第7讲 动词的形式——谓语动词和非谓语动词
第7讲动词的形式——谓语动词和非谓语动词
——找到薄弱点才是努力点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is (be) full of fat and salt; by eating (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest)．
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah was_told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to_prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But at the moment, school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.goes→went
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”Turning→Turn
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.interesting→interested
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！came→comes;_pick前加to
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.took→taken;_become→became
[锁定薄弱点]
1．考生因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分。
2．动词的时态和语态是考查谓语动词时的必考点，考生在答题时如果分析不到位或相关知识欠缺，则容易误填答案。
3．非谓语动词因其蕴含形式多变、用法繁杂等特征，考生容易出现理解失误而造成失分。
——攻克薄弱点才是增分点
突破点(一)——如何确定填谓语动词还是非谓语动词
1．找句中“题眼”，确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
(1)若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语
一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语。一般来讲，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应填谓语动词。谓语动词需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。
[典例1](2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achievement.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable.
分析：分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故所给动词作谓语，谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且根据语境可知时态为一般现在时。故填is。
[典例2](2016·四川高考)The giant panda __61__ (love) by people throughout the world.
分析：分析句子结构可知，句子中没有谓语，故空格处应作谓语。大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，应用一般现在时；且panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。
非谓语动词需确定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式还是不定式。
[典例1](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __43__ (create) special designs.
分析：本句中已经有谓语动词combine，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to create。
[典例2](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include __67__ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the
misty mountains of Bifengxia.
分析：句中已有谓语动词include，且无其他连词，故空处应填非谓语动词。include为及物动词，其后加名词或动名词作宾语，再结合提示词introduce和空后的名词visitors可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。故填introducing。
(3)排除干扰，切忌“只见树木不见森林”
[典例1](2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __49__ (be) too violent for use at the table.
分析：看到此题，考生可能会根据and认为应与前面的某个成分并列，是与believed 并列、与would remind并列还是与killings并列？分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。但此处描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时，又因主语是knives，故填were。
[典例2](2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers __68__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
分析：本题存在一题多义、一词多性的特征，考生易误填was conducted或were conducted。因为考生容易把names误作名词而认为空格处应填动词。实际上，分析句子结构可知，空格所在句已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。
2.通过6 组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词
[题组一]
[题组二]
[题组三]
非谓语动词考查特点及解题点拨
非谓语动词考查特点及解题点拨 非谓语动词在英语语言中使用率很高，同时也是中考考考查热点。近几年对非谓语动词的考查更加强调语句的复杂性，综合考查时态、语态、逻辑主语一致性的题目较多。因此，考生必须学会在复杂的语境中选用非谓语动词的适当形式。 【例1】Charles Babbage is generally considered _____the first computer． A．to have invented B．inventing C．to invent D．having invented 解题点拨：这是一道把动词的用法和非谓语动词的用法结合起来的考题。关键一：表示心理活动的动词在带不定式作宾补时常用to be或to have done，极少用to do sth．的形式。关键二：注意consider的两种用法，consider doing sth．意为“考虑做某事”，consider sb．／sth．to be 或consider sb．to have done或其被动式be considered to be／to have done意思是“认为某人／物如何(做了什么)”。依题意可知本题考查第二种用法。 练一练：1)The patient was warned ______oily food after the operation． A．not eat B．eating not C．not to eat D．not eating 【例2】Do let your mother know all the truth．She appears _______everything． A．to tell B．to be told C．to be telling D．to have been told 解题点拨：这是一道把语态、时态、和非谓语动词结合起来考查的题目。解这类题一定要注意时态和语态的变化，先于谓语动作发生的非谓语用完成形式。前半句说“一定要告诉你母亲全部真相”，后半句说“看上去她好像已被告知所有情况”，因此选不定式完成形式的被动语态。 练一练：2)The old man is said _____a sailor when he was young． A．to have been B．that he was
2020年新高考英语二轮复习专题06 非谓语动词讲解(学生版)
专题6 非谓语动词 非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。其考点主要包括： 1．考查对谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别，要求明确句子的结构和意义，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法。 2．考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别，要求掌握一些常见动词后面所接宾语的形式。 3．考查非谓语动词作定语、状语、补语时的区别，尤其是不定式、现在分词短语、过去分词短语所表示的不同时间、逻辑关系和意义。现在分词和不定式作结果状语时的区别应引起足够重视。 4．考查非谓语动词的否定式、完成式、被动式及复合结构，要求掌握其构成形式、所表示的时间以及逻辑关系。 知识点一、非谓语动词作状语 1．非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式； To succeed, we must make good preparation. 要取得成功必须做好准备。 2．非谓语动词作伴随状语，要想到用现在分词； The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。 3．非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词； He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果) (陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了更多高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果) 4．非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
非谓语动词的三种形式
非谓语动词共分为三种，构成形式如下： 1.动词不定式(Infinitives)： 2.现在分词和过去分词(present participles & past participles): 3. 动名词(gerunds) 下面我们依据句子的成分，来具体分析非谓语动词的不同用法。 1.非谓语动词做主语和表语 主语、表语和同位语在句子中用名词来担当，非谓语动词中动词不定式和动名词均可以用作名词，因此，动词不定式和动名词可以用来担当这三种成分。 1）非谓语动词做主语 一般情况下，用动名词来做主语的情况比较多，动词不定式用作主语的情况比较少。通常来说，在表达将来的要发生的事情时用不定式来作主语，而表达一般情况习惯性的动作时用动名词来作主语。 例如：Teaching is a tiring but satisfying job. Swimming is a good kind of exercise. To be an astronaut is Johnson’s desire. 在用it做形式主语的句子中通常用动词不定式来做真正的主语。 例如：It is necessary (for you) to give up smoking. It is everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
但是值得注意的是在各别情况下，即使是It做形式主语，真正的主语也必须用动名词，这些情况很少，所以希望同学们能单独记忆下来，以下是此类情况的一个总结。 It is/was no use/good doing sth. It is/was not any use/good doing sth. It is/was of little use/good doing sth. 2)非谓语动词做表语 非谓语动词作此成分的时候跟作主语时的规则基本一致。 在表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等名词做主语时其表语应该用不定式. 例如：Her wish was to become an artist.她的愿望是成为一位艺术家 Our aim is to help them，not to teach them a lesson.我们的目的是帮助他们，而不是教训他们。 动名词做表语，表示抽象概念。动名词做表语一般用来表示“身份，职业”等.大部分时候主语与表语可以互换。 例如：My job is teaching.(Teaching is my job.) 此外，还要注意主语与表语的一致性。 例如：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 To see is to believe.
全国高考真题动词时态语态非谓语动词题改编语法填空
语法填空（2011年全国高考时态语态非谓语动词汇编） 01.The next thing he saw was smoke (rise) from behind the house.（全国卷I） 02. If you don't like the drink that you ______(order), just leave it and try a different one.（全国卷II） 03. The island, _______ (join)to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. （全国卷II） 04. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody (break)into the office during the night. （江西卷） 05. On receiving a phone call from his wife (say) she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. （江西卷） 06. Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. （福建卷） 07. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_______ (hold). 08. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they______ (receive)from China. (福建卷） 09. Look over there – there’s a very long, winding path (lead) up to the house.(山东卷) 10. When I got on the bus, I _____(realize)I had left my wallet at home. (山东卷) 11. She was surprised to find the fridge empty. The children _____ (eat)everything! (山东卷) 12. His first novel ( receive)good reviews since it came out last month.(陕西卷) 13．Claire had her luggage (check)an hour before her plane left. (陕西卷) 14. .More highways have been built in China, __(make)it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (陕西卷) 15. Passengers are permitted (carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(天津卷） 16. ______ (translate)into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. .(天津卷） 17. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, (keep)on your feet.(北京卷) 18. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ (break)into small pieces.（安徽） 19. All visitors to this village _________ (treat) with kindness.(四川卷） 20. Simon made a big bamboo box (keep)the little sick bird till it could fly. (四川卷） 21. (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. (四川卷） 22. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son. (graduate) from college. (辽宁卷) 23. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _____ (raise)people’s concern over food safety. （重庆卷） 24. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_______ (remind) of his own dreams. 25. The ability _____( express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. （湖南卷） 26. The players ______(select)from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 27. Do you wake up every morning _______(feel) energetic and ready to start a new day? （湖南卷） 28. It is the most instructive lecture that I _______(attend) since I came to this school. （湖南卷） 29. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______(make) by science. （湖南卷） 30. Recently a survey _______(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. （江苏卷） 31. The rare fish, ______ (save)from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. （上海卷） 32. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam．Then I changed my mind, ______(realize) that he could do nothing to help. （上海卷） 33. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ (lose)the art of communicating face-to-face. （浙江卷） 34. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose)for words. （浙江卷） 35. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city (cheer)by their enthusiastic supporters. （浙江卷）
非谓语动词学案学生版
非谓语动词学案 授课班级______ 应到学生______ 实到学生_____课型_____ 教学目标：1. 熟悉非谓语动词的构成； 2. 能够熟练使用非谓语动词。 教学过程： 一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语,而非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 二、非谓语动词的形式和基本用法： 1、动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来; I have a meeting to attend. The child has nothing to worry about. He worked day and night to get the money. 2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行； Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 3、动词的过去分词：done表示被动和完成。 The window was broken by the boy. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. I heard the song sung several times last week. 三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing/ not/ never done 五、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
动词非谓语形式用法精讲
词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词． (一)不定式 不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用 it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用 it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have，let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带 to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词 but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to，否则要带 to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read．注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about． Please give me a knife to cut with． 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是 time，place或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如： He had no money and no place to live. 注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同．试比较： A) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗? (不走式 to send的动作执行者是 you) B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式 to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的 me
非谓语动词之动词ing的使用形式练习
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专题五非谓语动词(全国卷)
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(完整版)非谓语的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-非谓语动词(解析版)
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英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法
英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法 在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形)，把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词，所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。 非谓语动词在保留动词特征(能带宾语、状语等)的同时，又兼有其他几种词类的特征，比如： 1.作主语、宾语时-兼有名词性质,相当于一个概念名词、意群(名词词组)或者名词性从句。 相当于一个名词： Reading is great fun. 阅读很有趣。 相当于一个意群： Reading extensively is very necessary. 广泛阅读是很必要的。 相当于名词从句： For him to be dishonest is not easy. 让他变得不诚实可不容易。 2.作定语时-兼有形容语性质，相当于一个形容语、形容词词组或者定语从句(形容词性从句)。 相当于一个形容词：
We love moving movies. 我们喜欢动人的电影。 There are some fallen leaves on the ground now. 现在地上有些落叶了。 相当于一个形容词词组： China will be a highly developed country in dozens of years. 再过几十年中国将成为一个高度发达的国家。 相当于一个形容词从句： She saw a small bird wounded in one wing. 她看见一只有个翅膀受伤的小鸟。 作状语时-兼有副词性质，相当于一个副词、副词词组或者副词从句(状语从句)。 相当于一个副词： She was happy to come. 她很高兴地来了。 相当于一个副词词组： To be frank (frankly),I disagree with you. 坦率地说，我不同意你的话。 相当于一个副词从句： Being late for class (=Because he was late for class), Tom was afraid to enter the classroom.
——非谓语动词各省份历年高考真题(带答案详解)
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