The Ancient Olympic Games

The Ancient Olympic Games

People travelled for great distances to go to the festival at Olympia. This was a religious festival for the ancient Greeks. At the festival there were sports events in which the best athletes from all around the Greek world took part. At the beginning of the festival all the athletes had to swear an oath.The oaths were made in front of the organizers of the games, in a building called the Bouleuterion. In that building there was a large statue of Zeus the king of the Greek gods. The athletes swore that they had been in training for ten months.

The festival lasted for five days. During the first day there were events in which boys took part. The second day began with horse and chariot races. Women were allowed to own teams of horses. So although they were not allowed to be at the Olympics sometimes they were the winners in these events! in the afternoon of the second day came the It was

similar to the modern pentathlon, with five separate events. In the ancient Olympics these were the discus, the javelin, running, long jumping and wrestling which is replaced by hurdling in the modem pentathlon.

The Olympic games were part of a religious festival. On the third day there was an important ceremony. Oxen were sacrificeda nd parts of them burned on top of a large altar The rest of the meat was then shared out amongst the crowd. Every one of the thousands of spectators was given some to eat. On day three there were running races. The short sprint is the oldest Olympic event. In fact it was the only event at the first Olympic games, in the year 776BC.

On day four there was boxing, wrestling and an event called the pankration. This was a form of wrestling with hardly any rules. There was also a running race in which the runners wore soldier's armour and carried shields. Many of the events at

the ancient Olympics were about being a successful soldier.

On day five the events were all over and the prizes were given out. Like the modern Olympics there were no moneprizes. Instead the winners were given a crown made from olive branches. These were special olive branches, from the

sacredolive tree near the temple of Zeus. At the end of the fifth day the festival ended. There were celebrations and feasting!

Why Some Athletes Use Drugs

Every four years as the Olympic Games begin, we hear about athletes using or at least being tested for performance-enhancing drugs. Sometimes, competitors raise the question when one athlete does particularly well. Other times, tests catch athletes with drugs in their systems. The practice of using artificial substances or methods to enhance athletic performance is called doping. Doping has

become such a great concern that the United States formed an Anti-Doping Agency.，Athletes face enormous pressure to excel in competition. they also know that winning can reap them more than a gold

medal. A star athlete can earn a lot of money and a lot of fame, and athletes only have a short time to do their best work. Athletes know that training is the best path to victory, but they also get the message that some drugs and other practices can boost their efforts and give them a shortcut, even as they risk their health and their athletic careers.

As far back as ancient Greece, athletes have often been willing to take any preparation that would improve their performance. But it appears that drug use increased in the 1960s. One well-publicized incident happened at the Seoul Olympics in 1988 when sprinter Ben Johnson tested positive for anabolic steroids and was stripped of his gold medal.

Athletes may also misuse drugs to relax, cope with stress or boost their own confidence. Athletes may have several reasons for using performance-enhancing drugs. An athlete may want to:

Build mass and strength of muscles and/or bones

●Increase del ivery of oxygen to exercising tissues ?Mask pain

●Stimulate thebody

●Relax

●Hide use of other drugs

Many of the drugs used for the above-mentioned purposes are banned outright in Olympic competitions. However,sometimes inadvertent doping occurs when an athlete uses a medication to treat an illness, without realizing that it contains a

banned substance, and consequently returns a positive drug test result. In this situation, even though the athlete may not be taking drugs to enhance performance, they may return a positive drug test result because the medication contains a banned substance. In many cases the illness can be treated with an alternative medication that does not contain a banned

substance.

Although there is little statistical evidence on how widespread doping is, athletes and coaches stress that most competitors do not take drugs. Nonetheless, drug testing is becoming an increasingly integral part of sports competitions. As new performance-enhancing drugs are developed, new tests are developed to detect these drugs, and the struggle to keep sports clean continues indefinitely.

古代奥运会

人走很远的路去奥林匹亚的节日。这是古希腊的一个宗教节日。在电影节上有体育赛事中最好的运动员来自世界各地的希腊。初的节日所有的运动员宣誓。面前的誓言都是奥运会的组织者,在建筑称为Bouleuterion。在那栋大楼有一个大型的希腊诸神之王宙斯雕像。运动员宣誓,他们在训练了十个月。

这个节日持续了五天。在第一天有男孩参加的事件。第二天马和马车开始比赛。女性被允许自己的马团队。因此,尽管他们有时在奥运会上不允许他们在这些事件赢家!在第二天的下午类似于现代五项,有5个独立的事件。在古代奥运会这是铁饼、标枪、跑步、跳跃和摔跤,取而代之的是跨栏的现代五项全能运动。

奥运会是一个宗教节日的一部分。第三天,有一个重要的仪式。牛是牺牲和部分燃烧的大坛剩下的肉人群中共享。每一个成千上万的观众有一些吃的。第三天有跑步比赛。简短的短跑是最古老的奥林匹克事件。事实上,它是唯一的在第一届奥运会,在公元前776年。

四天有拳击,摔跤和事件称为pankration。这是一种应对几乎没有任何规则。还有一个跑步比赛的运动员穿着士兵的盔甲和盾牌。在许多事件

古代奥运会是做一个成功的士兵。

在五天的事件都在和奖品。像现代奥运会没有局部激素奖品。获奖者均拥有而不是皇冠由橄榄枝。这些都是特殊的橄榄枝,从

宙斯的神庙附近神圣的橄榄树。最后的第五天节日结束。有庆祝活动和宴会!

为什么一些运动员使用药物

每四年在奥运会开始,我们听说运动员使用兴奋剂或至少被测试。有时,竞争对手提高问题当一个运动员特别好。其他时候,用药物测试抓运动员在他们的系统。

使用人造物质或方法的实践来增强运动表现称为掺杂。掺杂了

成为这样一个伟大的关注,美国成立了一个反兴奋剂机构。,

运动员excel在竞争中面临着巨大的压力。他们也知道,胜利可以收获一个多金

奖牌。一个明星运动员可以赚很多钱和名声,和运动员只有很短的时间内做他们最好的工作。运动员知道训练是最好的胜利之路,但他们也得到了消息,一些药物和其他实践可以提高他们的努力和给他们一个快捷方式,即使他们风险他们的健康和他们的运动生涯。

早在古希腊,运动员往往愿意接受任何准备,改善他们的表现。但似乎在1960年代毒品使用增加。一个众所周知的事件发生在1988年的汉城奥运会短跑运动员本·约翰逊合成代谢类固醇阳性,

而被剥夺了金牌。

运动员也可能滥用药物来放松,应对压力或提高自己的信心。

使用兴奋剂的运动员可能有几个原因。一个运动员可能会想:

构建质量和肌肉和/或骨骼强度

增加氧气的传递运动组织?掩盖疼痛

刺激身体

放松

隐藏其他药物的使用

许多药物用于上述目的是被禁止在奥运比赛。然而,有时候无意的掺杂时运动员使用药物来治

疗疾病,而没有意识到它包含一个

禁止物质,因此返回一个积极的药物试验结果。在这种情况下,即使运动员不得服用药物来提高成绩,他们可能会返回一个积极的药物测试的结果,因为药物含有违禁物质。在许多情况下,疾病可以用另一种药物,不包含禁止物质。

虽然没有统计证据如何广泛的兴奋剂,运动员和教练强调大多数竞争对手不服用药物。然而,药物测试越来越体育竞赛的有效组成部分。随着新的兴奋剂的发展,开发新的测试来检测这些药物,保持体育干净的斗争仍在继续下去。

英语语法的五种基本句型

教学目标： 1.让学生掌握英语学习中的五种基本句型； 2.学会分辨句子属于哪种句型； 3.懂得使用不同的句型造句； 教学重点与难点： 1.五种句型的分析与理解； 2.句型4（主+动+宾+补）与句型5（主+动+宾+宾）的掌握与比较； 教学方法： 1.ppt演示； 课堂练习： 一、下列的句子属于哪种类型 1. The sun rises 2. She is walking along the lake. 3. I like this book very much. 4. That man seems kind 5. He bought his sister a piano. 6. She kept us waiting for over three hours. 7. Let me give you a hand. 8. We tried to make her happy. 二、请说出五个句子，并说出属于哪种句型 家庭作业： 1.每个句型各举出3个句子 2.翻译句子

导入主题：我们现在能用英语写简单的作文，也可以用英语进行简单的交流与沟通，可是大家知道英语中有多少种基本句型吗？那这些句型分别是什么？ （让学生自由思考、讨论，引出今天的课题，英语学习中的五种基本句型）1.Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London. 2. Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others. 3. Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet. 4. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如: We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor. 5. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词 有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell, write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua？ 【注】S=Subject(主语). V=Verb(谓语动词). P=Predicative(表语). O=Object(宾语).

Unit2 The Olympic Games公开课教案

Unit2 The Olympic Games Period 1 Warming up I. Teaching aims and demands 1. Learn and master the new words and expressions in this period. 2. Train the reading and speaking ability. 3. Train the ability to use the Internet to search for some useful information. II. Teaching important and difficult points Train the reading ability—skimming and scanning. Step1 Warming up 【知识链接】 你对奥运会了解吗？试着翻译以下词汇 Emblem (会徽) Motto (口号)Torch (火炬)Mascot (吉祥物) Stadium (体育馆)Green Olympics _________ The Olympic flag __________ Test your knowledge with this quiz. 1.How often are the Olympic Games held? A. once every 2 years B. once every 4 years C. once every 3 years 2. What events were there in the ancient Olympic Games? A. Running, jumping, shooting, throwing, wrestling, B. Table tennis, jumping, volleyball, swimming 3. When did the ancient Olympic Games stop? A. 398 AD B. 393AD 4. How many competitors from how many country competed in 1896 Olympic Games? A. There were 311 competitors from 13 countries. B. There were 1131 competitors from 113 countries. 5. When did China first take part in the Olympic Games? A. In 1932 B. In 1940 6. What’s the motto of Beijing Olympic Games? A. welcome to Beijing B. new Beijing, new Olympics C. One world, one dream. 7. How many competitors from how many country take part in the 27th Summer Olympics in Sydney? A.Over 10,000 athletes; 199 countries B. Over 10,000 athletes; 184 countries 8 .How many gold medals did China get in the 2008 Beijing Olympics? A. 50 B. 49 C.51

初中英语语法五种基本句型

五种基本句型 句子就是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成得,依其组合方式可分为五种基本句型,如下表所示： 注意句子成分得表示法Ｓ:Ｓｕbject(主语) V:Verｂ(动词)O: Ｏbjｅct（宾语) P：Ｐrｅdiｃａtive(表语) OＣ: Oｂｊeｃｔplement(宾语补足语) 五种基本句型见下表： 第１种S+V主＋谓 第2种S+V+Ｏ主+谓+宾 第３种Ｓ+V＋P 主+谓+表 第 4 种S+V+o(间接宾语)＋Ｏ（直接宾语） 第 5 种S+Ｖ＋O＋OC 主+谓＋宾+宾补 第 1 种句型:主语+不及物动词:S+Ｖ?Ｂirｄs fly、鸟飞、--－-- －-主语谓语（不及物动词) Ｈｅrｕns in ｔｈe park、她在公园里跑、----－- -－－－---－--－--主语谓语地点状语(不及物动词)? 此句型就是主语＋不及物动词构成句子得主体部分。不及物动词,后面当然不能直接带宾语了，要补上相应得介词,但就是可以有状语来修饰。上例中得iｎｔｈe ｐark,就是地点状语。 Ｃlass begins、(bｅgin 在句中就是不及物动词) 开始上课。 比较ｗe ｂegiｎOｕｒcｌaｓs at eｉｇht、我们八点钟开始上课。该句属于第 2 种句型,bｅgｉn 在句中就是及物动词，由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。 第 2 种句型:主语＋及物动词+宾语:S+V＋O My fatｈｅｒreaｄtｈｅｂooｋ、 我父亲读过那本书、?(及物动词)?注意有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它瞧成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。Ｙou mｕst ｌｉｓten ｔｏmｅ、您必须听我得。(Liｓtｅn 就是不及物动词。但加上ｔo 之后,Ｌistｅn ｔｏ可以瞧成一个及物动词) 后面直接带宾语得动词就是及物动词，名词与名词得相当语(如代词、不定式、动名词……)等都可充当宾语。Ｓｈeｌikｅs Engｌisｈ、（名词作宾语） I knｏｗhim vｅrｙwell、(代词作宾语) (同第一种句型一样,本句型可以有状语、定语修饰）Thｅｙwant ｔo gｏ、(不定式作宾语） Hｅstopｐeｄwｒiting、(动名词作宾语) ?第3 种句型:主语＋系动词+表语:S+Ｖ+P Ｈe ｂｅcａme a ｓｃienｔisｔ、她成为一个科学家了?谓语(系动词) be 动词与ｂee 就是英语中常见得系动词,后面必须接表语,才能用来说明主语,表示“…… 就是……”,“……变成……”等意思。 表语通常就是名词或形容词等。Tｈｅy are honｅst、她们就是诚实得。 Hｅｂecameａsｃiｅntisｔ、她成为了一个科学家。 His face goes reｄ、她得脸变红了。Ｉt grew dark、天变黑了。 注意在英语中,除了bｅ动词与bee 属于系动词外，还有一些实义动词,当表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这些词有:keeｐ、lｏok 、

Unit2 The Olympic Games公开课教案

Unit2 The Olympic Games优质课课教案 Period 2 Reading I. Teaching aims and demands 1.Learn and master the new words and expressions in this period. 2.Train the students’ reading and speaking ability. 3. Train the students’ ability to use the Internet to search for some useful information. 4. Train the students’ ability to cooperate with others. II. Teaching important points Train the students’ reading ability—skimming and scanning. III. Teaching difficult points Describe the disasters. IV. Teaching aids CAI, reading mp3 V. Teaching procedures Step1 Warming up 1. Enjoy a video with a song which is to celebrate that Beijing win the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games to lead in the topic: the Olympic Games. 2. Guessing game: Which number is concerned with the Olympic Games? five rings flag

英语中的五种基本句型.

五种基本句型 句子由主语和谓语两大部分组成。主语结构比较单一，谓语结构则不然，不同类别的谓语动词导致不同的谓语结构，从而形成了不同的句型（Sentence Pattern）。换句话说，不同的句型是由不同类别的谓语动词所决定的，因此，句型又被称为动词句型（Verb Pattern）。语法家们对句型的分类不尽相同，一般认为，现代英语的基本句型主要有五种： 1．“主----系-----表”（SLP）句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词是以be为主的连系动词（Linking Verb），后面跟主语补语（Subject Complement），如： These oranges have kept fresh. 这些桔子一直很新鲜。 Mary is a student / here /in the room. 玛丽是个学生/在这儿/在房间里。 有的语法家把be后面的副词（短语）或介词短语视为状语，从而形成了“主----动-----状”（SVA）这一在五种基本句型之外的句型（见上面最后一个例句）。 2．“主----动”（SV）句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词为不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），谓语部分通常只包括限定动词，即使有状语，也属任意性状语，即：去掉后并不影响句子结构和意义的完整，如：This bread won’t keep (for a long time). 这种面包不好（长期）存放。 Tom has left. 前面说过,有些句子中的状语是不可缺少的，这种状语被称为必具性状语，从而构成“主 ----动----状”(SVA)句型，但这仅限于少数几个动词的某些用法，因而不是一种主要句型，如： They are staying in a hotel. 他们暂住在一家旅馆里。 3．“主----动-----宾”（SVO）句型： 在这种句型中，谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词（Monotransitive Verb），如： He kept the money. 他保存着这些钱。 They have left the hotel. 他们已经离开了那家旅馆。 在这种句型中，状语通常也不是必不可少的，但有少数几个及物动词的某些用法要求必具性状语，从而形成了“主----动-----宾-----状”（SVOA）这一在五种基本句型之外的另一种句型，如： The train leaves London at nine. 这列火车九点钟驶离伦敦。

[1] 英语语法：英语六大基本句型

英文六大基本句型 一、主系表 1、she is from America -------- where is she from ? 2、The teacher is beautiful ------ how is the teahcer? 3、The teacher is my mother --- who is the teacher? How are you ? ---- I am fine 主系表句型结构：主语+系动词（be）+表语。 主语一般由名词（代词）构成; 表语由介词短语、名词、形容词构成。 注意：一系动词be是连接主语和表语的桥梁，写出的句子不能少了be;/二明白主语和表语的词性，随着学习的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词等。 二、主谓宾 1、I love you 2、Farmers grow vegetables. 3、Children plant trees 主谓宾句型的结构：主语+谓语动词（do）+宾语。主语一般由名词（代词）构成;宾语由名词构成 注意一，动词do是连接主语和宾语的桥梁，写出的句子不能少了do二，主语和宾语的词性，随着学习的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词等。 三、主谓 1、Spring comes 2、The accident happened 3、She apologized to me again 4、The teacher listens to the music 主谓句型的结构：主语+谓语动词（do）。这个句子一般没有宾语，因为动词do是不及物动词，不能带宾语。如果非要带宾语，要在不及物动词的后面加介词，比如第3句，第4句的apologize to, listen to.应注意：动词do是不能带宾语的，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等，如果要带宾语，必须加介词，英语中的一些动词词组就是这么来的。词典中vi不及物动词必须加介词才能带宾语..vt及物动词 四、主谓宾补 1、He painted the wall white.他把墙漆成白色。 2、We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。 3、She found the pen on the floor他发现那支笔在地上 主谓宾补句型结构：主语+谓语动词（do）+宾语+补语。相对于主谓宾，这个句子多出了一个补语，这是因为有些话光是主谓宾无法完整表达句子的意思。补语的形式，它可以是形容词，名词，介词短语。

高中英语译林版模块四Unit2 Sports events《Reading(1)：The Olympic Games》公开课教师资格证面试试讲教案

高中英语译林版模块四Unit2 Sports events《Reading(1)：The Olympic Games》优质课公开课教案教师资格证面试试讲教案 1教学目标 Teaching Aims: Check and enhance students’ reading abilities. Train Ss to gain an overall understanding of the article and learn to adopt different reading strategie s. To understand new words, phrases and sentence patterns in the reading passage。 2学情分析 above average 3重点难点 Help Ss know some background knowledge about the history and the development of the Olympic Games about. Help them learn some language items. To help the students master the use of some important language points. Teaching difficult points: how to read a speech how to grasp the new words. 4教学过程 4.1第一学时reading 4.1.1教学活动 活动1【导入】M4U2Reading Teaching procedures: Step 1.lead in Talk about the Olympics: ask some questions. Encourage the students to share their information they have already know and to express their opinions freely.. Step 2.Fast Reading

Unit2TheOlympicGames公开课教案

A Teaching Plan for Module2 Unit2 Olympic Games Reading An Interview Designed by Xu Wenlu No.1 Middle School of Danzhou City Teaching Aims a. To know some basic information about the ancient and modern Olympics b. To catch the key words or phrases in the reading c. To enhance the skills fast-reading and careful-reading Teaching Keys Points a.To bear some new and important words and phrases in minds, such as ancient, take part in, stand for, Greece, magical, volunteer, athlete, slave, host, olive wreath. b.To improve the reading and speaking skills Teaching Difficult Points a.To summarize the similarities and difference between the earlier and latest Olympics through the long dialogues. b.To arouse the students’ interests of English-speaking. Teaching Aids Blackboard, Multi-media, and other normal teaching tools. Teaching Methods Students-centered approach and Task-based teaching and learing. Teaching periods Period 1 Warming up(3’) 1. Enjoy a video which is to celebrate that Beijing win the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games to lead in the topic: the Olympic Games. 2. Guessing game: Which ring is concerned with the Olympic Games? five rings flag five continents The five interlocking rings stand for friendship of five continents.

五种基本句型

句子的成分 一：句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。 下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1): 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～） The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净） Three were absent.（数词作主语） To teach them English is my job. （不定式作主语） 注意 不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型，因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. （真正的主语是to teach them English.） 2）：谓语 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 His Parents are doctors. （系动词作谓语） She looks well.（系动词作谓语） We study hard.（实义动词作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和实义动词作谓语） 3）：表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before.（形容词作表语） I am a teacher.（名词作表语） Everybody is here.（副词作表语） They are at home now.（介词短语作表语） My job is to teach them English.（不定式作表语） 4）：宾语

初中英语语法五种基本句型

五种基本句型 句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的，依其组合方式可分为 五种基本句型，如下表所示： 注意句子成分的表示法S：Subject（主语）V：Verb（动词）O：Object（宾语）P：Predicative（表语）OC：ObjectComplement（宾语补足语） 五种基本句型见下表： 第1种S+V主+谓 第2种S+V+O主+谓+宾 第3种S+V+P主+谓+表 第4种S+V+o(间接宾语)+O(直接宾语) 第5种S+V+O+OC主+谓+宾+宾补 第1种句型：主语+不及物动词：S+V Birdsfly.鸟飞.-------主语谓语(不及 物动词) Herunsinthepark.他在公园里跑 .------------------- 主语谓语地点状 语 (不及物动 词 ) 此句型是主语+不及物动词构成句子的主体部分。不及物动词，后面当然不能直接带宾语了，要补上相应的介词，但是可以有状语来修饰。上例中的inthepark，是地点状语。 Classbegins. （begin 在句中是不及物动词）开始上课。 比较webeginOurclassateight. 我们八点钟开始上课。该句属于 第 2种句型，begi n 在 句中是及物动词，由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。 第2种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语：S+V+O Myfatherreadthebook. 我父亲读过那本书 . (及物动词) 注意有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它看成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。Youmustlistentome. 你必须听我的。（Listen是不及物动词。但加上to之后，Listento可以看成一个及物动词） 后面直接带宾语的动词是及物动词，名词和名词的相当语等都可充当宾语。ShelikesEnglish.（名词作宾语）Iknowhimverywell.（代词作宾语）（同第一种句型一样，（如代词、不定式、动名词??） 本句型可以有状语、定语修饰） Theywanttogo.（不定式作宾语） Hestoppedwriting.（动名词作宾语） 第3种句型：主语+系动词+表语：S+V+P Hebecameascientist.他成为一个科学家了 谓语 (系动词) be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，才能用来说明主语，表示“??是??”，“??变成??”等意思。 表语通常是名词或形容词等。Theyarehonest.他们是诚实的。 Hebecameascientist.他成为了一个科学家。

清华大学《控制工程基础》课件-4

则系统闭环传递函数为 假设得到的闭环传递函数三阶特征多项式可分解为 令对应项系数相等，有 二、高阶系统累试法 对于固有传递函数是高于二阶的高阶系统，PID校正不可能作到全部闭环极点的任意配置。但可以控制部分极点，以达到系统预期的性能指标。 根据相位裕量的定义，有 则有 则 由式可独立地解出比例增益，而后一式包含两个未知参数和，不是唯一解。通常由稳态误差要求，通过开环放大倍数，先确定积分增益，然后计算出微分增益。同时通过数字仿真，反复试探，最后确定、和三个参数。 设单位反馈的受控对象的传递函数为 试设计PID控制器，实现系统剪切频率 ，相角裕量。 解： 由式,得 由式,得 输入引起的系统误差象函数表达式为

令单位加速度输入的稳态误差，利用上式，可得 试探法 采用试探法，首先仅选择比例校正，使系统闭环后满足稳定性指标。然后，在此基础上根据稳态误差要求加入适当参数的积分校正。积分校正的加入往往使系统稳定裕量和快速性下降，此时再加入适当参数的微分校正，保证系统的稳定性和快速性。以上过程通常需要循环试探几次，方能使系统闭环后达到理想的性能指标。 齐格勒－尼柯尔斯法 （Ziegler and Nichols ） 对于受控对象比较复杂、数学模型难以建立的情况，在系统的设计和调试过程中，可以考虑借助实验方法，采用齐格勒－尼柯尔斯法对PID调节器进行设计。用该方法系统实现所谓“四分之一衰减”响应（”quarter-decay”），即设计的调节器使系统闭环阶跃响应相临后一个周期的超调衰减为前一个周期的25%左右。 当开环受控对象阶跃响应没有超调，其响应曲线有如下图的S形状时，采用齐格勒－尼柯尔斯第一法设定PID参数。对单位阶跃响应曲线上斜率最大的拐点作切线，得参数L 和T，则齐格勒－尼柯尔斯法参数设定如下： (a) 比例控制器： (b) 比例－积分控制器： ， (c) 比例－积分－微分控制器： ， 对于低增益时稳定而高增益时不稳定会产生振荡发散的系统，采用齐格勒－尼柯尔斯第二法(即连续振荡法)设定参数。开始只加比例校正，系统先以低增益值工作，然后慢慢增加增益，直到闭环系统输出等幅度振荡为止。这表明受控对象加该增益的比例控制已达稳定性极限，为临界稳定状态，此时测量并记录振荡周期Tu和比例增益值Ku。然后，齐格勒－尼柯尔斯法做参数设定如下： (a) 比例控制器：

初中英语语法五种类基本句型及练习(答案不全)

五中基本句型 一、主语＋不及物动词（Subject＋Intransitive Verb） 例如：They are running. 剖析：在此句中，谓语动词是不及物动词，不必加宾语就可表达一个完整的、明确无误的意思。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词，但状语不算句子的主要成分。 e.g.The students are playing under the tree. 常见的不及物动词有：come, go, listen, wait, climb, move, jump, laugh, sit, stay等。 二、主语＋及物动词＋宾语（Subject＋Transitive Verb＋Object） 例如：We read English every morning. e.g.My sister likes bread. I finished reading the book. 常见的及物动词有：like, finish, enjoy, want, play, make, help, take, read, tell, teach, do等。 三、主语＋连系动词＋表语（Subject＋Link Verb＋Predicative） 例如：They are English teachers. The days get longer. 剖析：此类句型的谓语动词是连系动词，它本身有一定的涵义，但不能独立作谓语，它必须和表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。 e.g.My book is on the desk. The trees turn green in spring.

五种基本句型主谓宾宾结构实用练习加详细解析

五种基本句型——主谓宾宾（宾补）结构 主语＋谓语＋宾语（somebody）＋宾语(something) 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语 这个句型的语后面有两个宾语， 这两个宾语放在一起叫双宾语（直接宾语+直接宾语） 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. 这里“me”和“a book”一人一物做宾语就是双宾语 这两个宾语：前一个宾语称为"间接宾语"，多由代词或名词充当，通常为“人”； 后一个宾语称为"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当，通常为“物”。 这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。 常见的这类谓语动词有： give(给某人……), bring(带给某人……), bring somebody something tell(告诉某人……), tell somebody something send(送给某人……), send somebody something leave(留给某人……), leave somebody something pass(递给某人……), pass somebody something read(给某人读……), read somebody something write(给某人写……), write somebody something take(给某人拿……), take somebody something show(给某人看……), show somebody something teach(教给某人……), teach somebody something get(给某人弄到……), get somebody something lend(借给某人……), lend somebody something buy(给某人买……), buy somebody something pay(支付给某人……), pay somebody something hand(递给某人……) 。hand somebody something 注：上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的，以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中。

公开课Unit 2 The Olympic Games An Interview

高一年级英语导学案 Unit 2 The Olympic Games An Interview 学习目标：扎实掌握本课单词、短语和句型的基本用法。 学习重点： admit, as well, replace、every four years not only…but (also) 学习难点：长难句分析 学法指导: 学会分析与总结的方法，并能学以致用。 环节一：复习听写单词及短语10个。 环节二：朗诵课文并翻译。 环节三：语言点学习 一、课文词汇翻译 1、查明、弄清楚____________ 2、过去常常干某事__________________ 3、两种运动会__________________ 4、定期地__________________ 5、冬奥会______________________ 6、作为……被接受___________________ 7、在……起非常重要的作用__________________ 8、巨大的责任______________ 9、极大的责任__________________________ 10、也;又；还__________________ 二、语言点学习 1.【课文原句】Only athl etes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.(P10) 【观察】 I admit my mistake／that I was wrong．我承认我的错误／我错了。 He admitted having d one wrong。他承认做错了事。 You must admit the task（任务）to be difficult．你得承认这项工作是困难的。 His mother admits him to /into the English club.他母亲准许他进入英语俱乐部。 The stud ent was admitted to/into Beijing University last year. 去年他被北京大学录取了。The rul es in our school admit of no exception.我们学校的规章制度不容许破例。 The hall can admit 100 peopl e．大厅能容纳100人。 【总结】admit sth/that从句_____________ admit d oing／having d one_____________ admit sb./sth. to be +n/adj_____________ admit sb. to/ into sp. _________________ 被动式be admitted (to/into) 被准许进入……be admitted as _____________ admit of _____________ 【即学即练】 （1）、He admitted _____ a lie. A. telling B. to tell C. to telling D. tell （2）、Little Tom admitted (cheat)in the examination, 2、【课文原句】 Both are hel d every four years on a regular basis. 【观察】 He comes to see his parents every three days. He comes to see his parents every third day. 他每三天(每隔两天)来看望父母一次。 There is a tree every five meters．There is a tree every fifth meter． 每l0米(每隔九米)就有一棵树。 “每隔一天” every second day／every two days／every other day。 “每隔几……”为every few days/hours／meters。

Unit2TheOlympicGames练习

考点规范练7(必修2Unit 2) Ⅰ.阅读理解 Polo(马球) is a sport which has been played for centuries throughout Asia and the Middle East.However,it spread slowly across Asia,where it was played by kings and people of high rank.The West was introduced to the sport when the British took political control over India,and they quickly spread the sport around the world.Numerous forms of polo have appeared,including on bicycles,camels,and for the brave of heart,elephants. The origins of the sport appear to lie in Persia,and the game has been played there for at least 2,000 years,as artwork and contemporary writings indicate.The name originates in Pakistan,where it means “ball” in Balti,a language native to that area. There are two teams of three to four people in a game of polo,depending on the size of the field and the style of game being played.Each player has a long,flexible mallet(球棍) which is used to hit a ball.The aim is to drive t he ball through the opposing t eam’s goal.Polo is played in brief periods called chukkas;each chukka lasts seven minutes,and play can be fierce and violent.By tradition,horses are replaced at each chukka,ensuring that they stay fresh and fit. The horses used in the sport are called poloponies,which is a misnomer since ponies are small horses,but they are full-sized horses.In all cases,horses are selected for speed,ability,and obedience(顺从).A good horse is capable of stopping in a very small area,working with other horses and riders,and moving quickly with the flow of play;championship horses can be sold at a good price. 1.We can infer that in ancient Asia,polo was mainly played by . A.artists B.writers C.the upper class D.people living on the plain 2.Where is the probable birthplace of polo? A.India. B.Persia. C.Britain. D.Pakistan. 3.What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about? A.The rules of polo. B.The development of polo. C.The equipment used when playing polo. D.The matters needing attention when playing polo. 4.What does the underl ined word “misnomer” in the last paragraph mean?