英语语法+快速搞定高中英语语法的100个句子(七)

关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里

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<触类旁通>

(1) There is a small yellow wooden table in the room. 房间里有一张黄色的小木桌。

语法分析：有几个形容词时的顺序。

(2) She is the Poet Laureate.

她是桂冠诗人。

语法分析：个别形容词可以放在所修饰词的后面。

(3) Presently he grew calmer.

不久，他平静了一些。

语法分析：形容词作表语要放在系动词后面。

(4) This kept me busy.

这使我很忙。

语法分析：形容词作宾语补足语时一般紧跟宾语。

(5) Many great poets died young.

许多诗人都英年早逝。

语法分析：有些形容词有时用在动词后面，表示状态。

(6) Conscientious and eager, he took down everything she said.

他很认真热情，把她说的话都记下来了。

语法分析：形容词作同位语时有时可以放在句首，尤其是当主语很短时。

(7) Strange to say, no one was hurt.

说也奇怪，没有人受伤。

语法分析：作句子状语的形容词，多放在句子开头。

<巩固练习>

1. He came round greatly _____[concern].

2. This delay has made me _____[late].

3. There was something _____[miss].

4. She could not fully understand _____[involve] scholarly lectures.

5. She had the worst _____[imagine].

6. Greatly _____[interest], I asked how she played the new instrument.

<参考答案>

1. concerned

2. late

3. missing

4. involved

5. imaginable

6. interested 66.形容词的比较级别

<例句>

The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually is.

一个人越有学问，往往就越谦虚。

<语法分析>

这个句子包含了形容词的比较级的用法，“the more...the more”结构表示“越是...越”的意思，这是形容词比较级的特殊用法，类似的还有“more...than”，“more and more”，“more than”等。单音节形容词及少数双音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式可以通过词尾的曲折变化来实现，其他双音节词及多音节词都以在前面加more和most的方式构成比较级和最高级，还有一些词有不规则的比较级和最高级形式。

<触类旁通>

(1) Two heads are better than one.

两人的智慧胜过一人。

语法分析：不规则比较级的规则用法。

(2) She is my elder sister.

她是我姐姐。

语法分析：elder和eldest主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系。

(3) She's happier than she ever been.

她现在比过去任何时候都快乐。

语法分析：形容词比较级可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后面可以跟名词、代词、动名词、从句、状语以及动词或形容词等成分。

(4)Now I feel a great deal more confident.

现在我觉得信心强多了。

语法分析：在形容词比较级前可以加一些修饰语如much, a lot, far, a little, any, no, some

等，还可以加一些其他表示数量的词。

(5)It is a most joyful occasion.

这是个非常快乐的日子。

语法分析：在形容词最高级前面可以加a或不加冠词表示“非常”。

<巩固练习>

1. I may not be good, but at _____[little] let me have a try.

2. She cannot go there till tomorrow at _____[early].

3. My command of Japanese is not half so _____[good] as yours.

4. The warmer the weather, the _____[well] I feel.

5.She was a _____[good] singer than he was.

6. This is the _____[bad] accident for years.

<参考答案>

1. feast

2. the earliest

3. good

4. better

5. better

6. worst

67.形容词比较级别的注意点

<例句>

China is bigger than any other country in Asia.

中国比亚洲其他任何国家都大。

<语法分析>

比较级是两者相比，具有其他的特点，多用于同一性质或同一范畴中两者的比较，所以这个句子就不可把other省略掉。如果不属于同一范畴，则不用other，有时可用else。如果为

了强调，比较级不用than结构，而用of结构，比较形容词前加the。形容词最高级与the 连用，但如果不表示比较，仅强调“非常”时，不用定冠词，可用不定冠词。当两个最高级形容词同时修饰一个名词时，后一个最高级形容词的定冠词常省去。

<触类旁通>

(1) This table is bigger than anyone else.

这张桌子比任何别的东西都要大。

语法分析：不属于同一范畴的两者相比，有时可以用else。

(2) She is the nicer of the two.

她是两人之间最好的。

语法分析：有时为了强调，比较级不用than结构，而用of结构。

(3) Compared with silk, cotton is cheap.

和丝绸相比，棉花便宜。

语法分析：“compared with和be senior to ...”也具有比较意义，但与它们连用的形容词是原形。

(4) We couldn't have got better results.

我们不可能取得比这更好的成绩。

语法分析：形容词的比较级与虚拟语气中的couldn't连用有“不可能更......”或“再......不过”的意思。

(5) She is a most capable young girl.

她是个很有才华的年轻女孩。

语法分析：如不表示比较，只表示非常时，不用定冠词，可用不定冠词。

(6) Her greatest wish is to become an engineer.

她最大的愿望是当个工程师。

语法分析：最高级形容词如有物主代词或名词所有格，就不用冠词。

(7) Oldest in our workshop as she is, she works hardest.

虽然她是我们车间年龄最大的，但是她工作最辛苦。

语法分析：最高级形容词用在由as引导的倒装让步状语从句时，前面不用定冠词。

<巩固练习>

1. The ice became smaller and _____[small], until in the end it disappeared completely.

2. The weather is getting more and _____ terrible.

3. The driver drove the cat at a speed of 50 kms more or _____ per hour.

4. He is not late for class any _____.

5. There are not more _____ ten elephants in this forest.

6. Iron is the more useful _____ the two.

7. She is the nicest _____ the two.

8. She is four years senior _____ me.

9. I hope this book was better than _____ one you fent me.

10. I dreamed _____ worst dream last night.

11. He is the youngest but _____[tall]boy in our class.

12. John is a _____[small] boy than Smith.

13. Of the three glasses there is _____[little] milk in this one.

<参考答案>

1. smaller

2. more/longer

3. less

4. more

5. than

6. of

7. of

8. to

9. the 10. my 11. tallest 12. smaller 13. the least

69.副词在句中的作用

<例句>

Have you seen her lately?

你最近见到她了吗？

<语法分析>

副词的最主要的作用就是作状语，可以修饰动词，也可以修饰动词的非谓语形式。副词还可以用来修饰形容词或副词，也可修饰整个句子。大部分的副词都可用作表语，还可在句中作定语、作宾语补语，也可构成成语动词。

<触类旁通>

(1) They spoke very highly of him.

他们对他评价很高。

语法分析：副词的最主要的作用就是用来修饰动词在句中作状语。

(2) Excuse me for coming back.

原谅我又回来了。

语法分析：副词还可用来修饰非谓语动词作状语。

(3) Naturally, he's attached to the place.

当然他很喜欢这个地方。

语法分析：副词做状语，可以修饰整个句子。(4) She didn't work hard enough.

她不够用功。

语法分析：副词修饰副词或形容词作状语。

(5) The bedrooms are upstairs.

卧室在楼上。

语法分析：副词作表语。

(6) I hope you'll enjoy your stay here.

希望你在这儿住得愉快。

语法分析：副词作定语。

(7) He doesn't know how to put his ideas across. 他不知道如何讲清楚自己的意思。

语法分析：副词作宾语补语，一起构成符合宾语。<巩固练习>

(1) She'll be here _____[direct].

(2) _____[great] disappointed. She went home.

(3) He is _____[slight] lame.

(4) I leave _____ work at six o'clock.

(5) The roses will come _____ next time.

(6) Some try to get _____ by making up the boss.

(7) She will carry these aims _____ to the end.

<参考练习>

(1) directly (2) Greatly (3) slightly (4) off (5) out (6) on (7) through

70.副词的比较级别

<例句>

He laughs best who laughs last.

谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。

<语法分析>

副词well的最高级best用来修饰动词laugh，副词最高级前多数不加定冠词the。与形容词一样，副词也有比较级和最高级形式。单音节词和少数双音节词可以加词尾的方法构成比较级和最高级，双音节词和多音节词大多以加more和most的方法构成比较级和最高级，此外，还有一些不规则的形式。副词的比较级和最高级除了一般用法外，大多可以用在一些特别的结构中。

<触类旁通>

(1) Try to do better next time.

下次争取干好一点。

语法分析：副词的比较级可以单独使用。

(2) She studied the subject further than I do.

这个问题她探究得比我深入。

语法分析：副词比较级可以和than一起使用。

(3) She reached the destination three days earlier than the others.

她比别人早三田到达目的地。

语法分析：副词比较级前有时可以有状语修饰。

(4) He went farther and farther away.

他越走越远。

语法分析：副词的比较级和最高级可以用在一些特殊的结构或短语中，如more and more,the more...the more,hadbetter,had best等。

(5) You ought to know better than to go out without an overcoat on such a cold day.

你应当懂得这样冷的天不穿大衣出去可不行。

语法分析：know better than to do something结构表示懂得不宜做某事。

<巩固练习>

(1) He used to be a radical and has thought _____[well]of it.

(2) The more I work,_____ I accomplish.

(3) Of these sports,I like rowing _____.

(4) She knows all this as _____[well] as I do.

(5) He works a lot _____[hard]than before.

(6) I go to Shanghai _____[frequently]than she does.

<参考答案>

(1) better (2) the more (3) most (4) well (5) harder (6) more frequently 71.副词的位置

<例句>

I'll come and see you tomorrow.

我明天来看你。

<语法分析>

多数副词都放在所修饰动词的后面，也可放在句子的末尾即宾语或状语的后面。有时句子宾语较长时，副词可放在主语和动词之间。有些说明性格和智力的副词，常放在动词前面。有些副词为了强调，可放在句首。频度副词通常放在动词前面，助动词后面或系动词be的后面。句子副词一般放在句首，有些副词位置很灵活，如only和even，可放在与它们意思最密切的词之前。

<触类旁通>

(1)They lived happily ever after.

他们从此过上了幸福的生活。

语法分析：多数副词都放在所修饰动词的后面。

(2)She looked at me suspiciously.

她用怀疑的眼光看着我。

语法分析：也可放在句子的末尾即宾语或状语的后面。

(3)She carefully picked up all the bits of broken glass.

她仔细地把碎玻璃都捡了起来。

语法分析：宾语较长时，副词可放在主语和动词之间，以免副词离动词太远。

(4)He kindly paid for us.

他慷慨地替大家付款。

语法分析：有些说明性格和智力的副词，常放在动词前面。

(5)They sometimes stay up all night.

他们有时彻夜不睡。

语法分析：频度副词通常放在动词前面。

(6)I have often thought of you.

我常想起你。

语法分析：频度副词常放在助动词后面。

(7)I wasn't much surprised.

我并不太吃惊。

语法分析：程度副词都放在所修饰词的前面。

<巩固练习>

(1)She _____ [angry]denied that she had stolen the documents.

(2)He _____[foolish]forgot his passport.

(3)_____[occasion]she came to see me.

(4)Sometimes I'm busy and _____ I'm not.

(5)You should certainly visit him _____[frequent]to cheer him up.

(6)She has reached a point _____ a change is needed.

(7)I wasn't _____ surprised.

<参考答案>

(1)angrily (2)foolishly (3)Occasionally (4)sometimes (5)frequently (6)where (7)much

72.关于副词的若干注意点

<例句>

I saw it clear.

我看得很清楚。

<语法分析>

在这个局子里，副词clear与clearly意思相同，在句子里的位置相同，二者可以互换。有些同源副词词义各异，所以不能互换。如果词义基本相同，但在句子里所处的位置不同，则二者不可以互换。两个同一性质的副词状语在一起时，单位大的一般要放在单位小的后面。大多数副词没有倾向性，但有些副词却含有积极意义或消极意义，这取决于它所在的语言环境。

<触类旁通>

(1)He is running round in the field.

他在场上兜圈子。

语法分析：round为“完全，绝对”，roundly为“严厉地”虽为同源副词，但意义不同。

(2)She doesn't talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.

她不在公共场所大声谈笑。

语法分析：loudly意为“大声地”和loud的意思相同，所以可用loud在相同位置替换loudly。

(3)He firmly supports us.

他坚定地支持我们。

语法分析：有些副词如与形容词筒形，位置在动词后，多在句末；如是ly结尾，多放在动词前面，所以在句中firm不可替换firmly。

(4)I'm going to start at nine tomorrow.

我明天九点出发。

语法分析：两个同一性质的副词状语在一起时，单位大的一般要放在单位小的后面。(5)The weather is rather cold today.

今天天气特别冷。

语法分析：rather和completely多与表示消极意义的词连用。

(6)She is perfectly satisfied with it.

她对此非常满意。

语法分析：entirely,fairly和perfectly多与表示积极意义的词连用。

<巩固练习>

(1)I feel _____ that you ought to send the servant away.

[A]strong[B]strongly [C]strength [D]strengthened

(2)Good ways of doing things mean saving time,and _____ it is neceessary for us to find them.

[A]still [B]however[C]therefore [D]otherwise

(3)I didn't expect the concert was _____ wonderful.

[A]as [B]more[C]most[D]very

(4)Having done four experiments without rest,the students were _____ out to go on with _____ one.

[A]so tired;the fifth [B]so tiring;the fifth [C]too given;the fifth[D]too worn;a fifth

(5)Her father often criticizes her ______ [round,roundly].

(6)These young men work _____ [hard,hardly].

(7)She _____ [hard,hardly]ever eats meat.

(8)He is _____[dead,deadly]asleep.

(9)I am _____[dead,deadly]tired.

(10)I _____[clean,cleanly]forgot about it.

(11)She went to bed _____[late,lately]last night.

(12)She is _____[closely,close]related to this club.

<参考答案>

(1)[B] (2)[C] (3)[A] (4)[D] (5)roundly (6)hard (7)hardly (8)dead (9)deadly (10)clean (11)late (12)closely

73.介词

<例句>

They found the baby already in the hands of a doctor.

他们发现那个小孩儿已有医生照顾。

<语法分析>

在这个句子中，介词和名词构成的介词短语作句子宾语的补足语。介词自己不能单独充当一个句子成分，它必须和其他的词构成短语来担任一个成分，能和介词构成短语的有名词、代词、动名词、其他介词或从句等。介词短语充当的句子成分包括状语、定语、表语或宾语补足语等。介词还可以和其他词构成成语动词以及介词成语。

<触类旁通>

(1)She has been there since Sunday.

从星期日起，她一直在那里。

语法分析：介词短语主要修饰谓语，充当句子的状语。

(2)I am used to a vegetarian diet.

我习惯于吃素食。

语法分析：“be+形容词”这样的结构常跟介词短语作状语。

(3)He seems to know the solution to the problem.

他似乎知道这个问题的解决方法。

语法分析：介词短语在句子里充当定语。

(4)The students are behind them and that's their strength.

学生们支持他们，这就是他们的力量所在。

语法分析：介词短语作表语。

(5)She always considers herself in the right.

她总认为自己是对的。

语法分析：介词短语作宾语的补语，一起构成复合宾语。

<巩固练习>

(1)A cold kept him _____ bed for four days.

(2)The poor boy was ______ tears.

(3)It's not _____ my power.

(4)Here is a cheque _____ $50.

(5)She is not so bad _____ bridge.

(6)I saw him _____ the street.

(7)I am sorry _____ the incident.

(8)Around the city were mountains covered _____ snow.

<参考答案>

(1)in (2)in (3)within (4)for (5)at (6)across(7)about (8)by

74.关于of...to do sth.和for...to do sth.

<例句>

It is careless of you to lose so much money.

你太粗心，掉了那么多钱。

<语法分析>

of...to do sth.用在句中作主语，可接形容词作表语。it作形式主语。而for...to do sth.除了在句子中作主语外，还可以作表语、宾语、定语和状语等，作主语时，其表语可以使形容词，

也可以是名词。有些形容词，如nice,right,wrong,good和wise等都可用于这两个结构中，但是意思有所差异。

<触类旁通>

(1)It's very kind of you to help me .

你帮助我真是太好了。

语法分析：of...to do sth.结构用在句中作主语。

(2)My suggestion is for you to do your homework.

我建议你去做家庭作业。

语法分析：for...to do sth.结构在句子中作表语。

(3)I'd like for you to come here.

我想还是你来这里好。

语法分析：for...to do sth.结构在句子中作宾语。

(4)He has a lot of work for you to do.

他有很多活要你来做。

语法分析：for...to do sth.结构在句子中作定语。

(5)He opened the door for the students to come in.

他开门让学生进来。

语法分析：for...to do sth.结构在句子中作状语。

(6)It is important for your teachers to attend today's meeting.

参加今天的会议对你的老师很重要。

语法分析：在for...to do sth.结构中，不定式的逻辑主语可以是人或物，也可以是引导词there。

(7)You are kind to lead the blind man across the road.

你真是好心人，把盲人引过马路。

语法分析：for...to do sth.结构中，后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词有逻辑上的主表关系。<巩固练习>

(1)It is impossible for you _____ [get] there in such a short time.

(2)It will be a mistake for me not _____[help] them.

(3)It is possible for us to spend three hours _____[complete]the composition.

(4)It will take three hours for us _____[complete]the composition.

(5)It is a good idea for the present _____[give] to her.

(6)It is a pity for there _____ any disagreement in the company.

(7)It is wrong of the hunter _____[kill] the monkey.

<参考答案>

(1)to get (2)to help (3) completing (4)to complete (5)to be given (6)to be (7)to kill

75.含进行意义的介词和含动词意义的介词

<例句>

They were at dinner when I called.

我打电话时他们正在吃饭。

<语法分析>

be+某些介词短语，在时态上相当于进行时，这些介词短语有be at sth.,be in sth.,be under sth.,be on sth.和be after sth.等。在与表示感情的形容词连用时，at可以代替“听”、“看”等动词。在与go,come和return等动词连用时，for可以代替后面表示“目的”的动词。for在与start,leave和set等词连用时，相当于汉语的“走”、“到”、“往”等意思。还有些介词短语可代替动词不定式短语，作定语。

<触类旁通>

(1)What are you at now?

你在干什么？

语法分析：be at sth.表示在干什么事情。

(2)Matter is always in motion.

事物时时刻刻在运动。

语法分析：be in sth.表示进行的事情。

(3)Chickens are on sale.

小鸡在出售。

语法分析：be+某些介词短语，在时态上相当于进行时。

(4)He was greatly surprised at the bad news.

他听到这个坏消息大吃一惊。

语法分析：在表示感情的形容词连用时，at可以代替“听”、“看”等动词。

(5)She is also invited to the hall.

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一、一 般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches， finish→finishes

1.高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”） 状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同） 考点1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich） 在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。 如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn. 考点2.谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： A.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. B.复合谓语： ①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. Has he come back? He did n’t attend the meeting yesterday. ②由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和 表语一起作谓语。如： We are student s. Your idea sounds great. 考点3.表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty-one. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点4.宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2.(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music. 6.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 考点5.宾语补足语 宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 1.His father named him Dongming.