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优胜奖_土楼公舍_南海_广东_中国

优胜奖:土楼公舍,南海,广东,中国

WINNING PRIZE: URBAN-TU-LOU PROGRAM, NANHAI, GUANGDONG, CHINA, 2008

建筑设计:刘晓都,孟岩(都市实践)

ARCHITECTS: LIU Xiaodu, MENG Yan (URBANUS)

11 鸟瞰/Aerial view

土楼是客家民居独有的建筑形式。它是介于城市和乡村之间的一个集合体,即用集合住宅的方式,将居住、贮藏、商店、集市、祭祀、公共娱乐等功能集中于一个建筑体量。土楼具有巨大的凝聚力。

将土楼作为当前解决低收入住宅问题的方法,不只是形式上的承袭。传统土楼将房间沿周边均匀布局,和现代宿舍建筑类似,但又具有现代板式宿舍所缺少的亲和力,有助于保持低收入社区中的邻里感。

将“新土楼”植入当代城市的典型地段,通过实验,从中遴选出最经济、最贴切的模式,这一过程是对常规意义上城市建设想像力的额外激发。土楼与城市绿地拼贴,与城市立交桥拼贴,与高速公路拼贴,这些试验都是在探讨如何用土楼这种建筑类型去消化城市高速发展过程中遗留下来的不便使用的闲置土地。获得这些土地的成本极低,甚至由于这类土地的开发有贡献于城市管理,还可以得到褒奖,

从而使低收入住宅开发

的成本大大降低。土楼外部的封闭性可将周边恶劣的环境予以屏蔽,同时,内部的向心性又创造出温馨的小环境。

将传统客家土楼的居住文化与低收入住宅结合在一起,不仅是一个研究课题,更标志着低收入人群的居住状况开始进入大众的视野。这项研究的特点是分析角度的全面性和从理论到实践的延续性。对土楼原型进行尺度、空间模式、功能等方面的演绎,然后加入经济、自然等多种城市环境要素,在多种要素的碰撞之中寻找各种可能的平衡,这种全面演绎保证了丰富经验的获得,并为深入的思考提供了平台。从调查土楼的现状开始,研究传统客家土楼在现代生活方式下的适应性,将其城市性发掘出来,然后具体深化,进行虚拟设计,论证项目的可行性,最终将研究成果予以推广,这样从理论到实践的连续性研究,是“新土楼”构想的现实性和可操作性的完美佐证。□

23

2 位置图/Location3 模型/Model

Tu-lou is a dwelling type unique to the Hakkapeople. It is a communal residence between the cityand the countryside, integrating living, storage,shopping, spiritual, and public entertainment intoone single building entity.

Traditional units in Tu-lou are evenly laid outalong its perimeter, like modern slab-style dormitorybuildings, but with greater opportunities for socialinteraction. Although this type is very much suitablefor low-income housing, simply copying the form andstyle of the Tu-lou would not be a good solution for thedesign of low-income housing. However, by learningfrom the Tu-lou, one can help preserve communityspirit among low-income families.

By introducing a“new Tu-lou”to modern citiesand by careful experimentation of form andeconomy, one can transcend conventional urbandesign. Our experiments explored ways to stitch theTu-lou within the existing urban fabric of the city-green areas, overpasses, expressways, and residualland left over by urbanization. The cost of residualsites is quite low due to incentives by thegovernment, and this is an important factor in

developing low-income housing. The close proximity

of each Tu-lou building helps insulate the usersfrom the chaos and noise of the outside environment,while creating an intimate and comfortableenvironment inside.

Integrating the living culture of traditional HakkaTu-lou buildings with low-income housing is not onlyan academic issue-there is an important social issuetoo. The living condition of the poor is now gainingmore public attention.

How can one effectively adapt the Tu-lou into themodern city? Research was characterized bycomprehensive analyses and continuity from thetheoretical to the practical. The study has examinedsize, space patterns, and functions of Tu-lou buildings.We also tried to inject new urban elements with thetraditional style, and balance the tension betweenthese two paradigms. In the end, we not only realizedthe feasibility and usefulness of the Tu-lou, but wealso gained experience and a deep understanding of averitable urban form.□设计时间/Design: 2006-2008建造时间/Construction: 2008建筑面积/Floor Area: 13 711m2

4 土楼与公路拼贴/Collage, Tu-lou next to highway5 土楼与铁路拼贴/Collage, Tu-lou next to railway

7896 远景/Distant view

7 土楼与城市拼贴/Collage, Tu-lou in the city

8 土楼与旧厂房拼贴/Collage, Tu-lou with old factories

9 土楼与立交桥拼贴/Collage, Tu-lou next to road overpass

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12

15

13Array

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10 密度研究/Density study

11 中心庭院/Central courtyard

12 地下层平面/Underground floor plan

13 首层平面/Ground floor plan

14 三、四层平面/Third and fourth floor plan

15 社区主入口/Main entrance

16 剖面/Section

17

评语:

土楼项目是一个可以在城市发展中推广应用的建筑类型方案,也是处于城市空墟中的低收入住宅项目基于传统类型的一种有趣选择。

设计者利用都市性及社会性的现代因子,有效地将传统土楼的原型转换成符合现代性的住宅案例。设计很巧妙地将圆形体量向内延展出方形体量,外部圆形空间主要配置住宅单元,仍维持其完整性,只有在由圆变方的一翼,设计者将外部圆形空间有效降低,有利于拓宽内部方形体量的视野,内部方形体量植入多种内容,如旅舍、会所、转角的公共空间,内部的多样及转角虚化的公共空间,有效地化解了方与圆体量转角处的压力,而内容之混搭,更贴近现代都市生活。

该住宅议题有别于大多数所谓豪宅,利用土楼意向提供低收入住宅一个全新的面貌及生活的内容。本项目在社会议题的着力,建筑原型转换上的探索,及现代都市生活复杂与多样的特色上均有其贡献,对一窝蜂房地产开发项目中的新兴都市而言,这种案例,无疑证明了建筑师的专业能力与对新生活的诠释,确实可以创造并改变我们的生活环境,明显展现出特性与社会性的相互需求与相互依赖——一种密不可分的关系。□

JuryComments:

The Urban-Tu-lou is a proposal that could be analternative for the architectural types ordinary usedin the urban development. It is also a very interestingoption based on a traditional type, facing the future ofthe low income housing project (in the urban voids).

Combining modern urban and social factors, thehouses serve as a typical case of appropriatetransformation of traditional Tu-lou into moderndwelling houses. The project craftily extends a squarevolume in the round space. Dwelling units are mainlylaid in the external round spaces, only on the sidewhere the round spaces transit into square spaces, thearchitect greatly reduces the external round spaces,which felicitates visual extension of square spaces.Various functional spaces are placed in the interiorsquare volume, like such public spaces as hotel,

clubhouse and turnaround corner. The diversified and

virtual internal public spaces effectively alleviate thepressure on the turnaround corners of square andround spaces. Mixing of content is close to modernurban life.

The common housing market is different fromthe luxury housing market. The Urban Tu-lou designcan be used to provide low income people with abrand-new living style. The project makes muchcontribution on social issues, exploration ontransformation of building prototype and complicacyand diversity of urban life. Among the swarming realestate development projects, this project wellexhibits the architects' expertise and theirinterpretation of new life that buildings truly cancreate and change our living environment. Moreover,it reveals the close relation of reciprocal demandand interdependence between the characteristicsand sociality of a building.□

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17 立面研究/Elevation study

18 外墙局部/Exterior wall19 立面/Elevation

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212220 屋顶平台/Rooftop terrace

21 院落/Courtyard

22 走廊/Corridor

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23 土楼结构分析/Tu-lou components analysis

木格栅公共空间

公寓类型2

公寓类型2

小旅店

庭院饭馆

自行车停车

健身台球自行车停车

木格栅

木格栅

屋顶花园

公共空间

木格栅

斜屋顶

可开启木百叶

混凝土格栅

公寓类型1

小旅店

中心庭院商店

图书馆自行车停车

计算机房

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