female Birthday Date： ID No： Name： Sex：Male Birthday Date： ID No：Themarriage application conforms to the provisions of the Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China. We hereby certify thatthe applicants are registered as married. Issuing Authority：(Special Seal for Marriage Registration, CivilAffairs Bureau of XX District, Shanghai) Date of Registration： 2 / 3
The Marriage Law prescribes that both the male and the female applicants shallgo to the marriage registration authority in person to get registered. If the application conforms to the provisions of the Marriage Law, the applicants shall be registered and issued the marriage certificate.Marriage relationship will be established once the marriage certificate is issued. Printed by the Department of Civil Affairs of Shanghai 3 / 3
科学翻译
第12页 0903060136 梁潇 0903060137 黄浩 0901014108 黄瑞尧 5.3性能分析 通信开销：在和平时期，验证和密钥协商协议的要求只有三路之间的网状路由器和网络用户和双向沟通网络用户之间。这是最低的通信回合要实现相互认证，因此，和平招致降低认证延迟。此外，通过设计，和平带来最低的额外因为它们可能对网络用户的通信开销如掌上电脑和智能手机进行的移动客户端比其他笔记本电脑访问无线网状网。这些移动客户端要少得多强大相比，网状路由器考虑到他们的沟通能力。在消息（M.1），（M.1），（M.2），网络用户只需要发送一组签名履行认证功能。作为我们立足本集团上签字的变化计划[8]中提出，签名的包括两个G的元素五个元素的Z带够。当使用[19]中描述的曲线，可以首要采取p到170位并使用G组1，其中每个元素是171位。因此，总群签名的长度为1192位或149字节。有了这些参数，安全性是大致相同作为一个标准的1024位RSA签名，这是128个字节[8]。也就是说，群签名的长度几乎是作为一个标准的RSA-1024的签名相同。 计算开销：在和平，最昂贵的计算操作的签名生成和验证。签名生成需要两个同构的应用中。同构计算，需要大约同时，作为一个在G1幂（使用快速计算的轨迹图）[8]。因此，签名生成需要约八幂（或multiexponentiations）和两个双线性映射计算。验证签名需要六个幂和3+2|网址|双线性映射计算。按照设计，和平采用会话认证的不对称对称的混合方法，降低计算成本。网络实体（Mesh 路由器和网络用户）执行昂贵的组签名操作相互验证，只有当建立一个新的会话，所有同一会话的后续数据交换是通过高效的基于MAC的方法进行验证。 更具体地说，和平需要进行相互认证，为建立一个新的会话时，执行一个签名生成和签名验证的网络用户。由此可以看出，签名验证的实际成本计算取决于一致资源定址器的大小，而签名的发电成本是固定的。和平可以主动控制的一致资源定址器的大小。此外，可以采取一种更为有效的吊销检查算法，其运行的时间是一致资源定址器的独立[8]中描述了对用户的隐私有点牺牲。这种技术可以进一步带来的总成本六幂和5个双线性映射计算的签名验证。另一方面，和平需要一个网状路由器进行相互认证其覆盖范围内的每个网络用户每每灯塔消息不同的会议和标志定期播出。 存储开销：在和平中，网络用户可以携带资源约束的普及设备，如掌上电脑和智能手机访问的无线网状网。因此，存储每个网络用户的开销应该是负担得起的现代普及设备。在我们的计划显示说明，在和平中的每个网络用户需要存储两个信息：他的小组的私钥及相关系统参数。该组的私钥为每个用户包含1组元素的G1和2个Z元素。如果我们首要选择p到170位，并使用G组1每个组171位的元素，每个组私钥用户只需消耗511位的内存，这是微不足道的现代普及设备。大多数的内存消耗部分是系统参数，其中可能包括代码来形容双线性组（G
大数据时代英文翻译
Era of Big Data is a woman's age; women in the gene can accumulate and deal with big data/ women are born to accumulate and deal with big data. Many men and children, in fact, have been wondering about this special ability of women. Like, as a child, just as soon as you entered the house your Mother said immediately in a suspicious tone: “Liu zhijun, you didn’t do well in the exam today, did you.” Another example, you just have a glance at the mobile phone, your wife laughs: “Does Er gou the next door ask you to play games?” One more ex ample, when you close the door and make a phone call, your girlfriend will cry: “Who are shot in bed?” They are sometimes right, sometimes wrong. However, On the whole, the accuracy rate is higher than chance level. When they are wrong, men would sneer women always give way to foolish fancies; when they are right, men would say women are sensitive animal maybe with more acute sensory organs. Anyway, that is a guess. It has already scared man that overall accuracy rate is higher than the random level. In order to adapt to this point, the male also developed a very strong skills against reconnaissance. This part is beyond the scope of this article, so no more details about it. Some studies, such as Hanna Holmes’s paper, have indi cated that the white matter of the female’s brain is higher than that of the male. So they have very strong imagination of connecting things together. Some recent studies have shown that women are better than men in the "date" memory. That is the reason why they are able to remember all the birthdays, anniversaries, and even some of the great day of unimportant friends. No matter whether these results are true or not, I am afraid that this is not women's most outstanding ability. Women's most remarkable ability is a long-term tracking of some seemingly unimportant data to form their own baseline and pattern. Once the patterns of these data points are significantly different from the baseline she is familiar with, she knows something unusual. In their daily life, women do not consider the difference between causality and correlation. They believe in the principle: "There must be something wrong out of something unusual." People who talk about big data often take Lin Biao as an example. Lin Biao recorded some detailed and unimportant data after a battle. Such as seized guns, the proportion of rifles and pistols, the age levels of war prisoners, seized grain, whether they are sorghum or millet, etc., all of which were unavoidably recorded in the book. Others laughed at him. But later, he determined where the enemy headquarters were according to these data. What women do is almost the same. A girl A has a secret crush on boy B, but she usually doesn’t contact him directly. Two days later, I asked her if she wanted to ask him to have dinner together. She said he was playing. I wondered “how do you know that?” She said that boy B usually is on the line Gmail at 8:00 am, away status at8:30am, for he goes out to buy coffee and breakfast, on line again at 9:00am, busy status, for he is at work, away again at12:30am for lunch, on line for whole evenings, maybe for reading or playing games. His buddy C is on line at10:00 am, still online till 2:00am next day. He is a boy who gets up late and stays up late. His buddy D is on line for the most of the day. However, the most important pattern is that there are 2-3 days per week, during which they would be offline or away for 3-4 hours together. Conclusion: they are playing together.