2018-2019学年高中新创新一轮复习英语人教版讲义：必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)

[第一屏听写] 1．astronomy n．天文学

2．astronomer n. 天文学家

3．solar adj.太阳的；日光的4．billion pron.&n.& adj.〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿5．carbon n. 碳

6．dissolve v t.& v i.溶解；解散

7．acid n. 酸

[第二屏听写]

8．mammal n．哺乳动物

9．dioxide n. 二氧化物

10．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的11．lessen v i.& v t.减少；减轻12．weightlessly ad v. 失重地

13．solar system 太阳系

14．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳_

[第三屏听写]

Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)

1．system n．系统；体系；制度2．religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰3．theory n. 学说；理论

4．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5．atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛

6．unlike prep. 与……不同；不像7．fundamental adj.基本的；基础的

[第四屏听写] 8．presence n．出席；到场；存在9．harmful adj.有害的

10．chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链

11．reaction n. 反应；回应12．multiply v i.& v t.乘；增加

13．oxygen n. 氧

14．exist v i.存在；生存

15．thus ad v. 因此；于是

[第五屏听写] 16．puzzle n．谜；难题

v t.& v i.(使)迷惑；(使)为难17．biology n. 生物学

18．biologist n. 生物学家

19．gravity n. 万有引力；重力20．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星21．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的

[第六屏听写] 22．physicist n．物理学家

23．climate n. 气候

24．crash v i.& v t.碰撞；坠落25．spaceship n. 宇宙飞船

26．pull n．& v t.拉(力)；拖；牵引力27．float v i.& v t.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮

n. 漂浮物

[第七屏听写]

28．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球29．exhaust v t.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽30．in_time 及时；终于

31．lay_eggs 下蛋

32．give_birth_to 产生；分娩

33．in_one's_turn 轮到某人

34．prevent_..._from 阻止；制止

[第八屏听写]

35．block_out挡住(光线)

36．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋37．now_that 既然

38．break_out 突发；爆发

39．watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防40．get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解

二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关) (一)核心单词

(二)常用短语

一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点

1．harmful adj.有害的

[教材原句]What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.

很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

单句语法填空

①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.

②If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him.

单句写作

③这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。(2013·安徽高考书面表达)

These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing/doing_serious _harm_to_life and the environment.

2．exist vi.存在；生存

[教材原句]They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.

它们也下蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。

单句语法填空

①No one knows when such a custom first came into existence (exist)．

②He finds it hard to exist on the money he's earning.

③There existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgment was not announced in court.

单句写作

④在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。(2014·北京高考写作)

The parking place for bikes was_an_existing_problem_for_a_long_time in our school.

[名师指津]exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。

3．puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜

[教材原句]How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.

地球上生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。

①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.

②Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us.

③When the little girl was asked such a puzzling (puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.

④This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled (puzzle)．

[名师指津]过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised 等，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Her puzzled (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.

2．There were many fish floating (float) in the river because of the serious pollution.

3．As is known to us, the People's Republic of China came into existence as an independent country in 1949.

4．Not all people are aware of the various effects of global (globe) warming on Earth.

5．It is wrong to see violence (violent) as the only way to solve problems.

6．When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful (harm) effects of smoking.

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．She has got into the bad habit of reading in the bed, which is harmful for her eyes. for→to 2．Even though he is a little boy, strange ideas always exists in his mind.exists→exist

3．It is a puzzle for me why he wants to change his job. for→to

4．The driver lost control of the car on the slippery road and had crashed into a truck.去掉had 5．The breeze of the south comes gentle. The noisy parrot sleeps in its cage.gentle→gently Ⅲ.根据提示词补全句子

1．众所周知，过量喝酒对你的身体有害。(harmful)

What is known to us is that drinking too much is_harmful_to_your_health.

2．他相信和中国建立更加良好的关系对这一地区的繁荣发展至关重要。(fundamental) He believes better relations with China are_fundamental_to the well-being of the area.

3．这个地区的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议，人们仍旧在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。(pull)

Whether the buildings in this area should_be_pulled_down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.

4．幸运的是，有一些现成的关键原则你可以遵循。(exist)

Fortunately, there_exist some key principles you can follow.

二、过短语、句式——学通学活靓人一眼

1．in time及时；终于

[高考佳句]As a proverb goes, “Where there's a will, there's a way.” Our eff orts will pay off in time.(2014·山东高考写作)

正如一句谚语所说，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。

[多角练透]

单句语法填空

①The car came to a halt just in time to_prevent (prevent) an accident.

②All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.

补全句子

③Many people are at the same start, but seldom do they arrive at the ending point at_the_same_time.

许多人起点相同，但他们很少同时到达终点。

④At no time did_they_actually_break_the_rules_of_the_game. It was unfair to punish them.

他们实际并未违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。

2．in one's turn轮到某人；接着

[教材原句]Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.

于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。

单句语法填空

①They had to take turns to_look (look) after the patients.

②Now that we have finished designing, the company, in its turn, should do the constructing work.

③I think it's my turn to_drive (drive) the kids to school this week.

补全句子

④People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn_creates_more_problems.

人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。

3．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；(使)振奋

[教材原句]I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。

①When I'm feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to_cheer_me_up.

当我感到忧伤时，母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。

②They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered_her_on.

他们聚集在游泳池边为她加油。

③This is just for you. Cheers!

这是特意为你调制的。干杯！

[名师指津]cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。

定式。

To make it easier to_get (get) in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.(2016·京高考单选)

为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。

②Susan made_it_clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

苏珊清楚地跟我表明她希望为自己创造新的生活。

③I consider it_no_use quarrelling with him about it.

我认为就这件事情和他争吵是没有用的。

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1

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2019高一英语必修一单词表

【unit1】 survey 调查，测验 add up 合计 upset 心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的(upset，upset)使不安，使心烦 ignore 不理睬，忽视 calm (使)平静，(使)镇定，平静的，镇定的，沉着的 calm down (使)平静下来，(使)镇定下来 have got to 不得不，必须 concern (使)担忧，涉及，关系到，担心，关注，(利害) 关系be concerned about 关心，挂念， walk the dog 遛狗 loose 松的，松开的 vet 兽医 go through 经历，经受 Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹 Netherlands 荷兰 jewish 犹太人的 German 德国的 Nazi 纳粹党人 set down 记下，放下，登记 series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的，一系列，一套 Kitty 基蒂 小编推荐阅读：高考英语如何得高分有哪些方法 outdoors 在户外，在野外 spellbind (spellbound,spellbound) 迷住，迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to 为了 dusk 黄昏，傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder 打雷，雷鸣 entire 整个的，完全的，全部的 entirely 完全地，全然地，整个地 power 能力，力量，权力 face to face 面对面地 curtain 窗帘，门帘，幕布

dusty 积满灰尘的 no longer/not any longer 不再 partner 伙伴，合作者，合伙人 settle 安家，定居，停留，使定居，安排，解决suffer 遭受，忍受，经历 suffer from 遭受，患病 loneliness 孤单，寂寞 highway 公路，大路 recover 痊愈，恢复，重新获得 get/be tired of 对...厌烦 pack 捆扎，包装，打行李小包，包裹 pack up 将 (东西)装箱打包 suitcase 手提箱，衣箱 Margot 玛戈 overcoat 大衣，外套 teenager十几岁的青少年 get along with 与...相处，进展 gossip 闲话，闲谈 fall in love 相爱，爱上 exactly 确实如此，正是，确切地 grateful 感激的，表示谢意的 dislike 不喜欢，厌恶 join in 参加，加入 tip 提示，技巧，尖，尖端，小费，倾斜，翻倒secondly 第二，其次 swap 交换 item 项目，条款 【unit 2】 subway 底下人行道， elevator电梯升降机 petrol 汽油(美gasoline) gas 汽油，气体，煤气，毒气 official 官方的，正式的，公务的 voyage 航行，航海 conquer 征服，占领 because of 因为，由于 native 本国的，本地人 Amy 艾米