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College Pressures_William Zinsser

College Pressures_William Zinsser
College Pressures_William Zinsser

COLLEGE PRESSURES -- William Zinsser

An Article from The Norton Reader, Norton-Simon Publishing, 1978

Dear Carlos: I desperately need a dean's excuse for my chem midterm which will begin in about 1 hour. All I can say is that I totally blew it this week. I've fallen incredibly, inconceivably behind.

Carlos: Help! I'm anxious to hear from you. I'll be in my room and won't leave it until I hear from you. Tomorrow is the last day for .......

Carlos: I left town because I started bugging out撤离again. I stayed up all night to finish a take-home make-up exam补考and am typing it to hand in on the 10th. It was due on the 5th. P.S. I'm going to the dentist. Pain is pretty bad.

Carlos: Probably by Friday I'll be able to get back to my studies. Right now I'm going to take a long walk. This whole thing has taken a lot out of me.

Carlos: I'm really up the proverbial creek逆流而上. The problem is I really bombed the history final. Since I need that course for my major I ....

Carlos: Here follows a tale of woe悲剧I went home this weekend, had to help my Mom, and caught a fever so didn't have much time to study. My professor .....

Carlos: Aargh!! Trouble. Nothing original but everything's piling up at once. To be brief, my job interview .....

Hey Carlos, good news! I've got mononucleosis.

Who are these wretched supplicants可怜的请求者, scribbling notes写笔记so laden with anxiety, seeking such miracles of postponement and balm安慰? They are men and women who belong to Branford College, one of the twelve residential colleges at Yale University, and the messages are just a few of the hundreds that they left for their dean, Carlos Hortas -- often slipped under his door at 4 a.m. -- last year.

But students like the ones who wrote those notes can also be found on campuses from coast to coast -- especially in New England, and at many other private colleges across the country that have high academic standards and highly motivated students. Nobody could doubt that the notes are real. In their urgency and their gallows humor充满怨恨的幽默they are authentic真实的voices of a generation that is panicky to succeed.

My own connection with the message writers is that I am master of Branford College. I live in its Gothic quadrangle四合院and know the students well. (We have 485 of them.) I am privy秘密暗中参与to their hopes and fears -- and also to their stereo music立体声音乐and their piercing

cries in the dead of night ("Does anybody ca-a-are?"). If they went to Carlos to ask how to get through tomorrow, they come to me to ask how to get through the rest of their lives.

Mainly I try to remind them that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don't want to hear such liberating news. They want a map -- right now -- that they can follow unswervingly坚定不移地to career security, financial security, social security and, presumably大概地可能地, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy湿冷的grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor品尝each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim糟糕的preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few rights that America does not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement is the national god, venerated尊敬尊崇的in our media -- the million dollar athlete, the wealthy executive -- and the glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure自我引发的压力. It is easy to look around for villians恶棍-- to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are are no villians, only victims.

"In the late 1960's," one dean told me, "the typical question that I got from students was, 'Why is there so much suffering in the world?' or 'How can I make a contribution?' Today it's, 'Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?' Many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said, "They're trying to find an edge找到优势-- the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal." Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline及格, even though, in Yale's official system of grading, A means "excellent" and B means "very good." Today, looking very good is no longer enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh, Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates录取170 students from an applicant pool申请者of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It's all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it's nice to think that

admission officers are really reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling洗牌蒙混so many transcripts studded with A's that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the "gentlemen's C," when students journeyed through college通过大学with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses -- music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion -- that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would employ graduates who have this range and curiousity rather than those who narrowly purused safe subjects and high grades.I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate(excites)me. I like to hear the play of their ideas想法的发挥. I don't know if they are getting A's or C's, and I don't care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They can't.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy残酷的经济. Tuition学费, room, and board at most private colleges now comes to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by遭遇饱受inflation. Tuition covers only 60% of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder剩余comes from what colleges receive in endowments捐款,grants补贴, and gifts馈赠. Now the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs higher every year,of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in America the creation of a brotherhood of paupers乞丐帮兄弟会-- colleges, parents and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part-time at college and full-time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years -- loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at告诫commencement毕业典礼to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used "he," incidentally, only for brevity简便. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themsleves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society hasn't yet caught up with that fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity韧性. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know them in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

"Do you want to go to medical school?" I ask them.

"I guess so," they say, without conviction, or "Not really."

"Then why are you going?"

"Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They're paying all this money and ..."

Poor students, poor parents. They are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean well; they are trying to steer控制their sons and daughters toward a secure future. But the sons and daughters want to major in history or classics or philosophy -- subjects with no "practical" value. Where's the payoff 回报on the humanities? It's not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do, indeed, pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics -- an ability to synthesize合成and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective -- are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many thaters would rather put their money on courses that point toward a specific profession -- courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or as I sometimes put it, "pre-rich."

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obligated to fulfill their parents' expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one -- she has already had several modest local exhibits适中的本地展览. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-rounded全面发展的person and taking humanistic人文主义subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a "dumb沉默" thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively悄悄地心照不宣地and takes some of the "dumb" courses her father wants her to take -- at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students -- no small achievement in itself -- she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

"I had a freshman student I'll call Linda, " one dean told me, "who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I couldn't tell her that Barabra had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda."

The story is almost funny -- except that it's not. It's symptomatic of(be indicative of )all the pressures put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clack of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due : "Will I get everything done?"

Probably they won't. They will get sick. They will get "blocked". They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out匆忙撤退. Hey Carlos, Help!

Part of the problem is that they do more than they are expected to do. A professor will assign five-page papers. Several students will start writing ten-page papers, and a few will raise the ante 下新的赌注to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

"Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting有目的的努力工作," one dean points out, "it's just bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic works, psychologically."

Why can't the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious极具传染性and not easily reversed不可轻易扭转. Besides, the professor's main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and doesn't know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He didn't sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought from home. That's what deans, masters, chaplain s随军牧师, and psychiatrists精神病医生are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands独立的岛屿of scholarship and shyness害羞, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism救济has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students don't have as much time to spend. They also are overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish堕落腐败, hanging by their fingernails onto a shrinking profession萎缩的行业. If they are old and tenured 终身制, they are buried under the duties of administering departments -- as departmental chairmen or members of committees -- that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the student's own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents' dreams and their classmates' fears. They must be jolted into被动摇believing in themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

"Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience," says Carlos Horta. "College should be open-ended广泛的没有限度的; at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along, it's almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist -- that they've got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best-paying slot."

"They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to a life of colorless mediocrity平庸的生活. They'll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing."

I have painted too drab a portrait太过乏味的肖像of today's students, making them seem a

solemn严肃庄严的lot. That is only half of their story: if they were so dreary I wouldn't so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts内向的人. They are unusually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extra-curricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours花费时间to play on a variety of teams, peform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the '60's they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale's residential colleges as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions -- as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians -- with a dedication to 奉献忘我精神create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also can't afford to be the willing slave for organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper whose past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr. -- much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that "newsies" routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today's student will write one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I've never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit欢乐的精神inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it's because that's where the crunch危机is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It's why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed 一心一意要实现目标at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one "right" way to get ahead -- that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell them that change is a tonic改变是一剂强药and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway producers, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians -- a mixed bag of achievers.

I ask them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me,

most of them got into their field by a circuitious route迂回之路, to their surprise, after many detours绕道. The students are startled受惊. They can hardly conceive of 想到过a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.推动他们往不可预见的轨道上走

新视野大学英语读写教程2课后翻译(带答案)

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新视野大学英语读写第二版课后翻译英汉汉英

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最新新视野大学英语读写教程(第三版)Book1课后翻译

新视野大学第三版book1英语课后翻译答案 Unit1 苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家,被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物,人们 主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述,尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏 格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法,即通过提问和回答来 激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑 领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚 实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然 他未曾建立什么哲学体系,未曾设立什么学派,也未曾创立什么宗派,但他的名字很快就 变得家喻户晓了。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianis His words and life story were recorded in m and was respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage”. The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analectshas had a great influen ce on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, o traditional Chinese culture. Much of Con ne could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years’ thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese soci fucius’ ety. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community. Unit2 圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日,全世界有许许多多的人在12月25日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。该节日最早可追溯到公元336年。渐渐地,这一节日演变为一个既是宗教又是非宗教的节日,越来越多的非基督徒也庆祝圣诞节。如今,圣诞节在全 球被作为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆祝。不同国家的圣诞节风俗也各不相同。现代流 行的圣诞接风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、摆放各种圣 诞装饰品和圣诞树、举行家庭聚会以及准备一顿特别的大餐。对小孩子们来说,这个节日 充满了幻想和惊喜。据传说,圣诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每户人家,给乖巧听话的孩 子带来礼物。由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基督徒的经济活动, 圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要销售季。 According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival-t he Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of th e important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather toge ther to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their love and feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival, all expressing people’shope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holida y in China. Unit3 伦敦地铁是英国的一个快速交通运输系统,服务于大伦敦的大部分地区。地铁系统因其地 铁隧道的典型形状也被称为地下管道。伦敦地铁始建于19世纪中期,是世界上最早的地下 铁路系统。它的第一段地铁于1863年开始运营。自此,伦敦地铁不断延伸,发展成为一个 包括12条线路、275个车站、铁轨总长超过250英里的地铁杰作,其中有45%在地下运行。就路线长度而言,它是世界上第四大地铁系统,也是车站数量最多的地铁系统之一。作为 一个走遍伦敦的经济便捷的途径,伦敦地铁一向是每天数百万通勤者以及在节假日游历伦

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Unit1中国书法 中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成,发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中,一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用,另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来,所以,通常有“字如其人”的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝,而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。 Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person". As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art. Unit2互联网 近年来,随着互联网技术的发展,我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台,数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比,数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面,数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享;另一方面,它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间,人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。 In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible on the other hand, it expands the learner's study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning. Unit3 孝道(filial piety)是中国古代社会的基本道德规范(code of ethics)。中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心,它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念,内容丰富,涉及面广。它既有文化理念,又有制度礼仪(institutional etiquette)。一般来说,它指社会要求子女对父母应尽的义务,包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道是古老的"东方文明"之根本。 Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person's integrity, family harmony, and the nation's well-being. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. It's undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程1课后翻译(最全版)

Unit 1 苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家,被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物,人们主要通过后期的一些古典作家的叙述,尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法,即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系,未曾设立什么学派,也未曾创立什么宗派,但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。 Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect. 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家,是儒家学派(Confucianism)的创始人,被尊称为古代的圣人(sage)。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》(The Analects)一书中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作,对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究《论语》,就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想,尤其是其教育思想,对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天,孔子的学说不仅

新视野大学英语读写教程5课后翻译

Unit1 Translation EX: VI. P. 10 1.在一个充斥着错误信息的世界,让学生学会识别真的、美的、好的信息是一个巨大的挑战。 In a world full of misinformation it is a formidable challenge for the students to learn to identify the true, the beautiful, and the good. 2.任何形式的登山运动都有其内在的危险性,毕竟它是一项冒险运动。 Any form of mountaineering has its inherent danger. After all, it is an adventure sport. 3.那所大学将在一定程度上允许针对个人的授课,学生会得到符合自身需要的、适合自己学习方法和进度的课程设置。 The university will permit a degree of individual instruction and the students may receive a curriculum tailored to their needs, learning style and pace. 4.据说对学习过程的基因基础的理解能告诉我们哪些青年学子可能更快取得进步,哪些注定要有“艰难的”求学历程。 It is said that the understanding of the genetic basis of learning will teach us which youngsters are likely to advance quickly and which ones seem doomed to “difficult” school experiences. 5.据报导,在加拿大几乎有数以千计的江、湖不能维持鱼和植物的生长。 It has been reported that in Canada literally thousands of lakes and rivers are no longer able to support fish or plants. 6.在文化普及率相对高的国家中,书籍对丰富人们的生活起着重要作用。 In countries with relatively high literacy rates, books play an important part in enriching people’s lives. 7.政府干预的实质向来都是限制和歪曲竞争,而不是鼓励竞争。 The essence of government intervention has been to limit and distort competition rather than to encourage it. 8.中国人民所从事的伟大改革事业是史无前例的。 The great cause of reform being carried out by Chinese people is without precedent in history. 9.模拟考试训练不得推迟到临近正式考试时进行。 Practice in simulated examination conditions must not be delayed until close to the examination time. 10.人们发现,在那个森林里狮子和狼常常协作搜寻活食。 People have found that the lions and wolves in the forest often hunt down live animals by cooperative efforts. Unit2 Translation EX: VI. P.36 1.在那场战斗中,由于食物严重短缺,许多士兵死于饥渴。 During the battle a large number of men perished from hunger and thirst due to the severe shortage of food. 2.本项研究进一步证实礼花起源于中国。 This research project has further proved that fireworks have originated in China. 3.他很想亲自到那里查看一下事故到底是怎么发生的。 He is tempted to go there in person and check out how the accident happened. 4.目前人类还没有找到有效的办法治疗这种疾病,它仍然在折磨着老年人。

新视野大学英语第三版读写教程 课后翻译

NNCE Book3课后翻译参考答案 Unit1 英译中原文:Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices. Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially on and each individual has the power to change things.In our interdependent world, global citizenship encourages usto recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other. Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world. Today, the forces of global engagement are helping some people identify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community. This growing global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information, communications and transportation technologies. Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own action. Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world. Keys:世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子,而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。世界公民相信人类从本质上来说是一个整体,任何个人都有改变事物的能力。在我们这样一个相互依赖的世界中,世界公民意识鼓励我们认识到对彼此的责任,并从对方身上学习。世界公民关心全球的教育、疾病、贫穷和环境问题。在当今,全球合作的力量在使一些人萌发世界公民的意识,让他们拥有对全球社区的归属感。这种不断发展的世界公民意识在很大程度上来讲,要归功于现代信息、通信和交通技术的力量世界公民意识致力于给予人们力量,让他们付诸行动,世界公民除了要从世界问题中学习知识和价值观,还要拥有必需的技能,使他们拥有能力和自信,积极推动世界的发展。 汉译英原文:如今,很多年轻人不再选择" 稳定" 的工作,他们更愿意自主创业,依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。青年创业(young entrepreneurship)是未来国家经济活力的来源,创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活,从长远来看,对于国家更是一件好事,创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。尤其是在当前,国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新,在政策上给予中小企业支持,这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。 Keys:Nowadays, many young people no longer choose "stable" jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people's life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China's economy. Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses. Unit 2 英译中原文:The American Dream is a national ethos(精神特质)of the United States. The term is used in many ways, but it essentially is an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life. Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful relationships. The idea of an American Dream is older than the US, dating back to the 1600s, when people began to have all sorts of hopes and aspirations for what was a new and largely unexplored continent to European immigrants. And the meaning of the Dream has

大学英语读写教程第二版课后翻译

1、老伴60多岁中风去世时,那位72岁的退休教授不胜悲痛。无人依靠的生活对他来说将是非常困难的。 When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties the72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed b y grief.Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on. 2、两位业余画家上个月在伦敦举办了一次个人画展。许多人前去参观,其中包括一些著名的专业画家。 Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London.Many people we nt to see it including a few celebrated professionals. 3、当20世纪80年代中期,7名宇航员在“挑战者”号的灾难中遇到困难时,全世界一下子陷入了震惊与悲痛之中。 When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s it plunged the whole wo rld into shock and grief. 4、在结束了其第二届首相任期之后,她仍积极参与政治事务。当政府遇到困难时,她屡次前来帮忙。 After completing her second prime ministry she remained actively involved in political affairs.She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty. 5、大选失败之后,史密斯博士隐退到一个小村庄,在那里尝试工作。 After his failure in the election campaign Dr.Smith retired to a small village where he tried his ha nd at farming. 6、只要你一辈子不停地努力工作,你在回忆里往事时就会感到心满意足的。 As long as you keep working hard all your life you will recall your past with a glow of satisfaction. 7、我们现在必须唤醒人们认识到环境保护的重要性。否则很快就为时太晚了。 We must awaken people to the importance of environmental protection or it will be too late. 8、那位官员因卷入一件政治丑闻而被撤职。如果早知会落到这般地步,他当初也许就会以不同的方式行事了。 That official was removed from office for being involved in a political scandal.Had he known this would happen he might have acted differently. Unit2】 1、我们班女生占大多数。相比之下,他们的班级全由男子组成。 Female students constitute the majority of our class.By contrast their class is made up of males o nly. 2、美国孩子通常每天看三小时电视,而中国孩子必须将放学后的大部分时间用于做家庭作业。 American children can usually watch TV(for)three hours a day whereas their Chinese counterpar ts have to work on their homework most of the time after school. 3、他开发的一系列新研究方法使他获得了巨大的成功。他说这一切都得归功于他父母的鼓励。 His development of a series of new research methods led to his great success.He said he owed al l this to his parents’encouragement. 4、讨论直接涉及他的未来,而他却被排斥在外,对此他表示愤慨。 He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future. 5、这些问题连续不断地出现,这表明这台新仪器必须重新调试。 The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be r

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1、她连水都不愿喝一口,更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 2、他认为我在对他说谎,但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth. 3、这个星期你每天都迟到,对此你怎么解释? How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4、他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5、这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6、我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量的时间和精力,所以我们只能继续。 Wehave already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. 更不用说写英语文章了much less can he write English articles 更不用说管理一家大公司了 .much less can he manage a big company 更不用说把它搬到楼上去了 .much less could he carry it upstairs 更不用说跟他谈话了 .much less have I spoken to him 更不用说大量阅读自己学科以外的东西 much less to read a lot outside of it Unit 2 Unit2 1、尽管她是家里的独生女,她父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 2、迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会,也没给我打电话作任何解释。 Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 3、坐在他旁边的那个人却是发表过一些小说,但绝不是什么大作家。 The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 4、他对足球不感兴趣,也从不关心谁输谁赢。 He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins to loses.

新视野大学英语读写1课后翻译

1.对于网络课程,学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习,在回答问题之前他们还可以有时间思考答 案。 She is excited by the idea of online learning while he considers it meaningless and useless. 2.网上学习的想法使她非常兴奋,而他认为网上学习毫无意义和用处。 She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3.与英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验,从中我们能学到许多东西。 Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can le arn a lot. 4.如今,越来越多的人可以利用互联网寻找他们需要的信息。 Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the inform ation they need. 5.他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子,但是她觉得这个要求太过分了。 He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, tha t this is too much for her. 6.既然我们已经学完这门课程,就应该多做些复习。 Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. 1.当她就要关掉音乐时,他父亲冲进她的房间,朝着她喊道:“难道你就不能把音乐关小一点?” As she was about to turn off the music,her father burst into her room and shouted at her,“Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?” 2.酒吧的老板一直在看哪个姑娘跳舞,一面却假装没有再看。 The boss of the bar always watching the girl dancing while pretending not to. 3.桑迪如此喜欢摇滚音乐以至不顾父亲的反对而将音量放大。 Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned it up paying no attention to her father’s objection. 4.像往常一样,当他的父母不喜欢他的穿着时,便开始唠叨他。 As usual ,when his parents don’t like what he wears,they start bugging him. 5.在会上,他们讨论了如何保持师生间的沟通渠道畅通。 At the meeting they discussed how to keep the lines of communication open between teachers a nd students. 6.一想到这些年幼的男孩和女孩被父母强迫沿街乞讨我就生气。 It makes my blood boil to think of these young boys and girls who are forced by their parents to b eg for money along the streets. 1.即使报酬并不优厚,我还是决定接受那个新职位。 I have decided to accept the new post, even though the job is not very well paid. 2.这项工作在实际开始干之前,一直被认为是非常简单的。 The job has been taken to be very simple until it is actually started. 3.既然你计划移居加拿大,你就必须努力适应冬季的严寒天气. Now that you are planning to move to Canada, you must try to adjust to cold weather in winter. 4.他承诺帮助我们买下那幢房子,但有点勉强。 He promised to help us to buy the house, but with a little reluctance. 5.这是一次重要的会议,请务必不要迟到。 This is an important meeting. Please see to it that you are not late for it. 6.他是个有经验的商人,做国际贸易已有好几年了。 He is experienced businessman who has engaged in foreign trade for quite a few years. 1.她如此专心地读那本书,以至于有人进来她还没意识到。 she was so absorbed in reading the book that she was not conscious of someone coming in. 2.他第一次会议就迟到了将近一小时,给大家留下了一个很糟糕的印象。 He was late for almost an hour for the first meeting, leaving a bad impression on everyone.

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