教案精选：初三英语《When was it built》教学设计_1
教案精选：初三英语《When was it built》
教学设计
教案精选：初三英语《When was it built》教学设计教学目标
1．学习一些公共场所的标志和说明，要能正确理解，规范自己的行为。
2．掌握本单元的词汇，特别是一些短语的用法。
3．进一步复习一些电话用语和电话对话中时态的综合运用。
4．进一步学习被动语态，特别是一般过去时态的被动语态谓语动词形式，它的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及其答语等。
5．认真学习”A visit to the Natural Museum”，掌握一些有关dinosaur的常识，丰富自己的背景知识。
6．能运用所学句型及语法结构来谈论某些物品的制作、产地和作用以及制成材料的日常用语。
教学建议
教材内容分析
本单元主要围绕学习方向和常见的标志语，以及对话（打电话）的方式学习了“询问……”的表达法，学习了一些
地点、建筑物和机构的名称，学习了一些常用的词、短语和句型，通过对话的方式学会如何谈论展品。通过课文“A visit to the Natural History Museum”，很自然地引出了一般过去时态的被动语态。讲述了一般过去时态的被动语态的构成，它的肯定、否定和疑问句式及其简略答语。通过本单元的学习，我们要掌握一些有关dinosaurs的常识，来丰富自己的一些短语和习惯用语。
本单元的短语和习惯用语
(一) 短语与词组
1. in town 在城里
2. on show 陈列，展出
3. hundreds of 成百上千的
4. the way to 到……的路
5. on display 展出，陈列
6. a visit to… 一次去……的参观
7. be interested in 对……感兴趣
8. a group of 一群，一组，一对
9. in the 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代
10. long long ago 很久以前
11. long before 远在……以前
12. That’s a pity 很遗憾
13. on the earth 在地球上
14. be covered with 用……覆盖
15. the feathered dinosaurs 长有羽毛的恐龙
16. In the future 在将来
17. be founded （被）成立
18. where else 别的什么地方
19. look up 查阅（单词……）
20. No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
21. No parking. 禁止停车
22. This side up 此面朝上
23. business hours 营业时间
24. No photos 禁止拍照
（二）常用的英语标识语。注意，标识语一般采用大写形式。
CLOSED 打烊PUSH 推PULL拉
NO SMOKING 禁止吸烟NO PARKING 禁止停车
NO PHOTOS禁止拍照DANGER危险
PLAY 播放STOP 停止PAUSE 暂停
ON开OFF关BUSINESS
HOURS营业时间
OFFICE HOURS 办公时间FRAGILE易碎
THIS SIDE UP 此面朝上ENTRANCE 入口处
EXIT出口处OPEN营业中
（三）日常交际用语
1．电话用语
This is… speaking 我是……
2．表示“有……”：
Are there any new inventions?
Is there any…?
3．其他
That’s very interesting. 那非常有趣。
Yes, many more. 是的，有许多。
When was the PLA founded? 中国人民解放军什么时候成立的？（被动语态）
It’s best to…
Thanks to…
What’s next?
The ground must be just right.
The hole should not be too deep.
教学建议
本单元重点例句及相关知识的讲解
1. I saw many old inventions on show.
我看到了许多古老的发明物在展览。
on show意思是“陈列，展览”。on表示“处于某种状态中”。show在此作名词用，与on构成短语，on + 名词还有on duty（值日），
on sale（出售），
on business（出差），
on leave（休假）等。例如：
There are a number of model cars on show in the museum. And some of the old things are on sale now. She went to Beijing on business last week. Her assistant is on leave now. She could show you around next week.
在博物馆里有许多模型汽车展出，现在有些古老的东西正在出售。上周她到北京出差去了，她的助理也正在休假。她下周可以带你转转。
2. They were all invented hundreds of years ago.
它们都是几百年前发明的。
Hundreds of… 意思是“数以百计的，成百上千的”。hundreds, thousand, million等词与of一起用时，表示不定量的数目，必须用复数形式，而且前面不能有具体的数字。例
如：
He has received thousands of letters. Hundreds of people are still waiting for him.
他收到了成千上万封信。数以百计的人还在等他。
当hundred, thousand等用来表示具体的数字时，要用原形，表示“一百/千……”时其前常有基数词或“a”，后面直接跟所修饰的复数名词。例如：
three hundred / thousand people / students
三百人/学生三千人/学生
five hundred goats / sheep
五百只山羊/ 绵羊
3. But I don’t know the way to the museum.
但是，我不知道去博物馆的路。
the way to… 意思是“去……地方的路“，关于问路的常用句式有：
(1) Could you tell me how I can get to…?
Would you tell me which is the way to…?
Could you tell me how to get to…?
Will you please show me the may to…?
请你告诉我到……怎么走好吗？
(2) Could you tell me where the school is?
Where is the school, please?
请你告诉我学校在哪儿？
当然问路的表示法还有很多，在此不可能全归纳出来。
4. Have you ever seen dinosaurs on display in museum?
你在博物馆里看过恐龙展览吗？
on display意思为“陈列，展出”。这是一个介词短语，在句中可作表语和定语。同义词组是on show。如：
Some of her paintings are on display / on show in the local art galley.
她的一些画正在本地的美术馆展出。
The things on show / on display were all a hundred years ago.
展览的物品都有上百年的历史了。
5. There you can see the fossils of many kinds of dinosaurs.
在那里你能看到许多中恐龙的化石。
fossil意思为“化石”，是不可数名词；口语中还可指“守旧的人；落伍的人”。例如：
My grandpa doesn’t want to be an old fossil.
我爷爷可不愿做个落伍的人。
6. These eggs were found in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s.
这些蛋是一群科学家于二十世纪二十年代在戈壁大沙漠发现的。
in the 1920s意思为“在二十世纪二十年代”。年代的表达法：在年份前加the，年份后加s。如：in the 1840s在十九世纪四十年代
7. So these eggs were laid long long ago by dinosaurs.
这些恐龙蛋是很久以前恐龙孵化的。
句中laid是动词lay（产卵）的过去分词。
— How many eggs does your hen lay every week?
— Her hen is laying well，about three every week..
—你的母鸡每周产多少颗鸡蛋？
—我的鸡正常下蛋，大约每周三个蛋。
注意区别以下几个动词，它们的原形，过去式，过去分词及现在分词。现将这三个词的四种形态列表如下：
原形现在分词过去式过去分词
lay（摆放；产卵）laying laid laid
lie（躺）lying lay lain
lie（说谎）lying lied lied
(1) It’s ten o’clock now. Don’t lie in bed all morning.
都十点钟了，别一上午都躺在床上。
(2) She is an honest girl. She won’t lie to me. She has never lied to me.
她是个诚实的姑娘。她不会说谎的。她对我从来都没撒过谎。
8. That means dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared!
那就是说恐龙在人类出现之前就存在了。
appear不及物动词，意为“出现”，反义词是：disappear 意思为“消失”。它们的名词形式分别是appearance和disappearance。如：
When we reached the top of the hill, the town appeared below us.
当我们到达山顶时，市镇就呈现在我们脚下。
Dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. Scientists try to explain their disappearance.
恐龙大约在六千五百万年前就消失了。科学家试着解释它们消失的原因。
9. I say it is special because the dinosaur was covered with feathers!
我说它特别，是因为恐龙身上长有羽毛。
be covered with在句中意为“被……覆盖”，有时还用be covered by。例如：
The road was covered with yellow leaves. The fields were covered by flood. The ground was covered with the white snow.
道路曾被黄叶盖住了。洪水曾淹没了田地。大地曾覆盖着白雪。
另外，cover… with…为主动形式，意思为“用……覆盖”。例如：
The beautiful girl often covers her face with her hands.
那美丽的姑娘经常用手捂着脸。
10. It was founded on October 1, 1949.
它是1949年报0月成立的。
found vt.创立，创办，它与find的过去式和过去分词相同，注意在句中的区别。found的过去式和过去分词是在其后加-ed，即：
find（寻找）found found
found（成立，建立）founded founded
例如：
Mr. Wang is going to found a new factory near our factory. He was very busy this morning. His lost coat was found under the bed at last.
王先生准备在我们工厂附近创办一家新工厂。今天早上他很忙，他丢失的上衣终于在床下找到了。
11. It’s interesting, isn’t it?
它有趣，是吗？
interesting和interested都来源于名词interest，interesting 可作表语和定语，主语常指物；interested作表语，主语常指人，常构成be (become) interested in… 对……感兴趣。类似
的词还有surprising和surprised。
surprising和surprised都是由surprise变换而来的，前者有主动含义，后者有被动含义，surprising的主语通常是物，而surprised的主语通常是人。Be surprised at + n. (v. + ing) 对……感到惊讶，be surprised后还可接不定式和that引导的从句。例如：
(1) The news from the girl is very surprising. She said that dull film was interesting.
从那个女孩那儿得来的消息非常令人吃惊。她说那个无聊的电影很有趣。
(2) The students were very interested in dinosaurs when they visited the museum. They were surprised at seeing the teacher in front of them. Do you know why they surprised to meet their teacher in the museum?
学生们在参观博物馆时对恐龙很感兴趣。他们很惊讶地看见老师就在他们前面。你知道在参观博物馆时，为什么他们对遇见老师感到很惊讶吗？
12. When the bowl was filled with hot water, the wine would get warm.
当碗里装满了热水，酒就会变热。
Be filled with （某物）被装满……，
其主动式为fill… with… 把……装满……。例如：
When the room was filled with the smoke, we were filling the hole. The hole was filled with sand at last.
房间里弥漫着烟雾时，我们正用填洞。最终这个洞被沙填上了。
另外，类似的短语录还有be full of：意思是“充满……”表示状态。
The bottle is full of milk.
这个瓶装满了牛奶。
The garden is full of sheep.
园子里到处是羊。
13. Have you used / worn it a lot?
你经常用/ 穿吗？
这里的a lot相当于often，表示经常，在句中做状语录。另外，a lot常单独使用，成为句子的一个成分，在句中可作主语、宾语或状语，意思是“很多，非常”。例如：
(1) Thanks a lot (=very much)!（作状语）
多谢！
(2) We can learn a lot (=much) from the workers.
（作宾语）我们能从工人们那里学到很多东西。
(3) A lot (=much) has been done about the thing.
（作主语）关于这件事已经采取了许多措施。
(4) It is a lot (=much) colder today.
（作状语）今天冷多了。
教学建议
被动语态
本单元继续学习被动语态，我们已知道被动语态是由be + 过去分词构成。当不知道动作的执行者是谁或强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态由is (am, are) + 过去分词构成，那么一般过去时态的被动语太就是was (were) 后加not。它的疑问形式一般是将was (were) 放在主语前。
构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词。
例如：The teaching building was built six years ago.
这座教学楼是八年前建的。
肯定句：The window was broken last night.
昨晚玻璃被打碎了。
否定句：The machine wasn’t used for cutting two years ago.
这机器两年前不是用来切东西的。
The paintings weren’t finished last year.
这些油画不是去年完成的。
一般疑问句：
Were the textbooks written in English in 1982?
这教材是在982年写的吗？
Yes, the were. / No, they weren’t.
是，是在1982年写的。/ 不，它们不是在1982年写的。
Was your school built in 1978?
你们学校是建于1978年吗？
Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.
是，它是1978年建的。/ 不，它不是1978年建的。
特殊疑问句：
When was this club founded?
俱乐部是什么时候成立的？
Where were those buses made?
这些汽车是在哪儿制造的？
[例]He saw here come out of the library.（改为被动语态）误：She was seen come out of the library.
正：She was seen to come out of the library.
解析：凡主动语态的句子中有省去不定式符号to的不定式作宾语补足语，改为被动语态时，必须将不定式符号to加上，此时的不定式事实上是主语的补足语了。
被动语态的语法计时解
上一讲我们学了被动语态的一般现在时态概念、极成及其用法等。大家知道被动语态的结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词+其它”构成。被动语态的时态都是通过助动词be来体现的，即be是什么时态，该被动句就是什么时态。以动词do
为例，就几种常见的时候列表如下：
时态
语态
一般现在时态
is / am / are don
一般过去时态
was / were done
一般将来时态
will be done
本期我们将学习更多时态的被动语态，如一般过去时的被动语态：
1．构成
由上表可知被动语态的一般过去式是was / were + 及物动词的过去分词构成。当主语是单数或不可数名词（代词）时，be用was；当主语是复数名词（代词）时，be用were。
2．用法
一般过去时态的被动语态主要指在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作。如：
All these things were bought by my mother yesterday.
所有这些东西都是我母亲昨天买的。
This kind of cup was used for drinking tea three hundred years ago.
三百年前这种茶杯是用来喝茶的。
主动变被动的特例
同学们都知道，只有带及物动词的句子才能由主动语态变成被动语态。但不是所有带宾语的动词都可以变成被动语态，请看下面几种不能变为被动语态的情况：
1．宾语是反身代词时。如：
He taught himself English.
不能变成：Himself was taught by him.
2．宾语是相互代词时。如：
They help each other. 不能变成：Each other is helped by them.
3．宾语为同源宾语时。如：
The Chinese people live a happy life. 不能变成：
A happy life is lived by the Chinese people.
4．宾语是不可分割的词组或短语时。如：
Li Lei often keeps his word. 不能变成：His word is often kept by Li Lei.
5．宾语是动词不定式或动词ing形式时。
We like singing. 一般不能变成：Singing is liked by us.
6．宾语起状语作用时。如：
She got to the school gate at 8. 不能变成：
The school gate was got to at 8 by her.
7．宾语是“身体的某一部分”或“感官”时。如：
We believe our eyes. 一般不能变成：
Our eyes are believed by us.
8．宾语是表示“某组织”的名词时。如：
He joined the League in 1999. 不能变成：
The League was joined by him in 1999.
有关被动语态的教学建议
在教学被动语态时教师应当考虑到这个语法项目对于初中学生而言是一个较难的知识点。教师应当有一定的思想准备。在教学过程中应当设计一系列的语言素材进行机械操练，达到熟能生巧的效果。要求学生将教师所提供的句子变为被动句，反应要快，越快越好。如可以设计以下的训练模式：
T:I planted some trees yesterday.
S: Some trees were planted yesterday.
T: Some students cleaned the classroom yesterday.
S: The classroom was cleaned yesterday.
T: He washed some clothes last night.
S: Some clothes were washed last night.
教学建议
本单元关于听说读写的教学建议
★关于听力方面的练习：
对于短文的听力一直是困绕初中英语教学的一个难点，对于情景性较强的对话的听力教师教起来比较轻松，学生练起来也比较容易。而对于长文章的听力训练则显得有些力不从心。但是这正是我们教学中要解决的一个问题。在训练学生的对于短文的听力时，首先要告诉学生一些听短文的基本要领。如：
1. 要首先抓住文章的大意，抓住文章的主旨；
2. 在听的过程中一定要一句一句地听，而不要一个词一个词地听；
3. 遇到有听不懂的句子时，千万不要着急，耐心地往后听，这样会解决一些听的过程中的个别词语障碍的问题；
4. 听完以后可以尝试着进行一些复述练习，以巩固和强化听的效果。
在本单元中可以利用第38课这篇课文作为练习的材料。在进行听力训练之前，教师可以介绍一下与课文有关的背景知识，这样更有利于加强听力练习的实效性。
★关于口语方面的练习：
本单元中有两处较长的对话，37课和第40课。这两课教师应当充分利用作为口语训练的直接材料。教师在上口语课时，不应拘泥于课文本身所提供的语言素材。教材所提供的语言素材只是学生应当掌握的知识起点，而远非终点。所以教师在辅导学生进行口语练习时，应当鼓励学生大胆地就
课文材料在进行机械操练的基础之上，进行创新。
★关于读写方面的练习：
本单元的阅读材料是一篇记叙文，其中贯穿着语法教学。第38课练习l可帮助学生对整篇文章有个完整的印象，并可借助回答这些问题来复述课文。在学生理解的基础上，教师帮助学生分析课文的写作特点，使学生对一般过去时被动语态在什么情况下使用有初步的认识，并为第40课的写作练习做好铺垫。
第40课有一个要求学生仿照范例写一篇短文的练习。在写的练习前，特意设计了Ask and answer 的练习。练习中的8个问题存在着内容上的联系，含有“信息沟”，学生们通过问答来获取完成笔头练习所必需的信息。因为笔头练习的内容和所需运用的语言结构都与本单元前几课紧密相关。所以在充分学好前几课的基础下写好这篇短文并不困难。
教师在呈现这8个问题时，可使用投影片。教师说物品的名词，如：a watch，然后要求学生回答问题。每次呈现投影片中的l道问题，遮住其他问题。学生先口头回答1-2组问题，并分别将这些问题的回答口头串成一篇短文。教师可提供一些词语，如：metal, glass, cotton, street marker, shop 等。在学生口头练习基本熟练的情况下，再要求他们笔头完成课堂
练习。教师亦可将范文作为听写练习的材料。在课本提
供的8个物品名词中，必会词为：watch, radio, computer其余可作为学生了解的词语。
教学建议
关于一般过去时被动语态的教学建议
本单元的语法重点是一般过去时被动语态。第9单元已经教学了一般现在时被动语态，所以本单元语法教学应将复习与教新课相结合。
教师先依次出示画有cotton, jacket, wool, coats, thermos 图案的卡片，复习一般现在时的被动语态，引出下列对话：
1. T: What’s this?
Ss: It’s cotton.
T: Where’s cotton grown?
Ss: It’s grown in....
2. T: Is this a jacket?
Ss: Yes, it is.
T: What’s it made of?
Ss: I think it’s made of cotton.
3. T: What’s this?
Ss: It’s wool.
T: Where’s it produced?
Ss: It’s produced in/at . . ..
T: What’s (the) wool used for?
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