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1.孤児根性

伊豆の踊り子の主人公の孤児根性は川端康成の個人経験と関係がある。川端康成は孤児出、幼い時に人間の暖かさを感じられなかったので、偏屈で内向的な性格を培ったのだ。著者は生き生き描写を通して、その主人公の敏感、劣等感という孤児根性をよく描き出した。

2.東洋の美

小説の中で、主人公が好きな踊り子の少女は無邪気で、とてもきれいだけでなく、東洋女性として、その特有のクラシックの優しさと美しさはいつもどきどきさせていました。主人公と少女の間の微妙な恋は曖昧で、淡い悲しみと真実の美を示して、感動させます。そして、作者はいきいきに美しい自然景色を重点に描くこともあります。つまり、著者はいろいろ描写を通して、東洋の美を十分にあらわす。

3. ?となりのトトロ?のおもしろかった理由（宮崎）

?となりのトトロ?というアニメは実在しないものの形象化において何よりもすぐれています。アニメの中で、本来形のないものを見つめ、そこに形あるものの優しさを感じられます。そして、夢の幻想と現実が入り交じるのは子供の無邪気さや人と自然の調和などの感動させる画面を作って、人々を驚かしています。

５．日本人の合理主義とは歴史を踏まえ論じる。

日本人の合理主義は日本人のモラルの学問で、批判的な態度を持って、外来文化を受け入れること。日本は律令時代でさえ完全な中国体制をとっていませんし、完全に儒学を受け入れない。近代、外国からものを学ぶ習慣がついました。

６．儒教への理解

本当の意味の儒教というのは、百姓どものつきあいの仕方、きびしい親類の序列に至るまでのものである。

完全な儒教というのは、孔子、孟子を読んだブッキッシュなことだけではなく、生活の規範とかしきたりとか、お葬式の出し方とか婚礼の仕方とかものに至るまでのものである。

７．日本文化の主体性から古典と仏教への理解を論じる。

仏教は宗教よりむしろ哲学である。仏教も思想でもあって、いくつの思想を生んだ。そして、仏教の聖書すなわち経典は無数である。それは日本人の精神的遺産である。大切にしなければならない。

仏典と日本文学はつながりがある。日本文学の傑作の中には仏教思想が深く影を投げている。仏教を知らずと、これらの傑作を理解できない。

８．一期一会

一期一会（いちごいちえ）とは、茶道に由来することわざです。『あなたとこうして出会っているこの時間は、二度と巡って来ない、たった一度きりのものです。だから、この一瞬を大切に思い、今出来る最高のおもてなしをしましょう』と言う意味です。

主一無敵とは一つのことに全身全霊を注ぎ込んでわき目を振らず、つまり?敬?、或いは?一心不乱?と同じ意味だというのです。茶事を催すとき、茶事に自分の心を傾倒し足り、真剣、敬虔にお客をもてなしたりするひつやおがあります。

独坐観念：茶事が終わったら、主人とお客はお互いに礼をします。主人は静かに客を見送った後、一人で茶室に戻って、落ち着いて茶事のことや余情残心を返りみって、それは一生に一度だけ出る茶会だということに残念だと思います。

９．日本文化の型

A. 恥の文化

他者の内的感情やおもわくと自己の対面とを重視する行動様式によって特徴づけられる文化をいう。恥の文化を日本人特有の文化体系と考える。即ち、日本人の行動様式は、恥をかかないとか、恥をかかせるとか言うように「恥」の道徳律が内面化されていて、この行動様式が日本人の文化を特色づけているとする。

B.「各々其ノ所ヲ得」という行動原則

「各々其ノ所ヲ得」即ち状況に応じて身を処していくという行動原則である。日本民族は、国家としても個人としても、それぞれが状況の中でどういう位置に置かれているかということを重視して行動を決定する。例えば、対米開戦時、初めに、アメリカに精いっぱいで抵抗したが、敗北に帰すると、立場を変え、アメリカに従順な平和国家、民主国家として再生しようと努力し始める。

C.義理と人情

義理は自発的な感情とは無関係の形成的な、金銭貸借にも似た一種の契約関係である。社会秩序の根幹として厳密に履行されるこのを要求する。しかし、しばしば自発的な感情—————人情と衝突する。そのため、義理と人情は、個個の義務項目に違反したかどうか、それによって、世間に対し恥をかいたかどうかということを基準にする対社会的、相対的な目安で、お互いに折り合う。

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Unit 2 Preview 1. Listen to the recording of the text and choose the statement that best reflects your understanding. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C Vocabulary I． Become familiar with the rules of word formation 1. Give the parts of speech of the following words and guess the meaning. 1. n 2. n 3. v past participle 4. v past participle 5. v past participle 6. n 7. n 8. n 9. adj. 10. adj. 11. n 12. n 13. adv 14. adv 15. adj. 16. adj. 20. n 2. Guess the meaning of the following words and see how they are formed. 1．头痛 2．钞票 3．祖国 4．伤心 5．握手 6．山体滑坡 7．月光 8．雪靴 9．手册 10．店员 11.夜总会 12.交叉火力 13.意志力 3. Translate the following expressions, paying attention to the different use of the suffix “-y”. 1．繁星密布的夜空 2．狂风暴雨肆虐的大海 3．棉花般的雪 4．多山地区 5．落基山脉 6．肉嘟嘟的鼻子 7．多毛的胸部 8．浓密的眉毛 9．卷曲的头发 10．有钱人 11．雨季 12．银发 13．红润的面颊 14．多刺的鱼 15．瘦骨嶙峋的女孩儿16．气味难闻的奶酪 17．咸味食品 18.华而不实的语言 4. Translate the following sentences, paying special attention to the words in bold type. 1. 一个男子突然站了起来，用他的鞋子朝他扔过去。幸亏他及时低头躲了过去。 2. 我们在他回家前把房间通通风吧。 3.她虽然八十好几了，但还能穿针引线。 4. 我们必须勇敢面对这个危险。总有人妖在我们这里浑水摸鱼。 5. 她清楚地知道，如果她把那钱放进口袋，她就会倒大霉。 [head for:很可能遭受（不幸）；会招致] 6.会议是由一位刚刚平步青云，掌握大权的女性主持的。 7. 正如老话所说，剥猫皮可以有很多种方法。（不必墨守成规） 8. 一对年轻的恋人坠入爱河，仅因为此，他们被（人们用石头）活活砸死。 9. 我希望贫富差距能够缩小。前两天，我看见一个饿极了的年轻人在一家饭馆狼吞虎咽地吃残羹剩饭。 10.桌子上的食品如此诱人，我都流口水了。

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大学英语精读第二册（第三版）book2 Unit1答案 1. bare 2. Empty 3. Empty 4. Bare 5. Empty 6.empty 二） 1. shortly 2.track down 3.faint 4.motioned 5.at the sight of 6.feel like 7.slamming 8.rang out 9.contract 10.made for 11.heated 12.emerged 三） 1. host 2. sprang up/rang out 3. Impulse 4. came to 5. track down 6. Unexpected 7. Outgrow 8. Widened 9. Shortly 10. emerge / spring up 11. at the sight of 12. made for 13. Crisis 14. colonial 四） 1. Jimmy has outgrown the shirts his aunt made for him a few years ago. 2. Does the doctor think the elderly lady is likely to survive the operation / it is likely that the elderly lady will survive the operation? 3. The other day your cousin paid us an unexpected visit. 4. Don't you see the nurse motioning us to be silent? 5. Her face lit up with joy at his return. 6. The sound of her footsteps grew fainter as she walked farther away. 五） 1. Additional advantageous Anxious conditional Courageous curious Dangerous educational Emotional famous Industrial intentional Medical mountionou Musical mysterious National occasional Personal practical 2. Heated colored pigtailed gifted bearded pointed experienced aged skilled diseased 六） 1.The people questioned gave very different opinions on the issue. 2. Can you see the man climbing on that rock? 3. Several days passed before they came up with a satisfactory solution to the problems discussed. 4. We were woken early by the sound of the birds singing. 5. The chairman made it clear that those objecting should explain their reasons. 6. After a day’s work, I felt I had little energy left. 7. I knew of some of the athletes taking part. 8. The success obtained surprised those who had given up the project as impossible. 七） 1. During the time that 2. As long as 3. Although 4. as long as 5. whereas 6. Although 7. whereas 8. Although 1. They frightened the child into telling the truth. 2. He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was the son of a millionaire. 3. My tactless words forced the old gentleman into buying something he could not possibly afford. 4. He finally talked me into accepting his terms.