unit3答案和翻译

Unit 3 Art for art’s sake

Active reading (1)

Dealing with unfamiliar words

4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.

1 to make up or form something(constitute)

2 happening or done at the same time(simultaneously)

3 able to do something because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed(qualified)

4 a regular pattern of sounds in music that you can show by moving, hitting your hands together, or hitting a drum or

other surface(rhythm)

5 to receive or obtain something from something else(derive)

6 someone who writes music, especially classical music(composer)

7 as much as is needed(sufficiently)

5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.

Johann Sebastian Bach is possibly the greatest (1) composer the w orld has ever known. His Well-Tempered Clavichord (2) constitutes one of the most complete works for keyboard e ver written. It is (3) simultaneously both a series of technical exercises which explore the possibilities of the keyboard, and a masterpiece of expressive feeling. Although he was a highly (4) qualifed musician (as an organist and a choirmaster), he was not considered to be (5) suffciently “modern” by the generation which followed him, and he was soon forgotten. But his music was redisco vered in the 19th century, for its perfect sense of (6) rhythm and harmony. Indeed, many of the great composers of the 20th century, such as Stravinsky, (7) derived a lot of their musical ideas from him.

6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You may need to make other changes.

1 Shh! They’re about to announce the winner of this year’s International Piano Competition.(proclaim)

2 It’s quite easy to make a comparison between poetry and music.(analogy)

It’s quite easy to make an analogy between poetry and music.

3 We are amazed by her ability to express herself with great clearness and simplicity.(clarity)

4 How many artists have given up everything for the cause of their art?(for the sake of)

5 Internet emerges as a powerful and effective force in advertising new products.(potent)

6 I enjoyed the performance, but I thought the clothes the actors were wearing were a bit silly.(costumes)

7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 If you split something up, do you (a) divide it into parts, or (b) put the parts together?

2 If you do something absent-mindedly, are you (a) thinking about what you are doing, or (b) thinking

about something else?

3 Do you look for consolation (a) after a piece of bad news, or (b) after a piece of good news?

4 If you are treading on controversial ground, are you (a) taking a risk, or (b) making everybody happy?

5 If you shy away from something, do you (a) keep close to it, or (b) keep your distance from it?

6 If you pin some thing down, are you (a) able to e xa mine it c arefully, or (b) unable to exa mine it

carefully?

7 If you know the melody of a piece of music, are you familiar with (a) the tune, or (b) the meaning of the

music?

8 Is an instinctive reaction to something (a) automatic, or (b) one which follows a lot of thought?

Reading and interpreting

8 Work in pairs and choose the best answer to the questions.

1 Which is the writer’s main purpose?

(a) To show how complex listening to music is.

(b) To get people to listen to music more.

(c) To discourage some people from listening to music.

(d) To get people to think about how they listen to music.

2 Who does the writer address as you?

(a) Musicians.

(b) Theatregoers.

(c) Composers.

(d) Intelligent music lovers.

Active reading (2)

Reading and understanding

3 Answer the questions.

1 What type of painting is Girl with a Pearl Earring?

It’s a world-famous portrait painted by Vermeer around 1665.

2 Who was the model for the painting?

Griet, a young girl who is thought to work in Vermeer’s house

3 How much of the novel is based on fact?

The setting and some of the main ideas are factual but the details of the story are speculation and fction.

4 What was the relationship between Griet and Vermeer?

Griet was a maid in Vermeer household and she became his model. Vermeer thought she had some

artistic talent.

5 Why did Griet leave the Vermeer household?

Vermeer’s daughter and wife found out that Griet was modeling for Vermeer. Griet got embarrass ed when the wife stormed into the studio, so she left.

6 What differences are there between the book and the film?

According to the film, the earrings are finally delivered to Griet and the audience is left wondering if she marries Pieter. The novel does not talk about it.

4 Match the events with their sources.

1 Griet gets a job with the Vermeer family.

(b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier

2 Vermeer makes a hole in Griet’s ear.

(c) in the film version of the novel

3 Vermeer marries a Catholic girl called Catharina.

(a) known fact

4 Catharina is jealous of Griet.

(b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier

5 Vermeer becomes a Catholic.

(a) known fact

6 Van Ruijven wants to be painted with Griet.

(b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier

7 Vermeer grows up in Delft.

(a) known fact

8 Somebody sends the earrings to Griet after Vermeer’s death.

(c) in the flm version of the novel

9 Griet becomes Vermeer’s assistant.

(b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier

10 Griet is embarrassed when Vermeer sees her hair.

(b) in the novel by Tracy Chevalier

Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their defnitions.

1 someone who looks at a picture, photograph, or piece of art(viewer)

2 a painting, drawing or photograph of someone, especially of their face only(portrait)

3 relating to people’s homes and family life(domestic)

4 the inside part of something, especially a building or vehicle(interior)

5 as a result(consequently)

6 to start to employ someone or use their services(engage)

7 to officially ask for a piece of work to be done for you(commission)

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.

In the beginning it was only the rich and famous who ha d their (1) portraits painted. But from the Renaissance onwards things changed. Firstly, the growing importance of the middle classes led many ordinary people to (2) c ommission paintings, ofte n of members of their family. Se condly, a rtists became interested in showing scenes of

(3) domestic life, set in the (4) interiors of ordinary houses, and (5) consequently they began to (6) engage

ordinary people, such as servant girls, as models. Part of the mystery for (7) viewers today concerns the identity of these models, in masterpieces such as Leonardo’s Mona Lisa and Ver meer’s Girl with a Pearl Earring.

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.

1 He changed his religion from Protestantism and became a Catholic.(converted)

2 One of the assistant’s jobs was to break into a powder the paints.(grind)

3 The newspaper started to change the fact so that it was no longer true ever since it existed, and the local

government was definitely one of the victims.(distort)

4 You don’t have to make a hole in your ears to be able to wear these earrings.(pierce)

5 The lives of artists have often been linked to shocking events and situations.(scandals)

6 One of the most striking aspects of the painting is the turban she is wearing on her head.(features)

7 I’ll finish the painting thi s evening, so from now until then you can have a break.(in the meantime)

8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1 Are exotic clothes likely to be (a) ordinary, or (b) unusual?

2 Is a sitter someone who (a) is being painted, or (b) spends a lot of time sitting down?

3 Is a c onv entional sense of beauty one which is (a) shared a nd understood by most pe ople, or

(b) different from what is shared and understood by most people?

4 Is an enigmatic expression one which is full of (a) good humour, or (b) mystery?

5 If you have a volatile personality, do you get angry (a) quickly, or (b) only when you can’t tolerate?

6 If you are wary of something, are you (a) excited about it, or (b) careful and nervous about it?

7 If you show something explicitly, do you (a) make its meaning very clear so there is no doubt about it,

or (b) leave its meaning unclear?

8 If a woman tries to keep her modesty, does she (a) cover her hair and body to avoid any sexual feeling

in man, or (b) talk and act with good grace?

9 Is jealousy the feeling you get when you think someone you love (a) is attracted to somebody else, or (b) doesn’t love you any more?

Language in use

word formation: compound nouns

1 Form compound nouns to indicate:

1 a writer of songs(songwriter)

2 a director of films(flm director)

3 a scarf you wear around your head(headscarf)

4 a pack you carry on your back(backpack)

5 a stick you use to make your lips red(lipstick)

6 a lace you use to tie up your shoe(shoelace)

7 polish that you put on your nails(nail polish)

might have been / done

2 Rewrite the sentences using might have been/ done.

1 It’s possible that the artist and the model became lovers.

The artist and the model might have been lovers.

2 It’s possible that Catharina was never jealous of the model.

Catharina might never have been jealous of the model.

3 It’s possible that the model became Vermeer’s assistant.

The model might have become Vermeer’s assistant.

4 It’s possible that Vermeer painted other masterpieces which have sinc e been lost.

Vermeer might have painted other masterpieces which have since been lost.

5 It’s possible that Vermeer died in poverty.

Vermeer might have died in poverty.

may be due to the fact that …

3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas using may be due to the fact that …

1 The young pianist’s musical genius may be due to the fact that his mother played the piano a lot while

she was pregnant, so he has always heard music from day one.

2 The late arrival of the train may be due to the fact that there were severe storms last night.

3 The misunderstanding may be due to the fact that she speaks very little Chinese and I don’t speak much

Spanish.

4 The book’s enormous popularity may be due to the fact that it has been aggressively marketed on TV

and it was discussed in several prime time TV shows.

5 His dislike of music may be due to the fact that he was exposed to loud rock music for many hours a

day when he was quite small.

insist that …

4 Rewrite the sentences using insist that …

1 I met an old friend who refused to let me go before I had a drink with him.

I met an old friend, who insisted that I have a drink with him before he let me go.

2 The customs people refused to let me through unless I signed a document they gave me.

The customs people insisted that I sign a document they gave me before they let me through.

3 We refused to let him start the concert before having an hour’s rest.

We insisted that he have an hour’s rest before he started the concert.

4 They refused to publish the book until he changed some of the things he had written.

They insisted that he change some of the things he’d written before they published the book.

5 She refused to let me see the painting until I apologized for what I had done.

She insisted that I apologize for what I had done before she let me see the painting.

5 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.

1 appeal This word means the quality that something has that makes people like it or want it.

(a) If a radio station wants to widen its appeal, what does it need to do?

It needs to appeal to a wider audience by having more popular programmes.

(b) Are games and sports that have a popular appeal liked by many people or a few people?

They are liked by many people.

(c) When an organization makes an appeal for money, what does it do?

It asks people to give money, probably for a charity.

(d) How would the police launch an appeal to the public for information?

They would have a special event like a TV broadcast in which they ask the public to come forward

with any relevant information.

2 qualified This word can mean thoroughly trained for a particular job.

(a) If you are a highly qualified doctor, what do you have?

You have lots of medical qualifications.

(b) If a job advertisement asks for fully qualified engineers, what does it expect?

It expects people with degrees in engineering and work experiences to apply.

(c) If someone is well qualified to give an opinion, who are they?

They are expert on the topic for which they are asked to give an opinion.

3 engage This word can mean to start to employ someone or use their services.

(a) If you get engaged to someone, what are you planning to do?

You are planning to get married with the person.

(b) If government forces have engaged with rebels, what is happening?

The government forces are fighting the rebels.

(c) If you engage someone in conversation, what do you do?

You talk to them and try to interest them in a conversation.

4 convert This word can mean to change from one system, use, or method to another.

(a) Where can you convert pounds into dollars?

You can exchange the money in banks, at the airport, according to the current exchange rate. You

should be sure to check the exchange rate because it can change from day to day.

(b) What useful piece of furniture do some sofas convert into?

They convert into beds so that people can use them for overnight guests.

(c) What would a farmer have to do to convert to organic food production methods?

They would have to stop using artificial methods of food production and start to use more natural

ones.

5 grind When you grind something, you break it into small pieces or powder, by using a machine or by crushing it between two hard surfaces.

(a) What happens to coffee, spices or pepper when you grind it?

The beans or seeds become powder.

(b) Did you know that 20 per cent of people grind their teeth at night?

No, the number of the proportion sounds horrible.

(c) If the traffic grinds to a halt, does it stop suddenly or slowly?

It stops slowly and will probably become a traffic jam unless it gets moving agin quickly.

6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1 Listen, if you can, to the 48 fugue themes of Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavichord. Listen to each theme,

one after another. You will soon realize that each theme mirrors a different world of feeling. You will also soon realize that the more beautiful a theme seems to you the harder it is to find any word that will describe it to your complete satisfaction. Yes, you will certainly know whether it is a gay theme or a sad one. You will be able, in other words, in your own mind, to draw a frame of emotional feeling around your theme. Now study the sad one a little closer. Try to pin down the exact quality of its sadness. Is it

pessimistically sad or resignedly sad; is it fatefully sad or smilingly sad?

可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。依次地、一个个地听听其中

的每一个主题，你很快就会意识到每个主题都反映了一个不同的情感世界，你很快也会意识到你越

觉得某个主题美妙，就越难找到令你完全满意的字眼来描述它。是的，你当然知道那个主题是欢快

的还是悲伤的。换句话说，你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主题的情感框架。那么就更仔细地听一下这

个悲伤的主题吧，要明确悲伤的性质。是悲观厌世的悲伤，还是无可奈何的悲伤？是时运不济的悲

伤，还是强颜欢笑的悲伤？

2 We know le ss about the Girl with the Pearl Earring than any of Vermeer’s works.Inde ed, the

unexplainable lack of background information may even contribute to the worldwide popularity the

painting enjoys.

With so much mystery, the painting has been the theme of frst, a novel and later, a flm, both of which

attempt to answer some of the questions about the painting, as well as one, which is immediately more

appropriate to the medium of the novel or the flm: Are her wide eyes and enigmatic half-smile innocent

or seductive?

我们对《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的了解比对维梅尔的其他作品都少。实际上，这种无法解释的背景资

料的缺失甚至会使得该画更加广受欢迎。

正因为如此神秘，这幅画先是成了一部小说的主题，而后又被一部电影所采纳。它们都试图揭开有

关这幅画的一些答案，其中一个是：女孩那双睁得大大的眼睛，以及那一丝神秘的微笑，到底是天

真还是诱惑？像小说或电影这类媒介更适合作出回答。

7 Translate the paragraphs into English.

1 随着婚礼的临近，苏珊变得非常焦虑。她说不清楚是什么让自己如此烦恼。在同好友凯特长谈了一

次后，她才意识到，尽管自己已经28岁了，但在情感方面还不够成熟，还没有为婚姻做好准备，也

不知道这桩婚姻是否会给自己带来美满的家庭生活。(pin down; guarantee)

As the wedding ceremony was approaching, Susan had become quite anxious. She could not pin down

what exactly was troubling her. After a long talk with her close friend Kate, she realized that, although

she was 28 years old, she was not emotionally mature enough to be ready for marriage and she was not

sure whether the marriage would guarantee her a happy family life.

2 她知道中国学生总是不愿意表达自己的情感和想法，这不仅仅因为他们对自己的英语口语不够自

信，还因为他们相信稳重是一种美德。因此她特意设计了一些简单的话题，鼓励学生参与讨论，让

他们增强自信心，拉近彼此间的距离。(shy away; engage sb in)

She knew that Chinese students had a way of shying away from revealing their feelings or opinions, due not merely to their lack of confidence in spoken English, but to their belief in the virtue of modesty. So she specially conceived

a couple of simple topics and encouraged them in the discussion, in order that they might become more confident

and closer with each other.

Translation of the passages

Active reading (1)

我们是怎样听音乐的

我们都按照各自不同的能力来听音乐。但为了便于分析，如果把听的整个过程分成几个组成部分，那么这个过程会更清晰一些。从某种意义上来说，我们听音乐有三个不同的层次。由于缺乏更好的术

语，我们姑且把它们命名为：（1）感官层次；（2）表现层次；（3）纯音乐层次。把听的过程机械地分

割为以上三个假想的层次，唯一好处是让我们更清楚地了解自己是怎样听音乐的。

听音乐最简单的方式是为了去获取乐声带来的纯粹的愉悦感，这是音乐的感官层次。在这个层次上，我们只是听音乐，不做任何思考。我们打开收音机，一边做着其他的事情，一边心不在焉地沉浸

在音乐中。乐声本身的魅力带我们进入一种无需思考的美妙心境。

令人意外的是，许多自认为是合格的音乐爱好者在听音乐时过多地使用了这一层次。他们去听音

乐会是为了忘却自我。他们把音乐当成一种慰藉，一种逃避，由此他们进入了一个可以忘却日常生活

的理想世界。当然，他们也没有在思考音乐。音乐允许他们离开现实，到另一个地方去做梦，因为音

乐而做梦，做有关音乐的梦，却从没有真正欣赏过音乐。

的确，乐声的魅力是一种强大而原始的力量，但是你不该让它占据你过多的兴趣空间。感官层次

是音乐的一个重要层次，非常重要，但并不是音乐的全部。

音乐存在的第二个层次就是我所说的表现层次。一提到这个问题，我们马上就进入到一个颇具争

议的领域。作曲家总是设法避开有关音乐表现方面的讨论。斯特拉温斯基不是曾经声称他的音乐是一

个“物体”，是一件有自我生命的“东西”，除了纯音乐性的存在之外没有任何别的含意吗？斯特拉温

斯基这种不妥协的态度可能源于这样的一个事实：有那么多的人尝试着从众多的音乐作品中读出完全

不同的含意。确实，要准确地说出一件音乐作品的含意已经很难了，要肯定并确定地说出来，还要使

每个人对你的解释都感到满意，是难上加难。但我们不该因此走到另一个极端，不能去剥夺音乐“表

现”的权利。

可能的话，你不妨听听巴赫的《平均律钢琴曲集》中的48个赋格主题。依次地、一个个地听听

其中的每一个主题，你很快就会意识到每个主题都反映了一个不同的情感世界，你很快也会意识到你

越觉得某个主题美妙，就越难找到令你完全满意的字眼来描述它。是的，你当然知道那个主题是欢快

的还是悲伤的。换句话说，你能够在脑海中勾勒出那个主题的情感框架。那么就更仔细地听一下这个

悲伤的主题吧，要明确悲伤的性质。是悲观厌世的悲伤，还是无可奈何的悲伤？是时运不济的悲伤，

还是强颜欢笑的悲伤？

假设你很幸运，能用许多词句充分表达你对选中主题的确切理解。但这仍然无法保证其他人对你

的理解都感到满意，他们也完全没有必要感到满意。重要的是，每个人能亲自感受某个主题的表现力，

或以同样的方式去感受一件完整的音乐作品独特的表现力。如果是一件伟大的音乐作品，就别指望每

次去听它都能给你带来相同的感受。

音乐存在的第三个层次是纯音乐层次。除了令人愉悦的乐声及其所表现的情感之外，音乐也因其

音符本身以及对音符的处理而存在。多数听众都没有充分认识到音乐的这第三个层次。

对我们所有人来说，更加充分地认识这个纯音乐层次非常重要。毕竟乐曲使用的是实实在在的音

乐材料。聪明的听众一定要做好准备，随时提升自己对音乐材料的及这些材料的使用的理解。他必须

要更加有意识地倾听音乐的旋律、节奏、和弦及音色。但最重要的是，为了能够跟上作曲家的思路，他还必须了解一些音乐形式方面的知识。去听所有这些成分就是在纯音乐层次上欣赏音乐。

让我重复一遍，我仅仅是为了讲解得更清楚才把听音乐的三个层次机械地分割开来的。事实上，

我们从来都不会只在其中的一个层次上听音乐。我们其实是把它们联系起来，同时在三个层次上听音

乐。这并不需要付出多少脑力，因为我们是凭本能这么做的。

也许，用去剧院看戏来作类比，能使这种本能的联系更加明白易懂。在剧院里，你能注意到男女

演员、服装和布景、声音和动作。这些东西组合在一起，会让我们觉得剧院是一个令人愉悦的地方，

它们构成了我们欣赏戏剧的感官层次。

戏剧的表现层次来自于你看舞台表演时获得的感受。它激起你的怜悯、兴奋或是愉悦。正是这种

笼统的感觉，除了听台词所感受到的，主要是存在于舞台上的某种情感的东西，与音乐的表现性相类似。

剧情以及剧情的发展相当于我们所说的纯音乐层次。剧作家塑造和发展戏剧人物的方式，和作曲

家创造和发展主题的方式是一样的。你能否成为一个聪明的听者，取决于你对剧作家或音乐家处理艺

术材料的手段了解有多深。

显然，看戏的人从来就不会单独注意到这其中的一个元素。他是同时注意到了一切。听音乐的道

理也是一样的，我们同时地、不假思索地在三个层次上倾听音乐。

Active reading (2)

《戴珍珠耳环的少女》之谜

《戴珍珠耳环的少女》是荷兰画家约翰尼斯·维梅尔最伟大的作品之一，也是

世界上最受欢迎的

画作之一。画里有一位引人注目的年轻女子，身穿异国服饰，戴着头巾，她侧身回眸，望着欣赏画作

的观众。画面的背景一片漆黑，我们的视线被吸引到女子所佩戴的珍珠耳环上，那耳环也是整幅画的

焦点。这幅画在被世人研究了一个多世纪后，仍然留存着一些饶有趣味的问题待人们解答。那位年轻

女子是谁？这幅画到底是一幅真人肖像画，还是一幅表现女人普遍特征的模特画？她有多大年纪？那

颗珍珠是真的吗？她戴的头巾有什么特殊含义吗？她回眸看着我们的时候到底在想些什么？

总的来说，有关维梅尔的记载很少。我们知道他出生于1632年，一辈子都

住在代尔夫特，于

1675年逝世。我们知道他的画作包括宗教及神话题材的画，室内家居画以及风景画。他好像从来没

富有过，可能是因为作品相对较少的缘故。他的其他名画包括《在窗前读信的女孩》和《拿着水罐的

女人》。

我们还知道，虽然他来自于一个新教家庭，却娶了一位信仰天主教的女孩凯

瑟琳娜，凯瑟琳娜坚

持要他改信天主教，然后才肯跟他结婚，婚后他们育有14个孩子。

《戴珍珠耳环的少女》这幅画似乎不是被当作肖像画来画的，而是一幅表现人

物表情、面部特征，

以及其他一些特点的习作。的确，少女的那张脸在传统意义上或许算不上漂亮。

如果是一幅肖像画，

画家会花更多的力气来表现被画者的美貌，即便那么做会有些背离事实！这种肖像画当时在荷兰很流

行，而且可能也更容易出售。然而，我们并不知道这幅画在维梅尔生前是否卖出去过。我们甚至不清

楚它是不是维梅尔的资助人范·鲁文的委托之作。如果是的话，画中的模特有可能是维梅尔的一个

年龄相仿的女儿。我们对《戴珍珠耳环的少女》的了解比对维梅尔的其他作品都少。实际上，这种无

法解释的背景资料的缺失甚至会使得该画更受欢迎。

正是因为如此神秘，这幅画先是成了一部小说的主题，而后又被一部电影所

采纳。它们都试图揭

开有关这幅画的一些答案，其中一个是：女孩那双睁得大大的眼睛，以及那一丝神秘的微笑，到底是

天真还是诱惑？像小说或电影这类媒介更适合作出回答。

崔西·雪佛兰于1999年出版的小说向我们讲述了一位16岁的荷兰女孩格里特的故事。她必须去

工作来养活家人，于是成了维梅尔家的一名女仆，和维梅尔的五个孩子、一位老佣人以及他喜怒无常

的妻子凯瑟琳娜生活在一起。在他家干活的时候，格里特不仅被一个屠夫的儿子皮特看上了，也引起

了画家本人的注意。尽管他们有着不同的背景，隶属于不同的阶级，但维梅尔还是邀她进画室，并让

她走入自己的世界。

起初，格里特只是帮维梅尔跑跑腿，干些杂活。可渐渐地，他们的关系发生了变化。

维梅尔发现

了格里特的视觉才能和艺术潜质，开始让她做画室助手。格里特清楚自己在维梅尔家的地位，一直谨

小慎微，但她还是对画家鼓励她学习绘画技巧而感到高兴。她的工作是帮维梅尔磨颜料、调颜色，有

模特生病的时候，她担当模特之职。凯瑟琳娜很久之前就被禁止进入画室了，所以格里特的学徒生涯

是在秘密中进行的。格里特和维梅尔的关系日见亲密，虽然他们之间的感情从未被挑明过。

可是，维梅尔的那位有钱的资助人范·鲁文喜欢上了格里特，他坚持要维梅尔在他定的下一幅画

里为他和格里特画张双人像。格里特和维梅尔都不情愿，因为格里特本人很矜持庄重，还因为范·鲁

文最近和一位年轻女子一起画像时传出了绯闻。最终，维梅尔作了一点妥协，他答应为格里特画一幅

单人像，并让她戴上凯瑟琳娜的珍珠耳环。作画的时候，维梅尔看着格里特的头发，那一头秀发让她

少了几分矜持庄重，格里特为此感到十分难堪，跑到彼得那里寻求安慰。

一天，维梅尔的女儿发现格里特在给他父亲当模特，就把这事告诉了她妈妈。凯瑟琳娜顿生醋意，

冲进画室，要求看那幅画。维梅尔则指责凯瑟琳娜不懂艺术，此时的格里物处境很尴尬，她决定离开

维梅尔家。

我们知道，十年后格里特嫁给了彼得，还为他生了孩子。同时，维梅尔也去世了。

他在遗嘱里把

珍珠耳环留给了格里特。在与彼得结婚时，格里特把珍珠耳环卖了，为了偿还彼得家的肉铺欠维梅尔

的债。

崔西·雪佛兰的才华在于她把几个世纪前一位生活在小城市的年轻女子的故事栩栩如生地展现了

在现代读者的眼前；最重要的是，她对于那幅画所引发的某些问题给出了自己的思考。

这本小说很畅销，所以在2003年被改编成同名电影。维梅尔由科林·弗思扮演，格里特由斯嘉

丽·约翰松扮演。电影在描述维梅尔为格里特穿耳洞，为了让她戴上他妻子的珍珠耳环，然后来画

那位资助人要的画时，非常到位地表现出他俩之间的紧张状态。电影的结尾是小说里没有的，那副珍

珠耳环被神秘地送到了格里特的手中，至于她是否会嫁给彼得，电影留下了悬念。

这幅画现在收藏于荷兰海牙的莫瑞泰斯皇家美术馆。正是因为它像现馆藏于巴黎的列奥纳

多·达·芬奇的画作一样，画了一位面带神秘微笑的女人，那微笑蕴藏着多层意义和疑问，它被誉

为北方的《蒙娜丽莎》。仅仅一幅画就催生了一部备受推崇的小说，以及一部制作精良的影片，这说

明了《戴珍珠耳环的少女》之谜的巨大魅力。

Reading across cultures

西方艺术史上最好的五幅画作

史上最伟大的画作有哪些？每个人都有他自己最喜爱的作品，但要从数不胜数的西

方艺术精品中

选出几幅最好的，可能是一件费力不讨好的事情。不过，下面这五幅画可能在任何人的选单上都会高

居榜首。

其中最有名的、一眼就能认出来的可能就会是列奥纳多的《蒙娜丽莎》，现藏于巴

黎的卢浮宫。

你看着这幅画越久，它就变得越神秘。这位目光始终追随着我们的画中人到底是谁？正如一位著名评

论家所说的，她看上去比她座着的石头还要古老。

《宫女》是迪戈·贝拉斯克斯1656年绘制的作品，它悬挂在马德里普拉多美术馆中。

它是西方绘

画史上被分析得最多的画作之一。这幅画像一张快照，展示了西班牙腓力四世皇宫里的一间大屋子，

还有屋里的许多宫廷人物：有国王的女儿玛格丽塔，簇拥着她的一群宫女，一名护卫，两个侏儒和一

条狗。后面是贝拉斯克斯本人，他正在画另一个作品，他把目光投向了观众。这幅画好像在告诉我们，

艺术和生活不过是一种幻觉。

《星夜》无疑是文森特·凡·高最著名的画作之一。它展现了从法国南部圣雷米普罗旺斯的一家

精神病院的房间里看到的夜空景象，凡·高在一次严重的精神崩溃后住在了那里。这幅画也反映了

他当时所经历的精神混乱。目前在纽约的大都会艺术博物馆里可以看到这幅画。

另一幅著名的现代杰作是挪威艺术家爱华德·蒙克所画的《呐喊》。它展示了血红色的天空下一

位痛苦异常的人。有人认为他并不是在呐喊，而是捂着耳朵，保护自己不受到喊声的伤害，他极力把

自然界令人痛苦的声音挡在耳外。这幅画名声远扬，部分是缘自它从奥斯陆国家艺术馆被盗的次数。

最后但并非最不重要的是毕加索的《阿维农少女》，该画完成于1907年，描绘了妓

院里的五个妓

女。该画被誉为现代艺术史上最有影响力的作品，也是立体主义画派的先锋之作。立体主义画派的特

点是运用许多几何图形和多重视点，它使画里的人物处于多个平面之中，展现出在单一平面中无法看

见的面部特征。该画现藏于纽约现代艺术博物馆。

大英3课后翻译

UNIT 1 Translation 1. We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2. My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point. 3. The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4. Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5. When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. A decade ago,Nancydid what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened/ set up a household device store in her neighborhood. People likeNancymade the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives. But, to run a small business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income,Nancyhad to cut back on her daily expense. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premium for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life. UNIT 2 Translation 1. Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2. Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3. According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4. Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5. Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to theUnited StatesfromCanadaseveral times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. Later he built a small settlement inDresdeninCanadafor escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed. UNIT 3 Translation 1.

综英第六册课后翻译参考答案

综英第六册课后翻译参考答案 Unit 1 1.这项计划为智力迟钝者提供长期的照顾。 The program offers long-term care for the mentally retarded. 2.他有一台又粗笨有庞大的旧电脑，速度慢，使用麻烦。 He’s got a cumbersome, bulky, old computer—it’s slow and complicated to use. 3. 他沿着房间后部慢慢移动，尽量不引起别人注意。 He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room. 4. 安装一个不同的计算机系统将会导致巨大的变化。 It would cause a tremendous upheaval to install a different computer system. 5. 她再次与金牌失之交臂。 The gold medal continues to elude her. 6. 你真是个傻瓜，竟然没抓住这么好的机会。 You’d be a fool not to embrace an opportunity as good as that. 7.她的薪水将猛增10%。 Her salary will go up by a hefty 10%.

8.我草草的留了张纸条给希拉里，塞在门缝底下。 I scrawled a quick note to Hilary and put it under her door. 9.她的办公室视野极佳。 There’s a smashing view from her office. 10 去那儿旅行很愉快，只是旅馆有些脏兮兮的。 The trip out there was swell, but the hotel was a bit crummy. Unit 2 1.这家公司是由几名有事业心的年轻人创立的。 The company was started by a couple of enterprising young men. 2.他是前重量级冠军，预计会轻松地拿下这场拳击赛。 He’s a former heavyweight champion and is expected to win the bout easily. 3.为写此书，投入了许多小时一丝不苟的前期准备。 Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book. 4.她从头到脚穿一身黑。 She was attired from head to foot in black. 5.我节衣缩食整整一年，为的是攒我们去度假的钱。

九年级英语unit3课文翻译

unit3 Could you please tell me where the restroom are ? sectionA 2d 何伟：这就是欢乐时代公园——我们这座城市最大的游乐园。 爱丽丝：就要玩各种游乐项目了，我好兴奋呀！ 何伟：我们先玩那样呢？有太空世界、水世界、动物世界…. 爱丽丝：在我们决定前，麻烦你先告诉我哪儿有洗手间吗？ 何伟：什么？休息室？你想要休息了？我们可还没有开始玩呢！ 爱丽丝：不是的，我不是指休息的地方。我是说…..你知道，一间洗手间或卫生间。 何伟：嗯….那么你是指….卫生间吗？ 爱丽丝：对啦！不好意思，也许中国人说英语不常用restroom 这个词。 何伟：就是的，我们常说toilets 或washroom 。不过，厕所在哪里。 爱丽丝：知道了，我一会儿就好！ 何伟：没问题，你不必赶的。 Section A 3a 欢乐时代公园————总是欢乐时光 [ 爱丽丝和何伟在太空世界] 爱丽丝：我不知道我们接下来该去哪里。 何伟：去玩玩那边那个新项目怎样？

爱丽丝：啊…..看上去挺吓人的。 何伟：勇敢些！我保证会很好玩！如果害怕就喊出来或抓住我的手。 【乘坐后…..】 爱丽丝：你是对的，这真好玩！我起先有些害怕，但喊叫真管用。何伟：瞧：这并不糟糕，对吧？你需要去尝试，否则永远不会知道你能行。 爱丽丝：是这样的，我真高兴自己尝试了这个项目。 何伟：现在你想去水世界吗？ 爱丽丝：当然，但我饿了。你知道哪里有又好吃又快的地方？ 何伟：当然知道！我建议去水世界的水城餐馆他们做得很好吃。 爱丽丝：太好了，我们去吧！ 何伟：[在去水城餐馆的路上，爱丽丝与何伟路过鲍勃叔叔的餐厅] 爱丽丝：你瞧！这间餐厅看上去很有意思。牌子上写着有个摇滚乐队每晚在演奏。 何伟：我们为何不回头过来在这吃晚饭？咱们去问一下乐队演出几点开始。 【爱丽丝和何伟向门口的员工走去】 爱丽丝：劳驾，请问你们乐队今天晚上何时开始演奏？ 何伟：八点。那时人总是很多，所以得来早一点才有桌子。 爱丽丝：好的，谢谢！ Section B 2b 请问，你可以…..吗？

新视野大学英语(第二版)第3册课后翻译原题与答案

新视野大学英语第3册课后翻译原题与答案 Unit 1 1. 无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充分的准备，你都很难再这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。 1. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared for your speech, you will have trouble making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2. 就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关心吉米一样，吉米也关心他们。 2. Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them. 3. 汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。 3. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars so as to help track down stolen vehicles. 4. 老师回来时你敢告诉我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。 4. If you dare tell on me when the teacher comes back, I won’t say a word to you any more. 5. 有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。 5. Some elderly people would rather live on their own while the majority choose to live with their children. 6.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司需要的资金。 6. Here is what needs to be reckoned with: How to collect necessary capital to establish the company. Unit 2 1. 被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪。 1. The defendant, a woman of only 30 , kept persisting in her innocence. 2. 总体看来，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜时最好的铁质来源。 2. All things considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 3. 正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。 3. No drinks are served with dinner because they interfere with digestion. 4. 考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆时明智的。 4. Considering the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5. 服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并尽快咨询医生。 5. If you have a feeling of throwing up after taking this medicine, stop to consult your doctor as soon as possible. 6.总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。6. When summing up the discussion, he said both sides should fully consider the most effective way to solve the problem. Unit 5 1. 直到看见弥留之际躺在床上的母亲，他才意识到自己是多么地爱她。 1. Not until he saw his mother lying in bed dying, did he realize how much he loved her. 2. 考虑到他是最近的身体状况，我认为他这次考试成绩还不错。 2. Considering his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam. 3. 克拉克夫人躺在床上一动不动，一时间我都纳闷她是否还活着。 3. Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, so I wonder briefly if she is still alive. 4. 整栋楼一片黑暗，只有三楼的某个窗户透出一丝光。 4. The whole building was completely dark except a single light from a third-storey window.

综英3课后翻译答案说课讲解

综英3课后翻译答案

综英3课后答案 Unit 1 Fresh start Vocabulary. 1. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. (1) I had just the feeling of a newcomer to college without the strength only an experienced student might possess. (2) My apparent confidence. (3) Some food to appease my hunger. (4) Going with the tide of the majority was no longer crucial to your success. (5) Foolish and glaring mistakes. 2. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form. (1) distress; (2) clutched; (3) pose; (4) sneaked; (5) preoccupation; (6) shackles; (7) curse; (8) deliberation. 3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words. (1) assure; (2) discretion; (3) relaxation; (4) humiliation; (5) strategy; (6) embarrassment; (7) maneuverable; (8) immaturity. 4. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text. (1) lived up to; (2) headed for; (3) seek out; (4) has broken out; (5)grope for; (6) trying …on; (7) go out to; (8) tipped off. 5. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used. (1) vague (indistinct); (2) inconspicuously (unobtrusively); (3) self-restraint (self-control); (4) clever (intelligent,sensible); (5) manner (behavior); (6) excited (agitated); (7) sneak; (8) mature (sophisticated). 6. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. (1) became popular; (2) respect;(3) keep up; (4) lead to; (5)understand; (6) found; (7) use; (8) start Grammer. 1. combine each nominal clause in Column A with … 1~ 4 CDBF 5~8 AEHG 2. Rewrite the following sentences… (1) My decision to resign was wise. (2) Their readiness to accept the peace agreement really surprised the diplomatic world.

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