初三英语定语从句用法详解及练习

定语从句的用法和精练

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词，即：名词或代词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分，关系代词可作主语或宾语（可省），whose作定语；关系副词作状语。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1.先行词指人时，常用that, who，whom（只作宾语）；先行词指物时，常用that, which

1)The girl who/that often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面

帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who/that作主语)

2)Who is the teacher (who/whom/that) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师

是谁?( who/whom/that作宾语)

3)Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that/which

作主语)

4)The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

(that/which作宾语)

5)Have you ever read a book whose name is Treasure Island? (whose作定语)

6)Do you know the person whose hair is long? (whose作定语)

注意:

1.介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

2.关系词只能用that的情况:

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时,只能用

that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

It’s the most beautiful school that I have ever seen.

b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等

不定代词时或被little, few 等不定代词修饰时 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 等词修饰时

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人和物时

I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得

我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

3.关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

b.引导非限制性定语从句(即主句和从句间有逗号分开,用which,指人也可用

who

Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

4.关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

注：以上when/where=at/in/on which

(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上

学总迟到。

注：以上why=for which

关系副词=介词at/on/in/for+which, 即看从句动词是vt.(选择关系代词)还

是vi（选择关系副词）.

I.单项填空。

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

-Yes, he’s our headmaster.

A. he

B. who

C. which

D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim?

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?

A. that you bought

B. you bought it

C. that you bought it

D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees

B. who agree

C. who agrees

D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D. who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate.

A. who’s

B. whose

C. that

D. of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which; is

B. whom; was

C. who; is

D. who; was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live

B. in which we live

C. which we live in

D. we live in

11. They are talking about the accident and people ___ happened and were hurt yesterday.

A. which

B. who

C. that

D. what

12. Is there anything ___ you want to buy in the shop?

A. which

B. who

C. that

D. what

Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。

1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.

2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.

3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

4. The house _____we live in is very old.

5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?

1. 他总是第一个到校的学生。He is _________________________.

2. 这就是我三年未曾见的朋友们。__________________________.(see)

3.请把书还给我，我已经借了一个多星期了。

Please give____________________________________________________

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