国家开放大学管理英语3(作业答案)
视频题目：
1、Purchasing Manager 属于Finance Dept. 错
2、“正装”的英语表达为__formal clothes __.
3、She had been saving every cent she could for months, but twenty dollars a week —which was the total of their _ income_.
4、Let us go for a picnic, _will you_?
5、Why is Mike late for work?--- He is caught up in a traffic jam.
6、Please find _out_ when the train leaves.
7、What is the product they are talking about in this dialogue? Shirts
8、Emergency numbers in diff erent countries 对
9、So far, the contaminated baby milk hasn't caused any deaths yet. 对
10、请为该词组选择正确的意思：blocking or defacing license plates。遮挡、污损号牌
11、They agreed __with_ this idea.
12、bachelor的意思为：学士; 单身汉对
13、Understanding yourself means knowing well about your strengths, weaknesses, your values, how you learn, how you do with others and so on. 错
14、According to research by Top Employers, many corporations have enough talents for their development. 对
15、You have to pay for the credit card loans by the end of each month. 错
16、被动语态句指谓语动词表示的动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子。被动语态的结构为：be（根据人称及句子时态而变化）+ 动词过去分词。对
17、The 2014 Ebola outbreak response was _an international activity_.
18、Community Health Service is a continual _process_ , from a new-born baby to the end of one's life.
19、According to Michael, food safety problems can't be prevented because_the industrial standards are too low_.
20、Closures scheduled for Sundays on minor roads outside the city center may be considered. 对
21、You need to understand your company well so that you can do things well. 对
22、在英语中，条件句有真实条件句和非真实( 虚拟) 条件句两种。非真实条件句通常表示一种假想，它与事实相反或不大可能会发生。对
23、What does “disposable income”mean in Reading 2 Para. 3? Net income
24、Road closure applications can be sent to the Department's Traffic Calming Committee one week before the scheduled date. 错
25、_Every member state of INFOSAN_ has a designated INFOSAN Emergency Contact Point for communication between national food safety authorities.
26、Every university considers community service is the most important experience for students among other practices, like internship. 错
27、根据文章内容，你认为下列公司的行为是对还是错:place company's interest at the first place. 错
28、感叹句指表示喜怒哀乐、提醒、恐吓等强烈情感的句子。顾名思义，感叹句用来表达感叹、惊讶等情绪。除了一个单词、短语或词组可以成为感叹句外，感叹句的主要表现形式有两种，即what 和how 引导的感叹句。对
管理英语3 Unit 1
1、—How many departments do we have?
—We have three major divisions: Operations, Sales and Marketing, Finance and Administration.
2、—I suppose there'll be a lot of arguments.
—I should imagine so.
3、—Would you like another slice of Christmas cake?
—No more, thanks. I’m full.
4、—I wish you success in your career.
—The same to you.
5、—Didn't you punch in this morning, Wendy?
—No, sorry, I didn't know the rule about punching in.
6、The key____ to_____ successful implementation is clearly communicating the strategy to the whole company.
7、This is the man _whom I saw__ last night.
8、I am __looking forward to____your early coming.
9、My friend invited me __to join___ the art club, and I accepted it with pleasure.
10、—Who should be responsible for the accident?
—The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order__as told__.
11、Leave the reference books behind, ___or__ you won't be able to think independently.
12、The programme gives students the _opportunity_to learn more about global warming.
13、A bus driver _ is responsible for_ the safety of his passengers.
14、A number of boys __have been_absent some time during the term.
15、He will write to me as soon as he __ returns_ home.
管理英语3 Unit2
1、—Sorry, I made a mistake again.
—_Never mind._ Practise more and you’ll succeed.
2、—How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna? —Oh, wonderful indeed.
3、—Could I help you with your heavy box? You are so tired
—__No. thanks.__ I can manage it.
4、—I'm more than happy to go out this weekend.
—_Forget it._ We've got so much work to do at that time.
5、—How much time did she give?
—She gave two weeks.
6、I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _didn't you_?
7、–_Whose_ father took part in the charity activity in the neighbourhood yesterday?–Peter's.
8、He gave up his study in college in despair_.
9、Under no circumstance _are children allowed_ to tell lies to parents.
10、I took it for granted_ that you wouldn't come here again.
11、The light is too __dim_ for me to read. I can not stand any more.
12、__How__ important it is for kids to imagine freely!
13、It's _not polite_ to point to or talk about strangers in public.
14、If you need further information, please _contact__ our office.
15、The _criminal- was only sentenced to pay a fine of $10,000.
1、—Is it possible for you to expand business there? Yes, I think so
2、—Are you going on holiday for a long time? It was a long time
3、In what form will you take the investment?. We'll contribute a site and the required premises.
4、 Is it more advisable to upgrade our present facilities than taking the risk of opening a new park? I don't think so.
5、I wonder if I could use your computer tonight? Sure, go ahead
6、Let's discuss these problems at the meeting, __shall we__?
7、John as well as Mike _has_ just been back from an important meeting.
8、Rent, electricity and insurance are all examples of the company's _overhead_.
9、They are trying to __exploit__ the waste discharged by the factory for profit.
10、You can go out, __as long as__ you promise to be back before 12 o'clock.
11、The manager urged his staff not to _miss_the splendid opportunity.
12、A budget is an estimation of the _revenue_ and _expenses over a specified future period of time.
13、They recommended that the amusement park_ be extended_.
14、If the building project _to be completed _ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
15、Purchasing the new production line will be a _profitable_ deal for the company.
管理英语3 Unit4
1、—It's getting dark. I'm afraid I must be off now. —OK. _See you_
2、—Would you like some more beer?—_Just a little_，please.
3、—I'm dog tired. I can't walk any further, Tommy. —_ Come on_, Jenny. You can do it.
4、—I've started my own software company.—_ No kidding! Congratulations!
5、—How did you miss your train?—_Well, I was caught in the traffic jam.__
6、I bought a new car last month, but I _have not sold_ my old car yet.
7、—When do we have to pay the bill?—_ By_ December 30.
8、Raising pigs_was_ my job at that time.
9、We _missed_ the last bus and didn't have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home.
10、Can you tell me how _to get_ to the railway station, please?
11、In Beijing, the best season in a year is probably__ late__autumn.
12、Many factors both at home and abroad _contributed to_ the bankruptcy of the multinational corporation.
13、I _ happen_ to know how often the bus runs during rush hour.
14、I didn't finish my homework. Neither _did he_.
15、Bring me a glass of beer, _will you_ ?
1、—Do you mind if I smoke here? —_Yes, better not.__
2、—What do you think about Japanese food?--- Overall, the diet there is a healthy one-- low fat.
3、—What vegetables are in season now？—Radish and carrot，__I think__.
4、—Jack won't like the film, you know.—__So what?__ I don't care what Jack thinks!
5、—If you invite a Muslim to dinner, what are you advised not to order for him? pork.
6、I _was reading a book when the telephone_rang_.
7、A vegetarian diet consists of the following EXCEPT __meat__.
8、This is the book _from which_I have learned a lot.
9、The machine _broke out_this morning for no reason.
10、All things _ considered_ ，the planned flight will have to be cancelled.
11、I'm used to___getting___up early now.
12、_As_ is known to all, too much fat causes heart problems.
13、We have spent all of our spare time, _as well as_ , our spare money, on the project.
14、I don't think anyone can accuse him _of_ not being honest.
15、—Does she speak French or German?—She doesn't, _ either_.
管理英语3 Unit6
1、—Good morning, Volunteering Matters, how can I help you?
----Good morning, I'd like to find out how I could become a volunteer.
2、—How often will you arrange for me to visit someone at home?—Once or twice a week.
3、—Anything else?---Moreover, we provide education relating to depression and anxiety.
4、—What health care programs are there in the community?
—Generally speaking, we are concerned with all aspects of promoting good health. 5、—What does Community Health Service mean exactly?
—To sum up, it is a continual process, from a new-born baby to the end of one's life.
6、Community service is important to me because it provides me with eye-opening experiences while _benefitting_ many people.
7、Business people exercise their leadership in the community service area _as well as_the commercial world.
8、Community Services Program aims for all members of the community to _have access__ to basic financial and material resources, information, advice and referral.
9、Community service is a great way to help people in their time of need. It is great to see the happiness that results _from_ it.
10、Involvement in community activities has seen as__ an integral and inescapable part of senior managers' jobs.
11、It takes small steps to create big change and this is ___what__service-learning hopes to achieve.
12、One of the main benefits of community service is that it __builds__ a person's character.
13、Communities are part of everyday life and have positive _ effects_ on its members.
14、The online What's on for Women provides information __about_upcoming and ongoing events.
15、Knowing _that their CEO was volunteering time for community service_ increases employee loyalty to the company and their leader.
1、—I'd like to take a look first at those structural support beams that were going to be put in place on the second floor.
—__ Certainly_, here's your jacket and helmet, and you'd better put on these boots as well –it's our site policy.
2、—What's the latest situation with all these customer complaints we've been receiving?
—___I'm afraid__the quality of the material has not always been up to standard.
3、—How is everything going?
—_As you can see__, we've been quite busy this month and there's been quite a lot of progress since the last inspection.
4、—_What's being done_ about it now?
—Every time a customer has complained we've followed our store policy and offered them an exchange or a full refund.
5、—I suggest you offer affected customers a discount on their next store purchase, explain the situation and apologize to them.
—Right, of course._ I'll get on it right away._
6、Not only __were__ many cars built in the 1970s ugly and poorly designed, they also became very unreliable after 40-50 thousand miles.
7、Unluckily, some Quality Management System failures __do make___ headlines.
8、Then the situation _was made__ worse by human error because of the lack of proper training.
9、Our new school building is __under___ construction.
10、A Chinese company is going to _take__ over the well-known Japanese company TOSHIBA Corporation.
11、Apple almost lost its dominance in the smartphone market _when_ it became clear that it was difficult to make a call using the much expected iPhone 4.
12、Let's go _over__ the reports on the latest work.
13、I'm going to have a ___word__ with Mark about this issue tomorrow.
14、Proper controls that should __have been__ developed as part of routine safety procedures were not in place.
15、The products of this company are always _up__to standard, they have very strict quality control process.
管理英语3 Unit8
1、—Perhaps we should climb out of the window and jump down? It's only two floors.
—__ No, we can't do that._We'd better wait for the rescue.
2、—Could you explain how your work on emergency planning is going on?
—With pleasure. Emergency planning covers several different aspects.
3、—Hurry up! If the fire spreads to the stairs, it could block our way out!
—_ You're right!_This is no time for talking.
4、—_911, how may I direct your call?_
—Fire, fire service please! There's a huge fire here.
5、—What have you talked to the public？
—We have sent out leaflets to all residents, explaining what to do in an emergency.
6、Some of the risks may be relevant to your community. Find out which ones by _visiting_ https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cd12240042.html,.
7、Preparedness actions are aimed _at_ planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising, evaluating, and implementing corrective actions to ensure effective coordination during incident response.
8、Patrols should be conducted by teams _rather than_ individuals.
9、A campus emergency _may_ occur at any time of the day or night, weekend, or holiday, with little or no warning.
10、When you complete Part 1, you will be able to learn _what to do for specific hazards_.
11、Government agencies are responsible for declaring the evacuation of a given area and will, in many instances, already have evacuation plans _ in place_.
12、These preparedness frameworks either exist in various stages of development _or_have been implemented.
13、Chemical spill guidelines should be established by the lab supervisor and should take into _consideration_ the following.
14、Many disasters allow no time for people to gather even the most basic necessities, which is _why_ planning ahead is essential.
15、_Given_ these potential problems, two-way radios are preferable as they are extremely reliable for short distances and can broadcast to several people at once.
形考作业一
1、—I'm leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.
—Have a pleasant trip!
2、—Sorry, I made a mistake again.
—_ Never mind._ Practise more and you’ll succeed.
3、—How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna?
—_Oh, wonderful indeed._
4、—In what form will you take the investment?
—We'll contribute a site and the required premises.
5、—Is it possible for you to expand business there?
—Yes, I think so.
6、I am __looking forward to__your early coming.
7、This is the man _whom I saw_ last night.
8、Leave the reference books behind, ___or__ you won't be able to think independently.
9、_How__ important it is for kids to imagine freely!
10、The light is too _dim__ for me to read. I can not stand any more.
11、The _ criminal_ was only sentenced to pay a fine of $10,000.
12、The manager urged his staff not to _miss_the splendid opportunity.
13、They are trying to __exploit__ the waste discharged by the factory for profit.
14、Purchasing the new production line will be a __profitable__ deal for the company.
15、John as well as Mike _has__ just been back from an important meeting.
信息文本
二、阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容，完成相应的选择题。
I’m Michael Bush, Managing Director of Hoogle Engineering. I am pleased to welcome you here to our website and I’d like to tell you a little about the company and its organization.
Hoogle Engineering was set up in 1960. It was divided into several departments at that time, such as the sales department, marketing department, and production department. Lots of managers were employed to manage it all.
Fortunately things are different now. Sixty people are employed by Hoogle and communication between departments is considered to be one of the most important aspects of the business. The market is global so we need to make contact with customers worldwide, not just locally.
But in the old days we were all in different departments and never spoke to each other. We had a tall structure. Traditionally we had people at the first level on the shop floor, manufacturing products according to the instructions which they were given. Then you had a supervisory level of people who supervised them every day. Then you moved up to the middle management, who were doing the tasks of getting new business, and then you had the senior management team, and then you had the board, who decided the business strategy. So there were a lot of levels in the company in the old days actually.
The structure today is that we form teams within teams to place people who can manufacture a product. Each team has members that can manufacture different products. The actual teams now are self-managing, so we don’t even have team leaders. You’ve got the teams, and then you’ve got two people, only two people, who are what you think of as management. This is generally called flat structure.
16、Hoogle Engineering was set up in _the twentieth century__.
17、There are many different _levels__of management in a tall structure.
18、People in a flat structure usually work in _teams__.
19、All of the following statements are true according to the passage EXCEPT that _the author thinks the two structures have the same functions_.
20、The best title for the passage is _Organization Structure in Hoogle Engineering_.
信息文本
阅读判断题：
We live in an age full of opportunities: If you are smart enough, and have got ambition and keep pushing forward, you can rise to the top of your chosen profession, no matter where you started out.
But with opportunity comes responsibility. Companies today aren’t managing their employees’careers. Professional workers must be their own chief executive officers (CEO). It’s up to you to strive for your place, to keep yourself engaged and productive during a working life that may last around 50 years. To do those things well, you’ll need to have a deep understanding of yourself –not only what your strengths and weaknesses are, but also how you learn, how you work with others, what your values are, and where you can make the greatest contribution. Because only when you operate from strength can you achieve true excellence.
History’s great achievers –Napoléon, da Vinci, and Mozart –have always managed themselves. But they are so unusual both in their talents and their accomplishments as to be considered rare exceptions. Now, most of us, even those of us with modest talents, will have to learn to manage ourselves. We will have to learn to develop ourselves. We will have to place ourselves where we can make the greatest contribution. And we will have to stay mentally alert and engaged during a 50-year working life, which means knowing how and when to change the work we do.
21、Companies today are responsible for employee’s career. 错
22、It is the CEO who decides your place. 错
23、You need to understand your company well so that you can do things well. 错
24、Understanding yourself means knowing well about your strengths, weaknesses, your values, how you learn, how you do with others and so on. 对
25、Ordinary people cannot manage themselves well. 错
信息文本
请选择下列句子正确的翻译。
26、It’s up to you to strive for your place, to keep yourself engaged and productive during a working life that may last around 50 years.
在大约50年的职业生涯中，能否积极上进，勤奋工作，取得成效是取决于你自己的。27、We will have to place ourselves where we can make the greatest contribution.
我们应该把自己放到能做出最大贡献的位置。
28、The programme gives students the opportunity to learn more about global warming.
这个项目给学生提供了更多学习关于全球气候变暖方面知识的机会。
29、If you are smart enough, and have got ambition and keep pushing forward, you can rise to the top of your chosen profession.
如果你既聪明过人，又有上进心，并且勇往直前，那么你就可以在自己所选的职业领域中出类拔萃。
30、They are so unusual both in their talents and their accomplishments as to be considered rare exceptions.
正因为他们既才智过人，又成就非凡，所以他们这样的例子少之又少。
形考作业二
阅读理解题：
1、_The process of managing people and their relationships_is / are important in the success of a business.
2、The most important component of HRM is__staffing __.
3、According to the passage, it is important for the employees to know the career path, pay, training and other opportunities through__policies__.
4、We can use_performance management__ to evaluate career improvement and to determine pay increases.
5、__ Training__ is NOT mentioned in the text about the success of HRM.
6、According to research by Top Employers, many corporations have enough talents for their development. 错
7、The data shows the key to attracting talents is to offer high salary. 错
8、The biggest challenge for employers to is keeping staff in the long run. 对
9、Not all employees believe that they can get a better offer. 对
10、The wages have been rising consistently since 2010. 错
信息文本
请选择下列句子正确的翻译。
11、The teacher pointed out the grammar mistakes in the writing.
老师指出了作文里的语法错误。
12、Thank you so much for your generous hospitality.
非常感谢您的盛情款待。
13、Practising more is the key to leaning a language.
学习语言的关键是要多练习。
14、Some are still nervous about losing their jobs despite the low wages.
尽管工资不高，但还是有很多人担心失去这份工作。
15、Though they have a lot of applicants, they can’t find the people they want.
虽然有很多应聘者，但是他们却找不到合适的人。
形考作业二
1、What should the budget plan be based on?
The company’s reliable income.
2、What does “disposable income”mean in Passage 3?
Net income.
3、You have to be clear of _the income and expenses __when organizing financial information.
4、The three main factors that decide how you spend marketing funds are _ t he budget amount, your past experiences and where you can reach the right audience.
5、Keeping the budget in mind when making marketing decisions will avoid _using less than you earn_.
6、You have to pay for the credit card loans by the end of each month. 对
7、Using a credit card to pay is spending free money. 错
8、Getting credit cards from various banks and using the overdraft to the limit can help you “spend to feel good”. 错
9、Always pay attention to your budget while spending. 对
10、For most people, easy access to credit is the biggest reason for overspending. 对
11、A true friend is someone who reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。
12、How will the evaluation of these investments be carried out?
如何对这些投资进行评估呢？
13、Assessing the data is a vital part of creating an effective marketing strategy.
数据评估是制定有效市场营销策略的重要一环。
14、The cost of the new project will go over budget.
新项目的支出将超过预算
15、A credit card is an interest free short-term loan.
信用卡是短期的无息贷款
大学英语(3) ( 第3次 )
第3次作业 一、作文题（本大题共60分，共 2 小题，每小题 30 分） 1. For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Work and Leisure in no less than 100 words. You may begin your composition with “People generally believe that a life without leisure is really terrible.” Remember to write clearly. 2. Instructions:建议你在30分钟内，根据下面所给的题目和提纲用英语写出一篇不少于80词的短文。 1.你在英语学习中遇到什么困难； 2.你如何克服这些困难。 二、填空题（本大题共40分，共 10 小题，每小题 4 分） 1. Negative student''s ______ (respond) to online learning are also due to time factors, particularly for students with part-time or full-time jobs. 2. The meeting began ______ (punctuality) at nine o’clock. 3. It’s Friday again. What about going to the pub to have some ______ (entertain)? 4. She felt quite ______ (loose) after taking a trip to the seaside. 5. In the United States, all children between the ages of 5 and 18 must ______ (attendance) school. 6. The reporter checked with a variety of sources to guard against ______ reports. (accurate ) 7. The criminal was sent to a mental hospital for ______ by doctors. (assess) 8. Only a few of us could ______ his statement, because it was too profound. (comprehension) 9. ______ , he failed in the examination again though he tried many times.( fortunate) 10. At the Olympic Games our representatives were in ______ with the best swimmers from all parts of the world. (compete) 答案： 一、作文题（60分，共 2 题，每小题 30 分） 1. 参考答案： Work and Leisure People generally believe that life without leisure is really terrible. A person who works day and night will gradually feel rather tired. This tiredness, if continues for quite a long time,
大学英语三作业一
题目1 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 The children _______ play with them. 选择一项： a. are wanting that b. want me for c. want me to d. want that I 反馈 正确答案是：want me to 题目2 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 Don't laugh ________ people when they are _____trouble. 选择一项： a. in….at… b. at….at… c. on… in… d. at… in… 反馈 正确答案是：at… in… 题目3 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 - Why does he look sad? - There are so many problems ____________. 选择一项： a. remaining to settle b. remained settling c. remaining to be settled d. remained to be settled 反馈
正确答案是：remaining to be settled 题目4 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 Charles regretted _____the TV set last year. The price has now gone down. 选择一项： a. of b. to buy c. from d. buying 反馈 正确答案是：buying 题目5 不正确 获得1.00分中的0.00分 The old lady is quarrelling as if she ______ mad. 选择一项： a. is b. were c. was d. are 反馈 正确答案是：were 题目6 正确 获得1.00分中的1.00分 Uncle Sam sent him a _______ bicycle as a birthday present. 选择一项： a. red sports new b. new red sports c. sports new red d. new sports red
本科行政管理开放英语3答案
《开放英语3》《英语II（1）》作业参考答案 第一次作业答案 第一部分：交际用语（每题2分，共10分） 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 第二部分：知识运用（每题2分，共40分） 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A 10.B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B 第三部分：完型填空（每题2分，共20分） 16.C 17. B 18. B 19. C 20.A 21.B 22. A 23. C24. A 25. C 第四部分：阅读理解（每题2份，共20分） 26.B 27.A 28. C29. C30.A 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. C 35.D 第五部分：判断正误（每题2份，共10分） 36. T 37. T 38. NG 39. F 40. F 第六部分:写作(20分) Changes in life There have been many changes in my life. Many years ago, my family lived in a cramped and gloomy room which is less than 50 square meters. Now we are better off than before. We have moved into a big and bright flat. In our diet, fish and meat is very common as vegetables. I think our life will be better and better. 《开放英语3》《英语II（1）》作业参考答案 开放英语3第二次作业答案 第一部分：交际用语（每题2分，共10分） 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. D 第二部分：知识运用（每题2分，共40分） 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. C 10.C 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. B
大学英语试题及答案
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?A、Room 1. ?B、I have no idea. ?C、I want a single room. ?D、I’m sorry. 我的答案：C此题得分：2.5分 4.（2.5分）– Have you made a reservation? -- ____________. ?A、Yes, I have. ?B、I did. ?C、Yes, I will. ?D、Thank you. 我的答案：A此题得分：2.5分 5.（2.5分）–Excuse me, where can I check out? -- ____________. ?A、At the reception desk. ?B、You’re welcome. ?C、Nice to see you. ?D、When you are ready. 我的答案：A此题得分：2.5分 6.（2.5分）– I really enjoyed the concert. -- _______. ?A、What will you do tomorrow? ?B、I’m glad to hear that.
大学英语三作业答案
大学英语三作业 第一部分：交际用语（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 1. — It’s really a good dinner, isn’t it? — __B_____________________ A. Yes, I’d like to go. B. Yes, the food is just wonderful. C. I’m glad to hear that. D. It’s very nice of you to say so. 2. — I’d like to open an account here. — ____C___________________ A. Yes, Madam. How can I help you? B. Oh, yes, please. C. I see. What kind of account, please? D. You can do whatever you like. 3. — Thank you for this wonderful party. — _______C________________ A. It’s my pleasure. B. No, it’s not so good as you say. C. I’m so glad you enjoy it. D. What do you think about it now? 4. — I was wondering if you’d like to go skating? — _________C______________ A. Are you really interested in going? B. I often go skating on Saturday. C. I’d love to, but I’m afraid I can’t do it today. D. Don’t you like it? 5. — Have a nice weekend! — ________D_______________ A. Of course I will. B. So will I. C. Not at all. D. Thanks. You too! 第二部分：阅读理解（共10小题；每小题3分，满分30分） Passage 1 To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade (遮光物)against the sun! Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the 11 century BC. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honour and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high