Unit_1_Vocabulary
Unit 1 Reading
I. “Take” Phrases
1.take back
(1)take sb. back (to) : 回想起
That song takes me back 30 years.
这首歌使我回想起30年前的往事。
(2) take sth. back: 收回（说过的话）；退回（货物）。
OK! I take it all back.
好吧，我收回我所说过的话。
They wouldn’t take back the shirt.
衬衫他们不让退货。
2. take down
(1) 写下，记下。如：
He took down everything the teacher said.
他把老师说的所有话都记了下来。
I didn’t take down his phone number.
我没有记下他的电话号码。
(2) 拆下，拆掉。如：
The machine takes down easily.
这机器很容易拆。
They decided to take down the dangerous bridge.
他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。
(3) 往下拽，拉底。如：
to take down your trousers 把裤子往下拽一拽
3. take in
(1) 收留。如：
So he took in the boy (dog)/ So he took the boy(dog) in .
所以他就收留了这个男孩(这条狗)。
(2) 包括。如：
The list takes in everyone.
每个人都上了名单。
(3) 理解，领会，记住。如：
We find it difficult to take in what he teaches.
我们发现他教的东西很难理解。
Halfway through the chapter I realized I had’t taken anything in.
这一章我读到一半才意识到我根本没看懂。
(4) 欺骗，使上当。如：
Don’t be taken in by his promises.
别被他的诺言所欺骗。
She took me in completely with her story.
(5) 吸入，吞入（体内）。如：
Fish take in oxygen through their gills.
(6) 改小，改瘦（衣服）。如：
This dress needs to be taken in at the waist.
(7) 去看，观看（电影等）。如：
I generally take in a show when I’m in New York on business.
(8) 注意到，看到。如：
He took in every detail of her appearance.
他仔仔细细打量她一番。
She took in the scene at a glance.
她第一眼就注意到那情景。
4. take off
(1) 脱下。如：
Take off your wet clothes.
脱下你的湿衣服。
He took off his glasses and looked up.
他取下眼镜，抬头看了看。
(2) 起飞。如：
When did the plane take off?
飞机是什么时候起飞的?
(3) 打折扣，扣掉，去掉。如：
Can you take five dollars off the price?
你可以减价五美元吗?
(4) 请假，休息。如：
I want to take a day off (from work).
我想休假一天。
(5) 匆匆离去，匆忙离开。如：
When he saw me coming he took off in the opposite direction.
(6) 突然大受欢迎，迅速流行。如：
The new magazine has really taken off.
Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.
(7) 取消，停演。如：
The show was taken off because of poor audience figures. (8) 剪掉（头发），截去，切除（人体部位）。如：
The hairdresser asked me how much she should take off.
理发师问我头发留多长。
The explosion nearly took his arm off.
他的胳膊差点被炸掉。
(9) 调离，解除（工作。职务等）；撤掉，拆除（器械）。如：
The officer leading the investigation has been taken off the case.
主要调查此事的警员已被撤。
After three days she was taken off the ventilator.
三天之后给她摘掉呼吸器。
(10) 扣除，减去（款额，分数等）。如：
The manager took 10 dollars off the bill.
经理从帐单上划掉10元。
That experience took 10 years off my life.
那段经历使我老了10年。
(11) 停止销售。如：
Doctors recommended that the slimming pills should be taken off the market.
医生建议市场上应该停止销售这种减肥药片。
5. take on
(1) 聘用，雇用。如：
The company decided to take on a new secretary.
这家公司决定聘一个新秘书。
(2) 呈现，显现，具有。如：
This word had taken a new meaning.
这个词有了新的意义。
Her face took on a new expression.
她的脸上露出了新的表情。
(3) 承担或担任(工作或责任等)。如：
He advised me not to take too much work.
他劝我不要做太多的工作。
(4) （运动或比赛）同某人较量；反抗；与某人战斗。如：
To take somebody on at snooker/tennis/chess
与人比斯诺克/网球/下棋。
The rebels took on the entire Roman army.
反叛者与整个罗马军队战斗。
(5) （公共汽车，飞机或船只）接纳（乘客）；装载。如：
The bus stopped to take on more passengers.
The ship took on more fuel at Freetown.
6. take out
(1) 切除，摘除（人体的一部分）
How many teeth did the dentist take out ?
(2) 邀(某人)出门, 带去
He took out his girl friend in the weekend.
(3) 取得, 领到(专利权, 执照等)
To take out an insurance policy/a mortgage /a loan
领到保险单/抵押贷款契约/获得贷款
(4)【律】发出(传票), 传讯
The police have taken out a summons against the driver of the car.
(5) 摧毁, 消除
They took out two enemy bombers.
(6) 向…发泄，向…撒气
OK, so you had a bad day. Don’t take it out on me.
别拿我当出气筒。
She tended to take her frustrations out on her family .
她心里的不痛快总是发泄在家人身上。
(7) 启程, 出发
(8) take out of 取出, 除去; 要赔偿; 报仇
The fine will be taken out of your wages.
7. take over
（1）接替，接管，继承。如：
Who will take over his job?
他的工作由谁来接替?
Would you like me to take over the driving for a while?
你愿意让我接替你开一会儿车吗?
（2）占上风；取而代之。如：
Try not to let negative thoughts take over.
It has been suggested that mammals took over from dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
8. take through 帮助熟悉了解；给某人说戏
The director took us through the play scene by scene.导演一幕一幕地给我们说戏。
9. take to
(1) 喜欢。如：
He took to Mary as soon as they met.
他一见玛丽就爱上了她。
(2) 养成习惯，沉溺于。如：
He soon took to drinking again.
不久他又喝起酒来。
(3) 去(某处)。如：
He was ill and had to take to bed.
他病倒了，只好卧床。
10. take up
(1) 开始(学习或从事等)。如：
For a long time I had wanted to take up writing.
很久以来我一直想从事写作。
(2) 继续。如：
We took up our journey the next day.
第二天我们继续赶路。
This chapter takes up where the last one left off.
本章接续上一章谈到的内容。
(3) 占去(时间或空间)。如：
The table takes too much room.
这桌子太占地方了。
The work took up all of Sunday.
这活儿占去了整个星期天。
(4) 接纳(乘客等)，接受(挑战，建议，条件等)。如：
The bus stopped to take up passengers.
公共汽车停下来让乘客上车。
He has taken up the bet.
他已接受打赌的条件。
(5) 提出(商讨)，讨论。如：
There’s another m atter which we ought to take up.
还有一件事我们要提出来商量。
(6) 将（衣服等）改短。如：
This skirt needs taking up.
(7) take sb up on sth
A: 质问；查问。如：
I must take you up on that point.
B: 接受（提议，打赌等）
Thanks for the invitation ---we’ll take you up on it some time.
谢谢你的盛情邀请，改日我们一定奉陪。
(8) take sth up with sb
A: 向…提出；与…交涉;。如：
They decided to take the matter up with their MP.
他们决定向本地区的下议院提出这一问题。
B: be taken up with sth/ sb 致力于；专心于；对…一心一意
She’s completely taken up with preparing for her exams.
11. be taken with sb/sth 被...迷住, 被...吸引
We were all very taken up with his girlfriend.
我们都觉得他的女朋友非常讨人喜欢。
I think she’s quite taken with the idea.
我认为她对这个想法很感兴趣。
12. take sb sth / take sth to sb 给某人带(送)去某物。如：
Take your father this glass of water. / Take this glass of water to your father.
把这杯水给你父亲送去。
Take her some flowers. / Take some flowers to her.
带一些花给她。
13. take sb (sth) for [to be]……把某人(某物)当作……。如：
He took her smile for agreement.
他把她的微笑视为同意。
Of course I didn’t tell her your secret ---- what do you take me for?
当然我没有把你的秘密告诉她---你都把我当什么人了?
I took him for an honest man [to be honest].
我看他为人老实。
I took him for Mr. Smith.
我错把他看成是史密斯先生。
注：按传统说法：take……for 往往指不合事实地“错误认为”，而take……to be [as]则可能指正确地也可能指不正确地“认为”，但现代英语已不完全遵循此规则。
14. It takes sth (sb) to do sth 某做某事花精力(需要人等)。如：
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
15.take ...for granted 认为...属实, 认为……理所当然
I take it for granted you have done the work.
我认为你一定完成了工作.
He never praises his son; he just takes him for granted.
他从不夸奖他儿子，只觉得他一切应当如此.
II. claim / clam词根
1. claim: 宣称,需要,要求的权利,要求v. (claim +that clause claim to)
He claims to have met the President, but I don’t believe him.
2. exclaim：受惊吓后的大喊v.
She exclaimed when seeing a snake!
3. acclaim：喝彩，欢呼v & n.
She is being acclaimed acclaimed as the greatest dancer of her generation.
4. declaim：朗诵,演说v.
These lines make far mor sense when declaimed than when simply read out.
5. proclaim: 宣布，声称v.
All the countries have proclaimed their loyalty to the alliance.
6. disclaim: 否认，拒绝承认v.
We disclaim all responsibility for this disaster.
7. reclaim: 要求恢复，要求拿回v.
Foreigner tourists who have paid tax on goods they have bought can reclaim it when
they leave the country.
8. clamorous: 喧闹的,喧闹的，大声抱怨的 a.
The air was filled with clamorous noise.
9. clamant：大声疾呼的，吵闹的a.
The classroom is clamant.
III. firm词根
1). infirm:虚弱的; 体弱的, 懦弱的: 意志薄弱的
1. She's old and infirm and has to keep to the house.
她因年老体弱而足不出户.
2. Tom is so infirm of purpose that it is useless to ask him for advice.
汤姆这人优柔寡断，向他征求意见是徒劳无益的。
2). firmer:坚硬的, 坚固的
1. Since its reorganization, the business is on a much firmer footing.
商行改组后，基础更稳固了。
2. Firmer action will be taken against factories discharging smoke into the air.
将采取更坚决的行动来对付那些不断把浓烟放到空气里的工厂。
3. This glue is our new product and makes a firmer bond.
这种胶水是我们的新产品，粘结力很强。
3). confirm: 证实, 肯定, 确定
1. Please confirm your telephone message by writing to me.
请给我来封信，好进一步证实你在电话中传达的消息。
2. My employer will confirm that I was there on time.
我的雇主将会证实,我是准时到达的。
4). affirm: 断言；肯定
1. He affirmed his love for her.
他肯定他爱她。
2. I affirm my innocence.
我断言我是无辜的。
3. I am not in a position either to contradict or affirm this statement.
我既不能否定这一说法，又不能肯定这一说法。
5). reaffirm: 重申; 再断言; 再肯定; 再证实
1. It is particularly important to reaffirm this point today.
今天重申这一点，有特别重要的意义。
2. Here, we would like to reaffirm our related position and policy.
在此，谨重申有关立场和政策。
6). firmware: 稳定器, 固件(具有软件功能的硬件)
1. Using agents, DMI also coordinates messages between a PC's firmware and the network
management console.
利用代理，dmi也在pc机固件与网管控制台之间协调信息。
7). affirmative: 肯定的, 正面的; 断言的; 确实的; 赞成的, 支持的
1. Her answer is in the affirmative.
她的回答是肯定的。
2. Two negatives make an affirmative.
[谚]两个否定等于肯定；负负得正.
8). firmament: 穹苍, 苍天
1. Knowledge, in truth, is the great sun in the firmament. Life and power are scattered with all
its beams. --- Daniel Webster
知识的确是天空中硕大无比的太阳。它的光辉撒下生命和力量。－－韦伯斯特
2. What is the world if compare to the least visible star in the firmament?
即使与天空中最暗弱的恒星相比，这世界又算得上什么？
IV．cent / centi词根
centenarian a. 百岁以上的，一百周年的；n. 百岁以上的人
centenary n. 一百年，百年纪念，一世纪；a. 一百年的，一世纪的，一百周年纪念的centesimal a. 百分之一的，百分的；百分法的，百进位的
centigrade a. 百分度的，摄氏温度计的
centigram n. 毫克
centimeter n. 厘米
centuple a. 百倍的，vt. 增加百倍，用百倍乘
century n. 世纪
percentage n. 百分比