2018年中考英语全国各地试卷汇编专题：任务型阅读(含答案和解析)

(2018江苏扬州)五、任务型阅读（共10空；每空1分，计10

阅读下面短文，根据短文中的信息完成文后表格。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）

Beyond its influence on health, not getting enough sleep can lead to car accidents or other mistakes. Here are what sleep researchers have found about how to sleep.

How much sleep do we actually need?

It is known that all of us naturally need no less than eight hours of sleep per night. When we sleep below six hours per 24, we’re at an increased risk of health problems. Some of us think we can make up any of those hour s lost during the week on the weekends. Sadly, there is no storage system for sleep in the brain.

Can we train ourselves to need less sleep?

As a study in 1964, a 17-year-old boy named Randy Garden stayed awake for 264 hours. How many people could do anything close to that without dying?

When you are reading this, you might say you usually get six hours of sleep and feel just fine. Sleep experts often compare people without enough sleep to drunk drivers: They don’t get behind the wheel thinking they’re probably going to kill someone.

Can we drink coffee instead of sleeping?

Coffee can keep us awake. Remember, too much coffee may throw off our sleep and energy cycles. So limit coffee and avoid caffeine for hour to six hours before bedtime.

Does a sense of purpose connect to sleep quality?

A new research suggests a kind of strong connection between purpose in life and sleep. People who have a greater sense of purpose usually have better physical and mental health, which in turn explains their higher-quality

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。睡眠不足不仅影响健康，也会导致交通意外事故和其他失误。专家们从我们实际需要多少睡眠、我们能否训练少睡、饮咖啡能否代替睡眠和目标感与睡眠质量等方面说明我们应该怎样拥有好的睡眠。

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要从我们到底需要多少睡眠；我们可不可以不睡觉而喝咖啡；目标感与睡眠质量有无关系三个方面阐述睡眠不足除了影响健康之外，还会导致车祸或其他的错误。

56. cause 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“not getting enough sleep can lead to car accidents or other

mistakes(睡眠不足还会导致车祸或其他错误)”，可知此题考查lead to意为“导致”，相当于cause.

故答案为cause.

57. sleep 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Here are what sleep researchers have found about how to

sleep(下面是睡眠研究人员发现的睡眠方式)”可知答案为sleep.。

58. necessary 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“It is known that all of us naturally need no less than eight h ours of sleep per night(众所周知，我们每个人每天晚上当然需要不少于8小时的睡眠)”可知此题该句的同义句：It’s necessary for all of us to sleep eight hours a night./ Eight hours of sleep a night is necessary for all of

us.形容词necessary意为“必要的”。故答案为necessary.

59. increase 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“When we sleep below six hours per 24, we’re at an increased risk of health

problems(当我们每24小时睡不到6小时，我们的健康问题风险就会增加)”可知此题考查词形转换。increased 形容词，意为“增强的”，其动词形式为increase. 根据“Sleeping less than six hours a day can __59__ the risk of health problems”中的can可知，情态动词后接动词原形。故答案为increase.

60. impossible【解析】推理判断题。根据文中“Some of us think we can make up any of those hours lost during the week on the weekends. Sadly, there is no storage system for sleep in the

brain(我们中的一些人认为我们可以弥补周末一周中所损失的任何时间。不幸的是，大脑中没有睡眠储存系统)”可推知 “It is __60___ to make up the lost sleeping hours during the

workweek.”意为“在一周的工作时间里，要弥补失去的睡眠时间是不可能的”。故答案为impossible.

61. fine 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“When you are reading this, you might say you usually get six hours of sleep and feel just

fine...(当你读这篇文章的时候，你可能会说你通常只有6个小时的睡眠，感觉很好……)可知答案为fine. 62. problems 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中“too much coffee may throw off our sleep and energy

cycles(喝太多咖啡会影响我们的睡眠和能量循环)”可推知“Using coffee instead of sleeping might lead to sleep _______”句意为“不睡觉而喝咖啡可能导致睡眠问题或睡眠混乱”。故答案为problems.

63. time 【解析】推理判断题。根据文中“Coffee can kee p us awake. Remember, too much coffee may throw off our sleep and energy cycles. So limit coffee and avoid caffeine for hour to six hours before

bedtime(咖啡能让我们保持清醒。记住，喝太多咖啡会影响我们的睡眠和能量循环。因此，在睡前的几个小时到六个小时内，不要喝咖啡和咖啡因)”可推知“Drink proper amount of coffee at prop er

___63___.”句意为“在适当的时间喝适量的咖啡”。故答案为time.

64. connected 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Does a sense of purpose connect to sleep

quality(目标感与睡眠质量有关吗)？”可推知“A sense of purpose in life is closely __64__ with sleep

quality”句意为“生活中的目标感与睡眠质量密切相关”。

故此题考查短语connect to/ with意为“与……有关”，其同义短语为“be connected with”。故答案为connected.

65. better 【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“People who have a greater sense of purpose usually have better physical and mental health, which in turn explains their higher-quality

sleep(目标感较强的人通常有更好的身心健康，这反过来解释了他们高质量的睡眠)”可推知“People with a greater sense of purpose may sleep

__65___”句意为“目标意识较强的人睡得更好”。故此题考查well的比较级better. 故答案为better.

六、读写综合(本大题分为A、B两部分，共20分)

(2018?广东)A. 信息归纳 (共5小题，每小题1分，共5分)

请阅读一张“共享小图”(一种新型社区图书馆)

的海报，根据所提供的信息，完成信息卡，把答案写在答题卡指定的位置上。

Leave a book

Information Card

本文为应用文。主要介绍了在美国Hudson, Wisconsin一处花园内的免费小图书馆的由来及使用情况。

81. Sunshine Park Community! 由Bryan Lim is excited to be the director of the Little Free library for our neighbor in Sunshine Park Community!可知。

82. On March 25th, 2018 由Join us for our small opening at 9 am on March 25th, 2018.可知。

83. In Todd Bol’s front yard 由The idea was started in 2009 in Hudson, Wisconsin, when Todd Bol placed a homemade wooden box in his front yard. 可知。

84. A teacher 由It was put there in memory of Todd's mother a teacher who loved reading. 可知。

85. Over 80 / eighty Countries. 】由In2017, there were more than sixty thousand Little Free Library in over eighty countries around the world.可知。

第四节摘录要点根据短文内容，完成表格中所缺信息，每空不超过三个单词。（共5小题，计10分）(2018·湖南湘西) Do you often think of life in the future? Will we study at home? Will we fly to the moon easily? Everyone may have his or her views（观点）about that. Life in the future will be very different from life today. Between then and now, many changes will take place, but what will the changes be?

There will be changes in our food. Maybe no one will eat meat. Instead, people will eat more and more fruit and vegetables. People will stay away from junk food. People will be much healthier.

Computers will be smaller and much more useful. Maybe we will even put the computer into our pockets. There will be at least two computers in every family. And computer studies will be one of the most important subjects at school.

Work in the future will be different, too. Dangerous and hard work can be done by robots. People will work fewer

【主旨大意】本文是说明文，主要介绍了未来生活的变化。

76. stay away 77. into our pockets 78. two computers

79. most important subjects 80.watching TV

76. stay away 根据第二段的倒数第二句话People will stay away from junk food.可知答案。

77. into our pockets 根据第三段的第二句话Maybe we will even put the computer into our pockets.可知答案。

78. two computers 根据第三段的第三句话There will be at least two computers in every family.可知答案。

79. most important subjects 根据第三段的最后一句话And computer studies will be one of the most important subjects at school.可知答案。

80. watching TV 根据最后一段的最后一句话And they will have more free time for sports, watching TV and traveling.可知答案。

(2018?湖北十堰)第三节：阅读短文，根据其内容补全下面表格，每空答案不超过两个词。（每小题1分）Nowadays, the attraction of the latest election products drives most people crazy. People own more e-procucts such as smartphone, ipad and so on. They check their smartphones from time to time and have less communication.

It is believed that smartphones are of great importance in our life. To begin with, it offers us convenient ways to communicate with each other. Using it, we can make friends with people

around the world with common apps such as QQ，WeChat. Besides, smartphones make our life more colorful. We can enjoy ourselves through videos, music, photos and Internet surfing.

Yet, it does have some negative effects. Firstly, smartphones take up one’s spare time, which reduces face to face communication, and makes people gradually lose the ability of communication in their real life. In addition, using smartphones too much is harmful both mentally and physically, which affects people’s daily life.

Therefore. It is important for us to make a wise choice of using smartphones. Whenever possible, remember to take our time to have a face-to-face talk with our family and friends. Certainly it will help build a warm and close

【主旨大意】

本文从两个方面阐述了电子产品智能手机的出现，为我们的生活带来很多方便，同时，也给我们的生活带来了负面影响，因此，我们要明智地使用智能手机。

66.offers/provides 67. through 68. ability 69. harmful 70. to make

(2018·山西)(D)

请阅读下面短文，在下面的横线上填入与文章意思最相符的内容，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。61

．．-．64小题每空填一词，65小题所填不超过5个汉字．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

。

According to the traditional Chinese custom, 2018 is just the year of Dog. Ranking as the eleventh animal in the Chinese zodiac —the Shengxiao , Dog is a symbol of loyalty(忠诚) and honesty.

● Self-mocker (自嘲)

Words and phrases including dogs(Gou in Chinese) are commonly used by young people when telling jokes about themselves. For example, you can say “Valentine ’s Day has nothing to do with me since I am a single dog.” It is believed that dog-related words and phrases usually have good humour.

● Cl ose relationship

Among some young people, adding “do g ” to a friend ’s name has the meaning of a close relationship. One of the most famous examples in China is that the actor Lin Gengxin is called Lin Gou by his close friends and beloved fans.

● E asy to raise

Kids with pleasant names are easy to bring up, according to an ancient Chinese saying. Parents in the countryside prefer to give nicknames including Gou Sheng and Gou Dan to their kids in the hope that they are as easy to be raised as dogs.

● M etaphor (隐喻)

Since dogs are considered to have many good qualities ( 品 质 ), the word is included in more than 10 Chinese metaphors. For example, “serve like a dog or a horse,” is used to describe someone who is ready to work hard for the people who have powers.

名字等的时候，也选用“dog”的原因。

61. honest 空格后面是名词animal，可知此处填形容词，且该词与空前

loyal（忠诚的）并列。根据第一段最后一句 Dog is a symbol of loyalty and honesty 可知，该空填honest，它是名词honesty（诚实）的形容词形式。

62. jokes 根据句意可知空白处所填词是动词 tell 的宾语。根据第二段的第一句Words and phrases including dogs (Gou in Chinese) are commonly used by young people when telling jokes about

themselves.，可知空白处填名词joke的复数形式。短语tell jokes意为“讲笑话”。

63. means 根据句意可知空白处填动词。根据第三段第一句中“has the meaning of a close relationship”，可知空白处用meaning的动词形式mean。再根据题干中主语是动词 ing

形式，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式，故填 means。

64. easily 由 as…as 可知，空白处填形容词或副词的原形。又因为该空修饰动词短语 grow

up，因此，此空填副词。根据第四段最后一句话“they are as easy to be raised as

dogs”可知，空白处填形容词easy的副词形式 easily。

65. 犬马之劳(力)/ 效(尽)犬马之劳(力) 这道题考查翻译句意，最后一段的最后一句话“…is u sed to describe someone who is ready to work hard for the people who have

powers.”是对这句话的解释，意为“为有权势的人努力干活/拼命工作”，再结合字数要求可知该句应译为“犬马之劳(力)/ 效(尽)犬马之劳(力)”。

六、(2018·浙江台州)任务型阅读 (本题有5小题，每小题1分;共计5分)

假如你是Greenhill

Hello, everybody. Here is our report on the experiment " 71 ". First, we put the glass tray full of warm water

on top of two cups with 200ml of 72 water and cold water. Then, we add red and blue liquid food colorings into the water above the hot and cold cups at the same time.

After careful observations, we got the 73 . The blue food liquid coloring moves downward first and then to the hot side while the 74 one spreads quickly and covers whole top in a short time and goes downs; the blue liquid food coloring spreads more 75

than the red one. Thank you for listening.

本文是一篇应用文，也是说明文。先图文结合说明做运转中的的水的科学实验需要的东西、实验步骤说明和产生的结果，然后口头说明实验报告。

71. Water in Motion 72. hot 73. results 74. red 75. slowly

（2018山东菏泽）五、书面表达（共两节，满分20分）

第一节（5分）阅读下面短文，用英语完成思维导图。

How to be a good student

As teenagers, how to be a good student? In my opinion, there are a lot of things we should do. Firstly, live a healthy life. We should have healthy eating habits. Do more exercise to keep healthy. Secondly, have a good study habit. We should listen to the teacher carefully; try your best to finish homework on time. Thirdly, try to be an honest student. Don’t tell lies and never cheat in class. Finally, obey the school rules. Don’t go swimming alone without permission . Never take the mobile phones to school. Don’t fight with others. Last but not least, we should be polite to the teachers and classmates. I hope we all become good students.

【主旨大意】本文是议论文，主要针对“如何做一名好学生”提出了几条合理建议。

71.Do more exercise 72.Have a good study habit 73.Never cheat in class 74. Obey the school rules 75.Don’t fight with others

六、(2018·江苏无锡)阅读填空

先通过读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在文章后表格的空格内填入一个最恰当的单词。所填单词必须写在答题卡对应题号的横线上。每个空格只能填一个单词。(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) In many children’s stories, a girl meets a prince and falls in love. They get married and live ‘happily ever after’.

As a child, Meghan Markle may never have imagined marrying a prince. But that is exactly what happened on May 19th!

Who is this young lady who just married into Britain’s royal family(王室)？

Meghan Markle was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1981. Her mother, Doria, was a doctor, and her father, Tom, was a television lighting director. For 10 years after school each day, young Meghan spent time at the studio where her father worked. This experience allowed her to become very comfortable with the acting business. For that reason, she knew she wanted to become an actress from a very early age.

As a child, she felt strongly about something else, too: People should be treated equally. This passion(热情)to help others is still a big part of her life today.

Her acting career began in 2002 when she made her first appearance on TV. Other small parts on TV and in a few films followed. Then finally in 2011, Markle got her big break. She won a lead role in the popular TV series Suits.

本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了一位女演员Meghan Markle，嫁给了英国的王子的故事。

54.married 解析：根据文章第三单段第一句“Who is this young lady who just married into Britain’s royal family”中的“married”可知。

55.joined 解析：根据文章第三单段第一句“Who is this young lady who just married into Britain’s royal

family（嫁入英国皇室）”可知此处指的是“加入”英国皇室。故填joined。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c512269043.html,rmation 解析：此空后面主要讲了Meghan

Markle的出生，父母职业以及从小的梦想，由此可知此处指的是背景“信息”。故填information。

57.young 解析：根据文章第三句“For 10 years after school each day, young Meghan spent time at the studio”以及第四段最后一句“she knew she wanted to become an actress from a very early age.”可知填young。58.appeared 解析：根据文章最后一段第一句“He r acting career began in 2002 when she made her first appearance on TV.”中的“appearance”可知此处应用动词过去式appeared（在when引导的从句中作谓语）。

IV. 写作技能(三个部分，共10小题和一篇作文，计35分)

A）(2018·湖南益阳)摘录要点(共5小题，计10分)