时态

专题五动词时态

一般现在时态:

1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：

一般情况＋s

以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾＋es

以辅音＋y结尾去y变i＋es

2）一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：

主语肯定式否定式疑问式

第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复

数I am a student.

We/You/ They are

students.

He/ She is a student.

I / We/ You/ They/ like

music.

Many people like

music.

I am not a student.

We/You/ They are not

students.

He/ She is not a student.

I / We/ You/ They/

don’t like music.

Many people don’t like

music.

Are you a student.

Are you/ they

students?

Is he/ she a student?

Do you/ they like

music?

Do many people like

music?

3）一般现在时态的用法：

●表示经常或习惯性的动作或状态。

e.g. We always learn from each other and help each other.

●常见的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, never, every day, in the morning, on weekends,

once a month, on Sunday

●复合句中，当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句时，由if, when, as soon as , until , after ,

before…引导的状语从句用一般现在时态表将来

e.g. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.

练一练

1.--- May I help you, sir?

--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.

A. didn’t work

B. doesn’t work

C. won’t work

D. can’t work

2．______ the bus until it ______..

A. Get off, stops

B. Get off, will stop

C. Don’t get off, stops

D. Don’t get off, will stop 3．The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.

A. takes

B. are taking

C. took

D. will take

现在进行时态：

am/is/are + doing(动词的现在分词)

●构成：

v-ing的构成:

一般情况+ing

以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing +ing

以辅音字母＋y结尾的单词去e+ing

以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字

母时.

双写词尾字母+ing

●常见的时间状语：now, It’s 8 o’clock, 还有在Look! … Listen! …之后的句中。

e.g. Listen! Someone is singing in the next room.

●come, go, leave, arrive, fly…等常与表示将来的时间状语连用，表示即将发生的动作。

e.g. My uncle is leaving for Tianjin this weekend. = My uncle will leave for Tianjin this weekend. 一般将来时态：

●构成：1) will/ shall +do (动词原形)，常与表示将来的时间状语连用）

●2）am/ is/ are going to +do (动原)，表示计划、打算做某事，常指已经决定的、很可

能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。

3）be+doing有时表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。常用这种结构的动词有：go,come,leave,arrive,start,begin等。

e.g. We are leaving for London.

●常见的时间状语：tomorrow, next week(month, year…), in three years(months)

e.g. We will have an English party next weekend.

一般过去时态：

1）一般过去时的构成：

用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：

一般情况+ed

以e字母结尾的辅音+d

以辅音字母＋y结尾去y变i＋ed

重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字

母

双写词尾字母+ed

2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）：

主语肯定式否定式疑问式

第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复

数I was a student.

We/You/ They were

students.

He/ She was a student.

I / We/ You/ They/

liked music.

Many people liked

music.

I was not a student.

We/You/ They were not

students.

He/ She was not a

student.

I / We/ You/ They/

didn’t like music.

Many people didn’t like

music.

Were you a student.

Were you/ they

students?

Was he/ she a student?

Did you/ they like

music?

Did many people like

music?

●构成: 1）be 动词根据主语人称和数的不同分别用was/ were

2) 行为动词用过去式（规则和不规则），无人称和数的变化。疑问句和否定句要用助动词did, didn’t +动词原形

●常见的时间状语：yesterday, two days ago, last year(month, week), a moment ago, just now,

when he was twelve…

e.g. I met her in the supermarket yesterday evening.

现在完成时态：

●构成：

现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和see为例）：

主语肯定式否定式疑问式

第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复

数

I /We/You/ They have

been here before.

He/ She has been here

before.

.I / We/ You/ They/

Many people have seen

the film.

I /We/You/ They

haven’t been here

before.

He/ She hasn’t been

here before .

.I / We/ You/ They/

Many peopl e haven’t

seen the film.

Have you/ they been

here before?

Has he/ she been here

before?

Have you/ they/ many

people seen the film?

●常见的时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, three times, twice, once, so far, till now, up to

now, in the last(past) few year s, these days, since …(自从…起)，for five years

●用法：

1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。

e.g. I’ve finished my homework now. Can I go out, mum? Yes, you can.

2.表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:

I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.

I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.

注：在有for 和since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：

He has died for 3 years.(F)

He has been dead for 3 years.(T)

注意：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning等

②have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）

have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了）

如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)

Where has she been?(句中作指的人在)

Have/ has + done(动词过去分词)

记住：It’s +段时间+since 从句

过去进行时

1）过去进行时的构成：was / were +v-ing

2) 过去进行时的用法：

过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如：

This time last year I was living in Brazil.

What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?

3)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：

at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。

过去完成时态

1）过去完成时态的构成：

肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词

否定式：hadn’t + 动词的过去分词

疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词

简略回答: Yes, 主+ have/has had.

No, 主+ had现在完成时的用法

过去完成时的用法：

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是“过去的过去”常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如：

She said she had seen the film 4 times.

When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading.

By the time they arrived, the bus had left.

2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:

She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.

练一练

1.(08.重庆) ---________ you ________ the film Harry Potter 5?

--- Not yet. I’ll see it this Sunday.

A. Did; see

B. Are; seeing

C. Have; seen

D. Do; see

2. (08.南京)---The teacher told us that the moon _______ around the earth.

A. moved

B. moves

C. was moving

D. had moved

3. (08.福州)---What is your brother going to be when he ______?

---He is going to be a doctor.

A. wakes up

B. grows up

C. stands up

D. hurries up

4. (08.武汉)---Can your father drive?

---Yes, and he usually _______ to school.

A. drove

B. is driving

C. drives

D. has driven

5. (08.贵阳) Miss Li, my music teacher, _______ us singing the song again and again yesterday.

A. keeps

B. kept

C. is keeping

D. keep

6. (08.吉林)---How is the weather tomorrow?

---I don’t know if it _______ tomorrow.

--- Well, if it _______, I won’t go for a picnic with you.

A. will rain, will rain

B. will rain, rains

C. rains, will rain

D. rains, rains

7. (08.南宁) Their parents have ______ in New York for a few months.

A. come

B. arrived

C. been

D. gone

8. (07.重庆)---What a hard life my parents live!

---So do my parents. When I grow up, I_______ to make them live more happily.

A. try

B. tried

C. will try

D. have tried

9. (07.北京)---It’s raining! When did it start?

---I don’t know exactly. In fact, it _______ all this afternoon.

A. lasts

B. has lasted

C. lasted

D. will last

10. (07.太原) Listen! They__________ an English song.

A. are singing

B. sing

C. sang

D. is singing

课后作业

（）1.He often ____his clothes on Sundays.

A. washing

B. washes

C. has washed

D. wash

（）2.I’m Chinese. Where _____from?

A. do you come

B. you are coming

C. you come

D. are you coming

（）3.May_______to school.

A. never walks

B. is never walking

C. walk never

D. never is walking

（）4.We will start as soon as our teacher .

A. comes

B. will come

C. come

D. is coming

（）5.How long _______playing football?

A. have you stopped

B. had you stopped

C. did you stop

D. do you stop

（）6.It ______hard when I left my house .

A. is raining

B. rains

C. was raining

D. will rain

（）7.I think this question______to answer.

A. easy

B. is easy

C. was easy

D. will easy

（）8. Don’t talk so loudly . Your father

A. sleeps

B. is sleeping

C. slept

D. had slept

（）9.How many people does the doctor know who____of the disease (疾病)？

A. are dying

B. is dying

C. has died

D. dies

（）10.I____my homework now.

A. finish

B. finished

C. have finished

D. had finished

（）11.It ___ten years since his father died.

A. is

B. was

C. had been

D. will be

（）12.He_____for three years.

A. has joined

B. has been in the army

C. joined

D. has served the army （）13.His grandfather for thirty years.

A. died

B. was dead

C. has been dead

D. has died

（）14.I ____from my brother for a long time.

A. not have heard

B. have not heard

C. have heard not

D. do not hear

（）15—Did your brother go to America last year? —

A. No , he did never go there

B. No , he has never gone here

C. No , he never was there

D. No , he’s never been there

（）16.He _____that factory since 1958.

A. has left

B. has worked in

C. has gone from

D. has come to

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动词过去分词（had done） 各种时态的被动结构：（done指过去分词）一般现在时：am／is／are done 一般过去时：was／were done 一般将来时：1,shall／will be done 2, am/is/are going to be done 过去将来时：1,would be done 2, was/were going to be done 现在进行时：am／is／are being done 过去进行时：was/were being done 现在完成时：have／has been done 过去完成时：had been done 含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词+be done 不定式的被动结构：“to be done”。

初中英语动词时态讲解汇编

初中英语动词时态复习讲义 一般现在时 一、动词的第三人称词尾变化： 写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。 1. cook _______ 2.watch________ 3.build_________ 4.have________ 5.wash________ 6. enjoy ______ 7. go _________8 receive ______9 cry______10. close ________ 11. drive _______ 12. choose ______13. play ________14. reach ________ 二. 一般现在时的用法 1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。 I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）表示现在的状态。 例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 5）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。 6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。（主将从现） 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。

英语语法基本基础知识——时态

英语的时态问题 英语的时态可以分为：“时”(time) 和“体”(aspect)（又称为态）。时是指动作发生的时间，体是指动作发生时的状态。时间与体就象是坐标里的横轴和纵轴，它们的结合交织出了瞬息万变的时空，也构成了英语动词的时态问题。 时间分为：过去，现在，将来，过去将来 体分为：一般（在某个时间点）， 进行（延续某个时间段）， 完成（完成某个时间段） 完成进行（延续某个完成的时间段） 如此以来，英语中就有16种时态变化，现在就用动词为write例，看看它们的形式。 注意：里面的斜体字部分，由于时态过于复杂，几乎没有人真正去应用它们，可以忽略不记。 下面就常用的12种时态，（其中还有三种相对用的较少的，请注意）。具体分析一下。 一．一般现在时 表示现在的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态，常用于以下的情况 1、经常重复发生的动作或存在的状态，多与often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, 等时 间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper everyday My mother and father work at the same company. 2、表示性格，特征，能力。 Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any. 3、表示客观真理或者普遍事实。

The sun rises in the east. 二．一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或者状态，常和表示过去某个时间“点”的时间状语(yesterday, last week, 3 years ago, in 1987)连用 She bought a car last week. He came to help me at that time. 三．一般将来时 表示将来的时间“点”上发生的动作或者状态。 The train will arrive soon. We shall know the news tomorrow. 四．过去将来时 过去某个时间“点”上将要发生的动作或状态。 I asked her where she would spend her holiday. I told my father that I should go home next Monday. 五．现在进行时 表示现在的时间“段”上正在延续进行的动作或者状态。 I’m doing some washing. What are you doing? 六．过去进行时 在过去某一个时间“段”正在延续进行的动作。 I was working in my office at eight o’clock yesterday evening. He was making a phone call when I saw him. 七．将来进行时 在将来某个时间“段”正在发生的动作，一般表示一种猜测和未来的计划，一般不太常用。What will you be doing at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon? （明天下午三点你将在做什么哪） 八．现在完成时 表示动作在一个时间“段”的完成，而且这个时间段是从过去某一点延续到现在的。经常跟时间状语since 1987，for 10 hours , by the last year相连。 My brother has been ill for 3 days. I have not seen her since 1991. 九．过去完成时 在过去的某个时间“段”里动作的完成，从过去的一点再到过去的另一点。或者称为过去的过去。 He said that he had written her a letter. Helen rang me up after I had gone to sleep.