祈使句-直接引语变间接引语

祈使句的直接引语变间接引语

在第一单元中我们学习了陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语的用法，本期主要讲解祈使句的直接引语变间接引语的用法。先看两个句子：

1. “Put your coat in the closet,”the landlord said to him.→ The landlord asked him to put his coat in the closet.

2. The father said to his children,“Don't move!”→The father t old his children not to move.

从以上两个句子可以看出：例句1是表示“请求”的口气；例句2是表示“命令”的口气。

由此看来，当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等转述动词，形成三种结构：①表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask sb. to do sth.; ②表示叫、吩咐某人做某事时用tell sb. to do sth.; ③表示命令某人做某事时用order sb. (not) to do sth.。例如：

①She said to us, “Please have a rest.” →She asked us to have a rest.

②The old man said, “Don't smoke in the hall.”→The old man told me not to smoke in the hall.

③The officer said, “Go away.” →The officer ordered us to go away.

注意：当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，因为祈使句表示“请求”、“命令”等口气，所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化。但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。例如：

One of the doctors said, “Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Bethune.”→ One of the doctors asked Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation.

不知道同学们注意到没有，该句直接引语中有个称呼语Dr. Bethune，一般把它当作宾语用。再如：

“Go and wash your face, Tom,” Mother said.→Mother told Tom to go and wash his face.

顺便提一下，祈使句的间接引语变直接引语也应该遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。例如：Wei Fang asked him to give it to her. →“Give it to me, please,” Wei Fang said to him.

只要同学们认真记住以上三种祈使句直接引语变间接引语的基本结构，相信同学们一定能学会祈使句的直接引语变间接引语。

小试牛刀：A)变下列直接引语为间接引语。

1.“Stop talking!”the monitor said to the class.

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2. “Repeat it three times,” the teacher said to her.

____________________________________

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3. “Will you buy some bread for me?” he said to her.

____________________________________

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4.“Don't take off your coat,” she said to her sister.

____________________________________

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5. “Stay here!” the officer said to the soldier.

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B)填空完成间接引语，每空一词。

6. “Don't forget to give the message to my wife,” he said to Li Ping.

He _______ Li Ping _______ _______ forget to give the message to _______ wife. 7. “Mum, please help me find my shirt,” he said.

He _______ his mother _______ help _______ find _______ shirt.

8. “Use your knife to cut the boots open,” the officer said to the guard.

The officer _______ the guard _______ _______ _______ knife to cut the boots open.

9. “Don't spend too much time on football!” Mother said to me.

Mother _______ me _______ _______ _______ too much time on football.

10. “Will you sleep and get up early, children?” Father said.

Father _______ the children _______ _______ and _______ up early.

C)单项选择。

11. “Don't worry about me,” she _______ her sister.

A. said to

B. referred to

C. thanked to

D. spoke

12. “ _______help me with my English?”she said.

A. Shall we

B. Do you

C. Could you

D. Might you

13. She told me _______ a noise in the hall.

A. don't make

B. not to make

C. make not to

D. to make not

14. Martin _______ his dog to lie down under the big tree.

A. made

B. had

C. promised

D. ordered

15. His father asked the boy, “ _______are doing this for?”

A. What; you

B. Which; you

C. Where; we

D. Why; we

Key:

A) 1. The monitor told the class to stop talking. 2. The teacher asked her to repeat it three times. 3. He asked her to buy some bread for him. 4. She asked her sister not to take off her coat. 5. The officer ordered the soldier to stay there.

B) 6. told; not to; his 7. asked; to; him; his 8. ordered; to use his 9. told; not to spend

10. asked; to sleep; get

C)11—15 ACBDA

DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH

直接引语与间接引语

（1）引述别人的原话称为直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话，称为间接引语。它们都是复合句中的宾语从句。

直接引语要放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词连接于主句。转换时应注意：

A．引用的原话是陈述句，改为间接引语时，通常用连词that引导宾语从句，还要根据意思适当改变人称，时态以及时间状语，地点状语等。当主语的谓语

动词是现在时，宾语从句中的动词时态不变；当主句的谓语动词是过去时态

时，则宾语从句中的动词时态应作相应的改变。

时态的改变

动词，指示代词，状语的改变（略）

（2）引述的是疑问句时，变为间接引语时，一般疑问句用whether 或if来引导，选择疑问句只能用whether，特殊疑问句用原来的疑问词。不论一般或特殊疑问句，变间接引语时，通常按原陈述句的语序，即把动词放在主语的后面。

“Are you feeling better today?” the doctor asked my sister.

The doctor asked my sister if she was feeling better that day?

“Is this book yours or his?” She asked me.

She asked me whether that book was mine or his.(只能用whether)

He asked me ,“Why didn’t you come here yesterday?”

He asked me why I hadn’t gone there th e day before.

(3)引用的原句如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，句字的谓语动词要用含有祈使意义

的动词如tell, ask, order(命令)。引语的动词要改为不定式。如果祈使句是否定形

式，在动词不定式前加not.

He said to me,“Tell me something about the film.”

He asked me to tell him something about the film.

The teacher said to the students,“Don’t open your books.”

The teacher told the students not to open their books.

Exercises

1.Paul said,“It is high time we left the place.”

2.He said,“If what you said is true I must go to the police.”

3.He said,“After the lecture I had to rush home.”

4.Mary said,“When I saw them last they were listening to the recording.”

5.“I am starting the work the day after tomorrow,” Mike said.

6.

1.1）当直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语通常用that引导，that也可以省略。当直接引语是一般疑

问句时，间接引语要用if或whether引导，且疑问语序要变成陈述语序。当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导，且疑问语序要变成陈述语序。

(2) 若主句是过去时态，则间接引语也要是过去时态。

(3) 要根据实际情况将人称作相应的改变。

如：

He said, “I am a teacher.” (直接引语)

He said that he was a teacher.(间接引语)

He asked me, “Are you a teacher?” (直接引语)

He asked me if / whether I was a teacher. (间接引语)

He asked me, “What are you doing?” (直接引语)

He asked me what I was doing. (间接引语)

一、如何变人称：

学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with h er.

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr Smith said。"Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。

二、如何变时态：

直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。

现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：

1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen

2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.

3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. →The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on Ap ril 20, 1980。

④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：

Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that da y。

三、如何变状语：

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：n ow变为then, yesterday。变为the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：

He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.

四、如何变句型：

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, "Our b us will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if 引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→She asked me when they had their dinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如：

"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not t o make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring he r a cup of tea.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：

He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that t hey should go to see the film.

先看Unit 1 Grammar (Direct and Indirect Speech) 中的两个句子:

1)“I like reading adventure stories,”said John. 变为：John said that he liked reading adventure stories.

2)“How can you do that?”Mary said to Ann. 变为：Mary asked Ann how she could do that.

以上这两个句子是陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语的例子。那么，同学们应该怎样把直接引语变为间接引语呢？下面就陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语进行简要讲解。

因为直接引语变为间接引语是转述他人所说的话，所以主句的动词、从句的人称、从句动词的时态、时间状语等要根据实际情况进行相应的变化。

一、主句动词的变化

一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或said to，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said变为said (that)，而said to sb.则变为told sb.。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要变为asked / asked sb.+ if / whether或asked sb.+ what等特殊疑问词引导的句子。例如：

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”→Mr. Black said that he was busy.

“I'll go to your farm tomorrow,”he said to her. →He told her that he would go to her farm the next day.

He said, “Are you ready?”→He asked (us) if / whether we were ready.

He said, “What do you want to do?”→He asked what I wanted to do.

二、从句人称的变化

由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。例如：

①They said, “We will go there by bus.”→They said they would go there by bus.

②She said to me, “Are you interested in science?”→She asked me if I was interested in science.

③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.”→His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.

三、从句动词时态的变化

1. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如：

He says, “I have finished my homework.”→He says that he has finished his homework.

She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.”→She will say that she'll do it the next day.

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。①一般现在时→一般过去时；②一般过去时→过去完成时；③现在进行时→过去进行时；④现在完成时→过去完成时；⑤过去完成时→过去完成时（不变）；⑥一般将来时→过去将来时。例如：

The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.”→The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.

He said to me, “I am writing a letter.”→He told me that he was writing a letter.

3. 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。例如：

The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.

四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词的变化为this→that，these→those等；时间状语的变化为now →then，today→that day，yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等；地点状语的变化为here→there；动词的变化为come→go。例如：

1. She said, “I will come this evening.”→She said that she would go that evening.

2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.”→He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.

小试牛刀：A)将下列句子由直接引语变为间接引语。

1. “I am very happy to visit your factory,”he said.

2. “He was here a few weeks ago, and he came again yesterday,”she said.

3. She said to me, “Will you go with me?”

4. He said, “What do you think of the novel?”

B)填空完成间接引语，每空填一词。

5. Jones said, “I visited Australia last year.”

Jones said that _______ _______ _______ Australia _______ _______ _______ .

6. Shirley asked Mary, “Are you from America?”

Shirley asked Mary _______ _______ _______ from America.

7. He said, “What are you doing over here?”

He asked _______ _______ _______ doing over _______ .

8. I asked her, “Who bought you this new bicycle?”

I asked her _______ had bought _______ _______ new bicycle.

Key:

A) 1. He said that he was very happy to visit our factory. 2. She said that he had been there a few weeks before, and that he had gone again the day before. 3. She asked me if / whether I would go with her. 4. He asked me what I thought of the novel. B) 5. she had visited; the year before 6. if / whether she was 7. what I was; there 8. who; her that

语法：直接引语与间接引语

本单元主要学习陈述句的直接引语转变为间接引语的方法。在转变时常由从属连词that（在口语中可省去）引导，引述动词常用say, tell等，间接引语中须有下列一些变化：

1)人称的变化，如：

“I'm tired”, he said.“我累了。”他说道。

→He said he was tired.他说他累了。

2)指示代词的变化。this通常改为that, these通常改为those等。如：

“You may have this book,”said the librarian, “for one week.”

“这本书”，图书管理员说道，“你可以借一个星期。”

→The librarian said that I might have that book for one week.

图书管理员说那本书我可以借一个星期。

3)时间状语的变化。last night, now, three days ago, tomorrow 通常依次改为the

night before, then, three days before, the next day/ the following day等。如：

She said, “I saw him last night.”她说：“我昨晚看见他了。”

→She said that she had seen him the night before.

她说她在前一天晚上看见他了。

He said, “Now I live in London.”他说：“现在我住在伦敦。”

→He said that then he lived in London. 他说他那时住在伦敦。

He said, “I saw her three days ago.”他说：“我在三天前看见她了。”

→He said that he had seen her three days before. 他说他在三天前看见她了。

4)地点状语的变化。here 通常改为there。如：

He said, “She arrived here yesterday.”他说：“她昨天到了此地。”

→He said that she had arrived there the day before. 他说她前一天到了那里。

5)时态的变化。引述动词如属过去时态，间接引语的时态则一般须有相应的变化。这就是所谓的时态的呼应。

a) 现在时态变为过去时态。如：

He said, “I'm sorry.”他说：“对不起。”

→He said he was sorry. 他说对不起。

He said, “You haven't changed much.”他说：“你没多大变化。”

→He said that I hadn't changed much. 他说我没多大变化。

She said, “He has been waiting.”她说：“他一直在等着呢。”

→She said he had been waiting. 她说他一直在等着。

b)过去时态变为过去完成时态，如：

He said, “The man came at six.”他说：“那人是6点钟来的。”

→He said that the man had come at six. 他说那人是6点钟来的。

He said, “When I got home, my mother was cooking.”

他说：“昨天我到家的时候妈妈在做饭。”

→He said that yesterday when he had got home, his mother had been cooking.

他说昨天他到家的时候，他妈妈正在做饭。

c)将来时态变为过去将来时态，如：

She said, “He will come late.”她说：“他要迟到了。”

→She said he would come late. 她说他要迟到了。

He said, “I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.”

他说：“我将在这个周末前读完此书。”

→He said that he would have finished reading the book by the end of that week.

他说他将在那个周末前读完那本书。

注意：在下列一些句子中，时态保持不变。

“The earth moves around the sun,”the teacher told us.

“地球绕太阳转。”老师告诉我们说。

→The teacher told us that the sun moves around the sun.

老师告诉我们说地球绕太阳旋转。（间接引语仍用现在一般时，因为间接引语说的是客观真理）

“The meeting is to be held next Tuesday”he said.

“会议于下个星期二举行。”他说道。

→He said that the meeting is to be held next Tuesday.

他说会议于下个星期二举行。（间接引语仍用现在一般时，因为间接引语所说的情况在说话人说话时仍旧存在）

He told me, “I will go with you tomorrow.”

他告诉我说，“我明天将和你一起去。”

→He told me that he would go with me tomorrow.

他告诉我说他明天将和我一起去。（间接引语仍用将来一般时，因为间接引语所说的情况在说话时仍是有效的）

先看Unit 1 Grammar (Direct and Indirect Speech) 中的两个句子:

1)“I like reading adventure stories,”said John. 变为：John said that he liked reading adventure stories.

2)“How can you do that?”Mary said to Ann. 变为：Mary asked Ann how she could do that.

以上这两个句子是陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语的例子。那么，同学们应该怎样把直接引语变为间接引语呢？下面就陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语进行简要讲解。

因为直接引语变为间接引语是转述他人所说的话，所以主句的动词、从句的人称、从句动词的时态、时间状语等要根据实际情况进行相应的变化。

一、主句动词的变化

一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或said to，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是陈述句时，said变为said (that)，而said to sb.则变为told sb.。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要变为asked / asked sb.+ if / whether或asked sb.+ what等特殊疑问词引导的句子。例如：

Mr. Black said, “I'm busy.”→Mr. Black said that he was busy.

“I'll go to your farm tomorrow,”he said to her. →He told her that he would go to her farm the next day.

He said, “Are you ready?”→He asked (us) if / whether we were ready.

He said, “What do you want to do?”→He asked what I wanted to do.

二、从句人称的变化

由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。①直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。②如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。③如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。例如：

①They said, “We will go there by bus.”→They said they would go there by bus.

②She said to me, “Are you interested in science?”→She asked me if I was interested in science.

③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.”→His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.

三、从句动词时态的变化

1. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语从句的时态保持不变。例如：

He says, “I have finished my homework.”→He says that he has finished his homework.

She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.”→She will say that she'll do it the next day.

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态则应是与主句时态相应的过去时态。①一般现在时→一般过去时；②一般过去时→过去完成时；③现在进行时→过去进行时；④现在完成时→过去完成时；⑤过去完成时→过去完成时（不变）；⑥一般将来时→过去将来时。例如：

The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.”→The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.

He said to me, “I am writing a letter.”→He told me that he was writing a letter.

3. 直接引语如果是客观事实或真理，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。例如：

The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.

四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词的变化为this→that，these→those等；时间状语的变化为now →then，today→that day，yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等；地点状语的变化为here→there；动词的变化为come→go。例如：

1. She said, “I will come this evening.”→She said that she would go that evening.

2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.”→He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.

小试牛刀：A)将下列句子由直接引语变为间接引语。

1. “I am very happy to visit your factory,”he said.

2. “He was here a few weeks ago, and he came again yesterday,”she said.

3. She said to me, “Will you go with me?”

4. He said, “What do you think of the novel?”

B)填空完成间接引语，每空填一词。

5. Jones said, “I visited Australia last year.”

Jones said that _______ _______ _______ Australia _______ _______ _______ .

6. Shirley asked Mary, “Are you from America?”

Shirley asked Mary _______ _______ _______ from America.

7. He said, “What are you doing over here?”

He asked _______ _______ _______ doing over _______ .

8. I asked her, “Who bought you this new bicycle?”

I asked her _______ had bought _______ _______ new bicycle.

Key:

A) 1. He said that he was very happy to visit our factory. 2. She said that he had been there a few weeks before, and that he had gone again the day before. 3. She asked me if / whether I would go with her. 4. He asked me what I thought of the novel. B) 5. she had visited; the year before 6. if / whether she was 7. what I was; there 8. who; her that

直接引语和间接引语

B. 1. He often says “ I shall tell you about them.”

He often tells me that _____ will tell _____ about ______.

A. I…you…them

B. he…me…them

C. he…you…us

D. I…me…you

C. 2. You must say to her, “ I depend on you and him .”

You must tell her that _____ depend on ____ and _____.

A. I...you...him B. she...you...me C. you...her...him D. you...me (i)

A. 3. I shall tell him, “ I have written to you and her twice.”

I shall tell him that _____ have written to _____ and ______ twice.

A. I…him…her

B. you…him…her

C. I …you…me

D. you…me…her

D. 4. Jack said to me,” You look worried today.”

Jack told me that _____ worried _____.

A. he looks…today

B. you look…today

C. we looked…that day

D. I looked…that day

C 5. We said to her,” They’re walking through the street now.”

We told her that _____ through the street ______.

A. we were walking…then

B. you are walking…now

C .they were walking…then D. they walking…now

B.6. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”

Mr Black said that ______ a long way _____.

A. I had walked…last week

B. he had walked…that week

C. I walked…last week

D. he has walked…this week

B.7. Mrs Johnson said,” I drew the picture last week.”

Mrs Johnson said that _____ the picture _____.

A. she drew…the week before

B. I had drawn …that week

C. she had drawn …the week before

D. I drew …the last week

A.8. You said to me,” I had thought it over before you asked.”

You told me that you ______it over before _____.

A. had thought…I asked

B. had thought…you had asked

C. had had thought…I asked

D. thought…you had asked

D.9. The man thought,” I shall take it back tomorrow.”

The man thought that ____ take it back _____.

A. I shall…tomorrow

B. I shall…the next day

C. he should…tomorr ow

D. he would …the next day

D.10.They said to us, “ Are you afraid to leave this house ?”

They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house.

A. that were we…this

B. that we were…that

C. if were we …this

D. if we were…that

A.11. “Do you know English ?” he asked.

He asked if _______English.

A. I knew

B. you know

C. he knew

D. I know

C.12.He said, “Do I have anything to do with her ?”

He asked ____ anything to do with _____>

A. if did he have …me

B. if he had…me

C. whether he had…her

D. whether he had…her

B.13.I said to Jenny, “Are you getting on well with him now ?”

I asked Jenny _____ getting on well with him ____.

A. whether was she …then

B. if she was …then

C. how was I …now

D. how I was …now

A.14. The teacher asked, “ Has she read enough this week ?”

The teacher asked ____ read enough ____ week.

A. if she had…that

B. whether she has …this

C. if had she…that

D. whether has she …this

D.15. Jane said, “ What did he hear about a week ago ?”

Jane asked ____ about _____.

A. that he heard…a week ago

B. if he heard…the week ago

C. what he had herd… a week ago

D. what he had heard…the week before

B.16. People said, “ Who had they taken away when it got dark?”

People asked who______ taken away when it _____dark.

A. had they …got

B. they had…got

C. had they had…had got

D. they had had…had got

D.17. She asked,” Whose house will he break into next time ?”

She asked whose house ____ break into _____.

A. will he…next time

B. would he…the next time

C. he will…next time

D. he would…the next time

C.18. Jack said to her ,”Where do you spend your holidays ?”

Jack asked her where ____ holidays.

A. she spend her

B. you spend your

C. she spent her

D. you spent your

A.19.Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you left here yet ?”

Black asked me why ____ yet.

A. I hadn’t left there

B. I haven’t left here

C. hadn’t I left there

D. haven’t I left here

B.20.The teacher asked her, “|Does the sun rise in the east ?”

The teacher asked her ____ the sun ____ in the east.

A. if…rise

B. if…rises

C. whether…rose

D. whether did …rise

C.21. The man said to me, “Please send for a doctor now !”

The man ____ me _____ for a doctor.

A. ordered…to send…then

B. told …send…now

C. asked…to send…then

D. asked…send…now

D.22. The mother said, “Be friendly to others , son.”

The mother ______ friendly to others.

A. asked her son be

B. ordered her son to be

C. told her son be

D. told her son to be

C.23. I said to my daughter, ”Don’t make any mistakes in it .”

I _____ my daughter +_____ any mistakes in it.

A. asked…don’t make

B. ordered…didn’t make

C. told…not to make

D. told…to not make

B.24. He said, “Mr Black , introduce yourself to them, please.”

He ______ Mr Black ____ to them.

A. asked…to introduce yourself

B. asked…to introduce himself

C. told…introduce yourself

D. ordered…introduce himself

D.25. The teacher said to the boys ,”Pay attention to this.”

The teacher _____ the boys _____ attention to ______.

A. asked…pay…this

B. ordered…to pay…this

C. told…pay…that

D. told…to pay…that

A.26. The man shouted,” You don’t make so much noise.”

The man ____ too much noise.

A. ordered them not to make

B. told you not to make

C. asked them to not make

D. shouted you to not make

C.27. The captain said,” Take hold of this end, man !”

The captain ____ the soldier ____ hold of +_____ end.

A. asked…to take…that

B. asked…take…this

C. ordered…to take…that

D. ordered…take…this

B.28. The mother said,” Doctor, please save my son.”

The mother _____ son.

A. asked doctor save my

B. asked the doctor to save her

C. told doctor save my

D. told the doctor to save her

A.29. He said to the soldiers,” Put down your guns at once.”

He _____ the soldiers ____ down ____ guns at once.

A. ordered…to put…their

B. told…to put…their

C. ordered…put…your

D. told…put…your

B.30. She said that she ____ there for a long time.

A. has lived

B. had lived

C. lived

D. was living

C.31. Tom told me that he _____.

A. will help me with my geography

B. will help me for my geography

C. would help me with my geography

D. would help me for my geography

B.32. She told me that her mother ____ for several days.

A. has been ill

B. had been ill

C. is ill

D. was ill

D.33. Please tell me ____ these books you like best.

A. what

B. what of

C. which

D. which of

B.34. He asked me _____ my home was.

A. what

B. where

C. which

D. when

D.35. “_____?” she asked her son.

A. Where you have been

B. Where you went

C. Where had you been

D. Where have you been

D.36. The boy said,” I don’t like dancing.”

The boy said ____ like dancing.

A. I don’t

B. he doesn’t

C. I didn’t

D. that he didn’t

C.37. She said to me, “ I’m living in a small village now “

A. She said to me she is living in a small village now

B. She said to me that I am living in a small village now

C. She told me that she was living in a small village then

D. She told me that she lived in a small village then.

B.38. The children said,” We had a football match today.”

The children said____ a football match _____.

A. they had…today

B. they had had…that day

C. we had…today

D. we had had…that day

A.39. The students said,” We have finished cleaning our classroom.”

The students said _____ cleaning _____ classroom.

A. they had finished…their

B. they finished…their

C. they have finished…their

D. we had finished…our

C.40 “If you aren’t here on time tomorrow.” Mr Black said to Jenny, “ I’ll write your parents about this .”

Mr Black told Jenny that _______.

A.he will write to her parents about this if she isn’t here on time tomorrow.

B.he would write to her parents about this if she wasn’t her on time the next day.

C.he would write to her parents about that if she wasn’t there on time th e next day.

D.he was going to write to her parents about that if she wasn’t there on time the next day.

B.41.The boy often says, “ I’m going to be a player when I grow up.”

The boy often says ____ be a player when _____.

A. he was going to…he grew up

B.he is going to…he grows up

C. he would…he grew up

D. I was going to…I grew up

C.42. The teacher said to us, “Light travels much faster than sound.”

The teacher said to us that light ____ much faster than sound.

A. will travel

B. traveled

C. travels

D. was traveling

A.43. “My brother joined the army in 1978.” Said Wei Fang.

Wei Fang said that her brother ____ the army in 1978.

A. joined

B. had joined

C. would join

D. joins

D.44.My friend said,” You needn’t go”

A. My friend said that I needn’t go

B. My friend told me not to go

C. My friend told you not to go

D. My friend said that I didn’t have to go

D.45. “Are you going to your home town this summer ?” he said.

A.He told me that I was going to my home town this summer.

B.He said that if I was going to my home town that summe

C.He asked me whether was I going to his home town this summer

D.He asked me if I was going to my home town that summer.

直接引语变间接引语[超级经典归纳]知识讲解

直接引语变间接引语[超级经典归纳]

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句） 一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。 直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语， 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。 He said, “ I’m a student.” （直接引语）→ He said that he was a student. （间接引语） 主句从句主句从句 二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化. （一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 ★（二）．时态变化 宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。

3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth." Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth. (三)．时间状语变化 ★(四)．连接词 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。

2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他 注意： 1. 语序不变的有：What’ the matter with you? What’s wrong with you? 但What’s the trouble with you?的语序要变 1）从句中有or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。 2.只用 whether 2）与不定式to do 连用。例：I can’t decide whether to tell him the news 3) 在介词后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house 用法是有区别的，但当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选whether ★3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。

高一2单元-祈使句的直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语的转化—祈使句 一.在第一单元中我们学习了陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语的用法，本期主要讲解祈使句的直接引语变间接引语的用法。先看两个句子： 1.“Could you spell that word?”the teacher said to him. → The teacher asked him to spell that word.（请求语气） 2. The father said to his children,“Don't move!” →The father told his children not to move. （命令语气） 由此看来，当我们把直接引语中的祈使句变为间接引语时，通常要变成ask, invite，tell，order，suggest,advise，request，warm，beg，command，encourage 等转述动词，再加上动词不定式（not）to do的形式。其中主要的三种常用结构为： ^ 1.表示（请求,邀请）某人做某事时用ask sb.（not） to do sth. 注意：一般祈使句中有“please”,Would you....?，Can I....? She said to us, “Please have a rest.” →She asked us to have a rest. He said,“would you like to go shopping with me？” →He asked me to go shopping with him. （ Jim said to his deskmate,“Can I borrow your ruler？” →Jim asked his deskmate if he could borrow her\his ruler. 2.表示（命令，吩咐）某人做某事时用tell sb.（not） to do sth. 注意：一般祈使句中有“Don't，或动词原形开头，没有please. The old man said, “Don't smoke in the hall.” →The old man told me not to smoke in the hall.

直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况

直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况 1、陈述句变成间接引语 （1）“I am a teacher" she said.? She said that she was a teacher.? “You don't tell her my telephone number" he said.? He said (that) I didn't tell her his telephone number.? 要注意时态的变化? 一般现在时变成一般过去时。? 一般过去时变成过去完成时，? 现在完成时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将来时，? this 变成that these变成those, here 变成there ,today 变成that day, yesterday 变成the day before, tomorrow 变成next day, the day after tomorrow变成in two days' time，now 变成then等等。? 2、将一般疑问句变成间接引语? 在这样的句子中要加“if" “是否”的意思。? （1)"Are you a student?"? She asked me if I was a student.她问我是否是一位学生。? 将原来的疑问句放在if 后面,但语顺变成肯定式的语顺。另外还可以用whether 来表示。? She asked me whether I was a student.?

(2) "Did you finish your work yesterday?"? He asked me if I have finished my work the day before.? 3.将特殊疑问句变成间接引语? "What time is it?"? He asked me what time it was.? "When will you go to town?"? He asked me when would I go to town.? 在这样的句子里除疑问词放在间接引语的前面外，后面也是陈述句的语序。? 注意，间接引语中的that 可以省略。? 一、如何变人称：? 下面有一句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：? She said. "My brother wants to go with me.”→She said her brother wanted to go with her.? “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：? He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked

直接引语变间接引语口诀

直接引语变间接引语口诀 在初中英语中直接引语变为间接引语对于学生们来说也是一个难点，因为需要变化的内容很多，这儿有一个关于直接引语变间接引语的口诀，帮助大家来记忆。 直接引语变间接引语口诀： 直引若是一般问，变间if\whether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。 直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。 直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 told\asked\ordered,根据口气来选定。 告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句, not to do后边行。 直接引语变间接引语的人称变化: 一主二宾三不变. 直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。 附直接引语变间接引语的详细介绍： 直接引语就是直接引用别人的话，并把它放在引号内；间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，不加引号。直接引语变成间接引语时，间接引语通常以宾语从句的形式出现。直接引语变成间接引语时还要注意人称的变化、时态的变化、指示代词的变化、时间状语的变化及地点状语的变化。 1. 直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语的方法 如果直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，由连词that引导（在口语中that常省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody （对某人说），通常变为tell somebody （告诉某人）。 He said, “I get on well with people here.” →He said that he got on well with people there. Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”

祈使句-直接引语变间接引语

祈使句的直接引语变间接引语 在第一单元中我们学习了述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语的用法，本期主要讲解祈使句的直接引语变间接引语的用法。先看两个句子： 1. “Put your coat in the closet,”the landlord said to him.→ The landlord asked him to put his coat in the closet. 2. The father said to his children,“Don't move!”→The father to ld his children not to move. 从以上两个句子可以看出：例句1是表示“请求”的口气；例句2是表示“命令”的口气。 由此看来，当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等转述动词，形成三种结构：①表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask sb. to do sth.; ②表示叫、吩咐某人做某事时用tell sb. to do sth.; ③表示命令某人做某事时用order sb. (not) to do sth.。例如： ①She said to us, “Please have a rest.” →She asked us to have a rest. ②The old man said, “Don't smoke in the hall.”→The old man told me not to smoke in the hall. ③The officer said, “Go away.” →The officer ordered us to go away. 注意：当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，因为祈使句表示“请求”、“命令”等口气，所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化。但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等的变化还应根据述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。例如： One of the doctors said, “Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Bethune.”→ One of the doctors asked Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation. 不知道同学们注意到没有，该句直接引语中有个称呼语Dr. Bethune，一般把它当作宾语用。再如： “Go and wash your face, Tom,” Mother said.→Mother told Tom to go and wash his face. 顺便提一下，祈使句的间接引语变直接引语也应该遵循述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。例如： Wei Fang asked him to give it to her. →“Give it to me, please,” Wei Fang said to him. 只要同学们认真记住以上三种祈使句直接引语变间接引语的基本结构，相信同学们一定能学会祈使句的直接引语变间接引语。 小试牛刀：A)变下列直接引语为间接引语。

间接引语变直接引语练习

句型变换：（直接引语、间接引语） 姓名： 一、把直接引语改写成间接引语。 1、郑洁悄悄地告诉小勇说：“这件事是我和小刚一起做的。” 2、志愿军战士深情地说：“老妈妈，难道我们会把您忘怀吗？” 3、王飞对李林说：”请你回去时给个信给我妈，说我今天稍微迟一些回家。” 4、王宁说：“我要像李永那样关心集体。” 5、老师对小明说：“我看了你的作文很满意。” 6、小军在电话中对我说：“下个月我一定到你那儿玩。” 7、他想了想说：“我们哪里有近道，还不是和你们一条道。” 8、贝多芬说：“不，我是来弹一首曲子给这位姑娘听的。” 9、爸爸对我说：“今晚我要开会，你和妈妈早点吃饭，别等我。” 10、周瑜长叹一声，说：“诸葛亮神机妙算，我真不如他。”

11、山姆握着珊迪的手说：“我会永远照顾你的。” 12、张林告诉我：“要是星期日下雨，我们就不去看电影。” 13、贝多芬说：“我是来弹一首曲子给这位姑娘听的。” 14、小红说：“今天下午学校组织到野外活动，我必须参加。” 15、王宁说：“我要像李宁那样关心集体。” 16、雨来摇摇头说：“我在屋里什么也没看见。” 17、李楠小声告诉我：“我家在少年宫附近。” 18、小姑娘说：“我要去北京，我要去看看北京的名胜古迹。” 19、老师对王芳说：“学校让你明天出席小学生座谈会。” 20、妈妈对我说：“你今天晚上不能看电视。” 21、爸爸说：“今天晚上你和妈妈先吃饭，我有事。”

22、一个同学对我说：“借我一只笔。” 23、我看祖父还在笑，就说：“你不信，我到屋里拿来给你看。” 25、爸爸感冒了，他说：“明天我要去医院看病。” 26、他说：“我明天去电影院看电影。” 27、姐姐对我说：“你说得对，我就这样做。” 28、张童对我说：“我一定要坚持长跑锻炼。” 29、雷锋对大嫂说：“我送你一程吧！” 30、老师解释说：“梦里飞行，说明你们是在长身体呀。”

直接引语变间接引语的用法

2014望子成龙学校暑假班八年级英语讲义 直接引语变间接引语的用法 She said. "My brother wants to go with me."(直接引语，即直接用“”把说话者所说的话引用) She said her brother wanted to go with her.（间接引语，即通过说话人与听话人之外的人称也就是第三人称转述成一个宾语从句） 一、如何变人称:下面有一句顺口溜“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”。 He said to me . "My brother wants to go with me."（He said .为主句，he 为主句的主语;me 为主句的宾语，"My brother wants to go with me."为直接引语，将要变成间接引语即宾语从句） “一随主”是指在直接引语中有第一人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时，变成间接引语要变成与主句中主语的人称相应的代词。如： He said. "My brother wants to go with me ." →He said his brother wanted to go with him. 说明：①my 是直接引语中的一人称单数的形容词性物主代词，所以变成间接引语要变成与主句he said 中的主语he 相一致的形容词性物主代词，即his;②me 是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词宾格，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he said 中的主语he 一致的人称代词宾格,即him “二随宾”是指直接引语中有第二人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时，变成间接引语要变成与主句中宾语的人称相应的代词。如： He says to Kate. "I am your sister ?" →He tells Kate he is her sister 。 说明：①I 是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词主格，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he says to Kate 中的主语he 相一致的人称代词主格，即he;②your 是直接引语中的二人称单数的形容词性物主代词，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he says to Kate 中宾语Kate 一致的形容词性物主代词，即her. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语中的三人称的代词变成间接引语时不需要改变人称。如： Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker 。"→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker 。（Jack 是三人称，变成间接引语时依然是Jack 。） 二、如何变时态： 1、当主句为一般现在时，直接引语变成间接引语的时态不变，依然用直接引语的时态。如： Lily says to us,"I will go to America with you "→Lily tells us that she will go to America with us. 2、当主句为一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语的时态要做相应的调整，用成相应的过去时态。如： 1) She said. "I have lost a pen." →She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. "We hope so." →She said they hoped so.

直接引语改为间接引语的变化

直接引语改为间接引语的变化 1.人称的变化。其规律为：一从主，二从宾，三不变。具体为： （1）如果直接引语的主语是第一人称，变化时，该人称与主句的主语保持一致。 如：Mary said, “I want to forget the past.”→ Mary said (that)she wanted to forget the past. （2）如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变化时，该人称与主句的宾语保持一致。 如：He said to me,“Do you want to ask about the lab?” → He asked me if I wanted to ask about the lab. （3）如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，变化时，该人称保持不变。 如：Jim said ,“They are going to do their homework..”→ Jim said (that) they were going to do their homework. 2.时态的变化。 （1）如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句原有时态保持不变。 如：Mary says,“I we nt to see the movie yesterday.” →Mary says that she went to see the movie yesterday.” （2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态会有以下变化(科学事实、自然规律除外)。 a.一般现在时→一般过去时 b.一般将来时→过去将来时 c.现在进行时→过去进行时 d.一般过去时→过去完成时 e.现在完成时→过去完成时。也就是说要落后一个时态。 3.直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及动词都会发生相应的变化，变 4.各种句型的直接引语改为间接引语的方法。 （1）.陈述句改为间接引语时，常用动词said, told，连词that,多被省略。 如：Ben said, “I won’t go to Marcia’s house on Friday night.”→ Ben said (that)he wouldn’t go to Marcia’s house on Friday night. Lana said to me,“I’m not mad at you anymore.” → Lana told me(that)she wasn’t mad at me anymore. （2）.一般疑问句常用if或whether来将其改为间接引语（选择疑问句只能用whether），常用ask来引述，可以加间接宾语。语序为陈述语序。 如：She said,“Could I copy your homework?” → She asked (me)if/whether she could copy my homework. She said,“Is this book yours or hers?” →

直接引语变间接引语练习题(整理)

直接引语变间接引语练习题 A.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。that在口语中可省略例如： She said, "I am very happy to help you."→She said that she was very happy to help you. The teacher said to us, “ The earth goes around the sun.”The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun . 1. She said , “I’m going to the market.”She said . 2. Lily and Lucy said, “ We’re preparing for our exam these days.” Lily and Lucy said ____________ . 3.Amy said , “ I usually go to school by bike.” Amy said _______ ________ usually ________ to school by bike. 4. “This new desk is mine,” Sally said. Sally said . 5. Billy said , “ I’m reading my storybook.”Billy said . 6. Jack says, “ My flight leaves at 9:00 this morning.”Jack says flight _________ at 9:00 this morning. 7．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”The teacher said. 8．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”My father said . 9. Lily said to me , “ I was born in a small village.”Lily me . 10. John says , “ I like playing football very much.”John says . B. 直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如： He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. 注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前， 或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如： She asked me whether he could do it or not. He hesitated(犹豫) about whether to drive or take the train. 1. He said, “ Are you from Beijing?” He asked . 2. The girl asked , “ Can you mend the computer for me ?” The girl asked . 3.“ Are you interested in this ?” he said. He ______ ______ I ______ interested in _______. 4. Yesterday my teacher asked me,“ Do you find it difficult to learn English? Yesterday my teacher aske me . 5. The girl asked, “ Can you mend the computer for me ?” The girl asked . 6.“ Will you go to the concert with me this evening ?” Mary asked me. Mary asked me . 7.. “ Do you like drawing?” Lucy asks me .Lucy asks me . 8.. “ Is she singing ?” I asked. I asked . C. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。eg, My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→My sister asked me how I liked the film. 1．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked. The young man asked . 2．The tea cher asked, “How do you repair it?”The teacher asked . 3. “What are you doing here ?” the old man asked my brother. The old man asked my brother . 4.“ Where does she live?” the old man asked. The old man asked _______________________________ 5.“ Where do you come from ?” Li Ming asked me . Li Ming asked me . 6.“ What is the matter with you , Sally？”asked the teacher. The teacher asked Sally _____________________ . 7.“ What are you doing now?” Tony asks me . Tony asks me __________ . 8. “ Why are you late again?” The teacher asked Tom . The teacher asked Tom _________ . 9.“ Where will you go ?” Daming asked me . Daming asked me _ . D. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如： The captain ordered(命令), "Be quiet."→The captain ordered us to be quiet. 注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。 My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→My teacher asked me not to laugh. 1. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”The mother . 2. The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”The teacher __ .

直接引语和间接引语用法及练习(含答案)

直接引语和间接引语 直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。 人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：―一主、二宾、三不变‖。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。 例如： 1) He said, ―I am glad to see you.‖→He said that he was glad to see me. 2) ―Do you know the man over there?‖ Mary said to Tom. →Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there. 3) Jim said to me, ―Jane left her schoolbag at home.‖ →Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home. 2、时态的变化 （1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时过去将来时 一般将来进行时过去将来进行时 一般将来完成时过去将来完成时 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表： He said, ―I usually watch TV on Sunday.‖他说：―我常在星期天看电视‖。 →He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。 He said, ―I'm using the knife.‖他说：―我正在用小刀。‖ →He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。 She said, ―I have not heard from him since May.‖她说：―自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。‖ →She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以来她就没收到他的来信。 He said，―I came to help you.‖他说：―我来帮助你。‖ →He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。 注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 The teacher said, ―The earth is round. ‖老师说：―地球是圆的。‖ →The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。

直接引语变间接引语规则

直接引语变间接引语规则 (一)时态的变化：主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时态，直接引语中的谓语动词的时态须做下列变化: 一般现在时变为一般过去时 (但直接引语是客观事实、永恒真理，变成间接引语时，时态不变。 例如：They told their son :”The earth goes round the sun.” They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.。 (二)人称的变化：要根据句子 意思改变人称，如:I--he,she; we--they等等。 “一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worke (三)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化，动词变化： this--that; these--those; now--then; yesterday--the day before; today--that day; tomorrow--the next day; next week(month, year)--the next week(month,year); ago--before; here—there; brig—take; come--go.

直接引语变间接引语超级经典归纳

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句） 一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。 直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语， 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。 直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。 He said, “ I’m a student.” （直接引语）→ He said that he was a student. （间接引语）主句主句从句 二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词， 其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化. （一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 ★（二）．时态变化 宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一般现在时。 1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。 3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth." Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.

(三) ★(四)．连接词 1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that 或将that 省略，直接与主句相连。 2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if 或whether 。 3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接词。 注意：当who 为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他

直接引语变间接引语口诀详解(附练习)

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直接引语变间接引语方法综合试

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直接引语变间接引语方法和练习 “直接引语变间接引语”这种题型在小学中、高年级语文试卷中常常出现，有一定的难度，很多学生容易出错。其实，直接引语是直接引用别人的话，而间接引语则是转达别人说的话。“直接引语变间接引语”就是要求把别人说的原话进行转述。答题时，只要注意以下几个方面，便不会出问题了。 一、只改变引语部分，提示语不变； 例如：妈妈说：“我今天加班。”需要改变的只是：“我今天加班。”这一部分。 二、标点符号要作相应改变，即把冒号、前引号（：“）变成逗号（，），后引号（”）删除；标点符号遵循“两去两改”的原则。去掉冒号和引号。感叹号、问号都改成句号。 三、引语中，人称要变成相应的指代者：说话人即第一人称“我”、“我们”要改为第三人称“他”、“她”或“他们”；（注：若句中有第二人称“你”或“你们”，应该认真分辨“你”或”你们”在句中指的是什么人，而后用具体的人名来转述；若没有具体所指，则不用变换。）直接引语中出现了第三人称，改写为间接引语时，人称代词不用改变。直接将句子整理通顺即可。“冒号引号偷懒去，逗号匆忙来当家;一三人称互相换，第二人称改换谁，看清人名最重要。”例如：妈妈说：“我今天加班。”其中“我”指代的是妈妈。所以， 要变成“她”。改后为：妈妈说，她今天加班。 四、有称呼语的，称呼语要去掉； 例如：老红军说：“小鬼，你骑上我的马吧！”其中，“小鬼”要删除。 变后为：老红军说，小鬼骑上他的马吧！ 五、引语是疑问句的，要变成陈述的语气。改好之后，语气是陈 述语气。换句话说，改为间接引语后，句子都是句号结尾的，疑问句、反问句、感叹句、祈使句都要改成陈述句。 例如： （1）明明问我：“今天放学后，到我家写作业，行吗？”变后为：明明问我，今天放学后，到他家写作业，行不行。 （2）女儿说：“你根本不懂植物遗传学。专家都做不到的事，你这么大年纪了，怎么能做到呢？” 女儿说，老奶奶根本不懂植物遗传学，专家都做不动的事，她这么大年纪了，是不能做到的。 （3）熊猫问海豚：“海豚姐姐，你的身材这么好，是不是有减肥秘诀？” 熊猫问海豚，她的身材这么好，是不是有减肥秘诀。 （4）小明赞叹道：“香港迪士尼乐园真不错！” 小明赞叹说，香港迪士尼乐园很不错。 把“真”改成“很”，使语气变得平和，即陈述语气。 3