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7B Unit 7 Abilities
一、知识点详解
A:词汇及词组
重点单词
名词（n.）
ability 能力seat 座位notebook 笔记本
smoke 烟，烟雾news新闻，消息newspaper 报纸
rubbish 垃圾X—ray X光term 学期
need (食物，钱等的）短缺part 部分violin 小提琴
article文章match 火柴camera 照相机
sir 先生
动词（v.）
believe相信send发送pay付款
raise 募集save 救，救助rush 冲，奔
protect保护could可以，能nod点头
hurt 使受伤，伤害burn 烧伤，烧smoke吸（烟）
show教，演示lose 迷失，丢失
形容词（adj.）
able 能，能够hurt 受伤的careful 仔细的，小心的brave 勇敢的wet 湿的，未干的careless 粗心的
副词（adv.）
even 甚至next door 在隔壁badly 严重地，厉害地better 更好，较好hard努力地，费力地
连词（conj.）
before 到…为止
词组
1.believe it or not 信不信由你
2.give a/one seat / seats to someone on the bus 在公交车上给人让座
3.collect things for Project Hope 为希望工程收集东西
4.clean up the park 清理公园
5.raise some money for sb 为某人募集资金
6.save his neighbour from a fire 从火灾中挽救邻居
7.be at home alone 独自一人在家
8.pour water over his clothes to protect himself 把水倒到他的衣服上来保护他自己
9.rush into the kitchen 冲进厨房
10.put a wet blanket over Mrs Sun 用湿毛毯裹在孙夫人身上
11.be careful with fireworks 当心烟花
12.keep sb away from sth 使某人远离某物
13.make a call on your mobile 在你的手机上拨个电话
14.leave sth at/in/on 把某物落在某地
15.take your camera with you 随身携带你的相机
16.see through walls 透过墙壁看到东西
17.stop a train with his hands 用他的手拦停火车
18.fly as fast as light 飞得像光速一样快
19.need to read more and speak more 需要多读，多说
20.recommend sb for sth 推荐某人获得某物
21. hear from Sb. / get a letter from Sb. 收到……的来信
22.be on fire 着火
23.work hard on subject 在这个科目上很用功
24.put anything hot into the rubbish bin 把东西倒入垃圾箱内
25.be in hospital for two months 住院两个月
26.put out the fire 灭火
27.visit an old people’s home 拜访老人的家
28.try / do one’s best to sth 尽某人最大努力做某事
29.at the age of 在------岁时
30.lose one’s way 迷路
B:句型
1. Believe it or not. 信不信由你！P80
（1）句子的“believe”是及物动词，意思“相信、认为”，之后跟名词、代词、短语或句子做宾语。
I believe he will get the first award.
(2 ) believe 后面跟宾语从句时，其否定句否定后面的从句。用作不及物动词时常与介词in连用，
构成词组believe in (信任)。
I don’t believe he can fix this computer.
2. We can send some books to them. 我们可以寄一些书给他们。P81
send sth. to sb.= send sb. sth. 把某物寄给某人
She sent me a Christmas card. send过去式sent
send for 派人去请He is ill, please send a doctor.
send away 撵走，开除The boss sent him away.
send up 发射The satellites was sent up into the space. 卫星被发射到太空中了。
3. Some families are not even able to pay for pens and notebooks. 一些家庭甚至没有钱买钢笔和笔记本。P81
（1）be able to do sth. 意思是“能/ 能够/ 会做某事”。
be able to 是强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can 则强调自身已具有的能力。
She can sing the song in English.
He will be able to sing the song in English, too.
(2 ) pay for 固定搭配，意思是“付款”。
He paid 50 yuan for this book. 他花了五十元买了这本书。
4. We can raise some money for them to my these thing.我们可以捐钱给他们买这些东西。P81
raise 用法汇总（1）招募，筹集They are going to raise some money for building the school library.
（2）举起，抬起Let’s raise glasses for the friendship. 让我为友谊举杯。
（3）提高They did many things to raise the living standard.
他们做了许多事情来提高生活水平。
5..He is brave enough to save his neighbour from a fire他是足够的勇敢把邻居从火中救了出来。P82
（1）句型结构：主语be 形容词enough to do sth.
He is old enough to look after himself.
（2）enough 句型和too…to…互换
He is not old enough to go to school.
He is too young to go to school. 他太小了，还不能上学。
救人save one’s life 救了某人的命
（3）save 节省To eat in the fast food restaurant is cheap and saves time. 去快餐店就餐既便宜又省钱。
保存Don’t forget to save the file. 别忘了保存文件。
2. Suddenly he heard someone shouting ―Fire! Fire! Help!‖P82
句子的“hear someone shouting‖是“hear sb. doing sth.”的结构。
hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。
hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事，强调动作全过程已经结束。
see sb. doing sth.
se sb. do sth.
put one’ s heart into 全神贯注于
6. He went in and found his neighbour, the 79-year-old Mrs Sun, in the kitchen.
他走进去，发现他的邻居，79岁的孙太太在厨房。P82
Last week, a five-year-boy lost his way and was crying in the street.
上周，一个8岁的男孩迷了路，正在街上哭。P90
―79-year-old ―five-year-old‖是复合形容词，其中的名词不能用复数形式，中间必须用连词符号。
（1）数字+名词100-meter race 100米的赛跑four-hour trip 四个小时的旅行
（2）数字+名词+形容词an 800-meter-long bridge 一座八百米的长桥
Mrs Brown has an eight-year-old daughter.
7. He pour water over his clothes to protect himself他把水泼在衣服上来保护自己。P82 Did you do anything to protect himself ? 你采取了措施保护自己吗? P83
himself 是反身代词。句子主语宾语为同一人时，应用反身代词。
―Here it is,‖ Andy said to himself. “在这里！”安迪自言自语道。
反身代词汇总：myself yourself himself herself itself
ourselves yourselves themselves
8. Later some firemen came and put out the fire. 后来，一些消防员赶来了，扑灭了大火。
put 的词组归纳
put away 存放好put down 放下；搁下
put into 把…放入put on 穿上; 戴上
put up 搭起; 举起put off 推迟
9. He put a wet blanket over Mrs. Sun and helped her out. 他用湿毯子盖住Mrs. Sun，帮助她出来。P82
Mrs Sun needed my help.孙太太需要我的帮助。P82 此句中的help 是名词。
help的其他用法
（1）with the help of 在......帮助下
（2）help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事
（3）help sb. with sth. 帮助某人关于某事
（4）help oneself 自用（食物）等
（5）help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难
10. He was in hospital for two weeks. 他住了两个星期的院。P82
in hospital 住院in school 上学in bed 卧床休息
in the hospital 在医院里in the school 在学校in the bed 在床上
11. Don’t put anything hot into the rubbish. 不要把热的东西放在垃圾箱内。P84
anything hot 不定代词，定语后置
There is nothing wrong with keeping a snake if you like it.
不定代词汇总：someone/somebody anyone/anybody nobody/ no one everybody/ everyone
something anything nothing everything
12. May I make a call on your mobile ？I left mine home 我可以用你的手机打电话吗？我的忘在家里了。P85
leave --- left 此句中是“落在, 把东西忘在某地”。I left my homework at home yesterday.
leave 还有“离开”的意思Don’t be late again. You should leave home early.
13. South Hill is a good place to have fun. 南山是一玩乐的好地方。
have fun 玩乐玩得很高兴= enjoy oneself
= have a good time
14. He can hear something far away. 他能听到遥远的事情。
far away 用来表示距离，意为遥远The town my friend lives in is far away. 我朋友住的城镇很远。
far away from 意思“离。。。。。。很远”The school is far away from my home.
具体距离away from 离……具体多远He lives two miles away from the center of the towm.
15. (1) His eyes are like X-ray. 他的眼睛就像X光。P86
(2) All the teachers and her classmate like her very much. 所有的老师和其他同学都非常喜欢他。P88
(3) He often takes part in activities like collecting clothes and books for children in need.
他经常参加活动，如为需要的孩子们募集衣服和书。P90
like 喜欢sth.
like to do sth.
doing sth.
看起来像look like That hill looks like an elephants trunk. (象牙)
像，怎样be like What is your pet like ? It is quiet and friendly.
比如I have many hobbies like soccer, basketball and so on (等等).
16. He can fly as fast as light. 他飞得和光一样快。P86
as…. as 意为“和…….一样”，表示同级比较。第一as为副词，第二as为连词。
This film is as interesting as that one.
否定形式not as/so ….. as
The dictionary is not so/as useful as you think. 这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。
17. Good this term, but she needs to read more and speak more.
这学期很好，但是她需要多读多说。P87
need to do sth. 意为“需要做某事”，句子主语通常是表示人的名词, 表示某人需要做某事。
You need to finish your homework on time.
need doing sth. 句子的主语是物
Our classroom needs cleaning every day. 我们的教室需要每天打扫。
18. Good, but sometimes she is careless. 很好，但是她有事粗心。
careless 粗心的careful 认真的，仔细的
（1）表示某人做某事很粗心It is careless of sb. to do sth.
It was careless of you to leave your camera in the taxi.
（2）指由于粗心而做了某事be careless in doing sth.
He was careless in typing the letter. 他打印这封信时很粗心。（3）表示“对…..不在意或不关心”，其后可接介词about，of, with.
He is careless of (with) her health. 他不注意自己的身体。
19. She does not do her best this term. 这个学期她没有尽最大的努力。P87
do one’s best 尽某人最大的努力
do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事
We should do one’s best to learn English well.
20. He is a member of our Project Hope Group and often takes part in activities like collecting clothes
and books for children in need.
他是我们希望工程小组的一个成员，并经常参加像为在贫困中的孩子们收集衣服和书本这样的活动。
（1）take part in 参加，通常用于参加群众性活动、劳动、旅游。
We should take an active part in school activities.
(2 ) join 参加某个组织并成为该组织中的一个成员He joined the Party last year. 他是去
年入党的。
(3 ) join in 参加某个活动，尤指和其他人一起参加活动May I join in the game?
21. We look forward to hearing from you. 我们期望不久收到你的来信。P90
(1) look forward to doing sth. 急切地盼望做某事
Is he look forward to seeing me again? 他真的很盼望再见到我吗？
(2) hear from = receive a letter from sb.
Do you often hear from your pen friend?
C:语法
A . can, could, may用法
1. can / could来谈论能力。(can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力，其后跟动词原形，用于一切人称和单、复数；它们的否定式为can not (can’t), could not (couldn’t)。例如：
I can ride a bike, but I can’t drive. 我会骑自行车，但不会开车。
Could Amy fly a kite last year? No, she couldn’t.
2. can / could / may谈论可能性。
●can 常用于口语中，表示非正式的请求，请求对象一般是家人或朋友。）例如：
— Can I borrow your bike, Simon? 西蒙, 我可以借一下你的自行车吗？
— Of course. 当然可以。
●could是can的过去式。在口语中，could常用来代替can向对方更委婉地提出请求，用
法上比can正式，可以用于向老师或长辈提出请求，这时could不表示过去，回答一般还是用can。而may则更正式一些。例如：
— Could I use your computer, please? 请问，我可以用一下你的电脑吗？
— Yes, you can. 可以。
— Could I hand in our homework later, Mr Lin? 林老师，我可以稍后交作业吗？
—No, you can’t. 不，不行。
B. What / How 感叹句
（1）What + 名词短语+ 主语+ 谓语!（主语是代词）
What a brave boy he is!
What brave boys they are!
What an exciting film it is!
What exciting films they are!
What nice weather it is!
注：1. 当名词为复数或是不可数名词时，不能加定冠词。
2. 在口语中常常省略后面的主语谓语。如What a brave boy!
（2）How + 形容词/ 副词+ 主语+ 谓语！（主语是名词或代词）How exciting the film is!
How funny he looks!
How quickly he runs!
注：在口语中常常省略后面的主语谓语。如How exciting!
1. ①what a wonderful man ②How wonderful the man is! 多棒的一个人啊!
2. ①what an interesting idea he has! ②How interesting his idea is! 他的主意多有趣啊!
3. ①what a brave fireman ②How brave the fireman is! 多么勇敢地消防队员们啊！
4. ①How special his eyes are! ②What special eyes he has! 他的眼睛多奇怪啊!
二、课后练习
A:单项选择
( )1. There is ______ ―u‖ and ______ ―s‖ in the word ―bus‖.
A. a; a
B. a; an
C. an; a
D. an; an
( )2. Jack is ______. He comes from ______.
A. English; English
B. an English; England
C. a English; England
D. English; England
( )3. ——Would you like your friends_______ you with your Chinese.
A. helping
B. helps
C. to help
D. help
( )4. Millie is a friend of ______. She is also ______ classmate.
A. me; mine
B. mine; my
C. me; my
D. my; my
( )5. _______ some books . you may choose one to read .
A. There has
B. Here is
C. Here are
D. There is
( )6. –-How much is the rice ?---______ three yuan a kilo .
A. They are
B. It is
C. It has
D. They have
( )7. There isn’t ______ juice in the fridge. Would you like ______ coffee?
A. some; some
B. any; any
C. some; any
D. any; some ( )8. Mum, my trousers are too small .I want to buy a new ______ .
A. trouser
B. pair
C. one
D. trousers
( )9. There are fifty ______ and ______ in our school.
A. woman teachers; girl students
B. women teachers; girls students
C. women teachers; girl students
D. women teacher; girls student ( )10. --Who would you buy the coat ____?—I’ll give it to my son a gift.
A. for; for
B.to ; as
C. to ;for
D. for ; as
( )11. There are fifty people . Is the room ___ the meeting ?
A. big enough to have
B. enough big to have
C. big enough having
D. enough big having
( )12.—Who______ to borrow a bike ? ——Amy ______
A want; is B. want; does C. wants; does D. wants; is
( )13. ______ are good friend.
A. Lily, you and I
B. You, Lily and I
C. I, you and Lily
D. You, I and Lily ( )14. There ______ some paper and three notebooks on the desk .
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
( )15. There is________girl singing under a big three.
A.a 8-year-old
B. an 8-years-old
C. a 8-years-old
D. an 8-year-old ( )16. nice information !
A. What
B. How
C. What a
D. How a
( )17. The fire burned Wang Fang’s neck . She was in hospital.
A. a
B. the
C. /
D. an
( )18. ----Oh, I'm too tired. ----Why not________?
A. to stop to work
B. stop to have a rest
C. stop having a rest
D. to stop to have a rest
( )19. The pair of trousers __________ them 30 dollars.
A. costs
B. takes
C. costed
D. took
( )20. When there is a fire, we can ________ with a blanket.
A. put off it
B. put it out
C. put out it
D. put it off
B:词汇
1. She loves _______________(收集) stamps very much.
2. How much does this book _____________ (花费) you?
3. The coat is too _________ (昂贵的). I don’t have ________ (足够的) money ______ (buy) it.
4. There is a new ______________(餐馆) near my home.
5. The blue shoes match her trousers _________ (good).
6. May I look at last__________ (year) cards?
8. This pair of jeans is nice. Can I try ________ (they) on?
9. My shoes are different from those _____________ (shopkeeper).
10. Are you ________________ (interest) in that story book?
11. He can ________ (swim) very well.
12. It's polite to give your _________ (sit) to others on buses.
13. Last year I ___________ (can not) ride a bike. But now I can.
14. Fire can be__________ (danger) if we're not careful about it.
15. Suddenly I heard someone________ (shout) for help.
16. I ___________ (catch) a very bad cold last week.
17. He was _______ (happy) because he got 58 points in the exam.
18. There’s no tim e____________________ (open) it.
19. Children, _________________ (not be) late next time.
20. Sandy is a member of the________ (swim) Club.
21. The firemen rushed into the house ___ (救) that little baby.
22. Don’t (抽烟) here, please.
23. There are many (参观者) in our city in summer.
24. He (读) a book about Lu Xun yesterday.
25. Is he good at ____________(跑步)?
==
26. There are five family _____________ (成员) in my family.
27. She is (倒) hot water into the thermos.(热水瓶)
28. I ______ (see) some girls ________ (play) volleyball when I ______ (pass) the playground yesterday.
29. I need you ________ (help) my brother with his maths.
30. Here _______ (be) the photos of my family.
31. Eddie never _________ (exercise). He is very fat.
32. Amy is sure _______ (come) here by plane.
33. He doesn’t have much time ________( play) with me.
34. His son always ________ (read) before ________ (go) to bed.
35. This pair of trousers _______ (be) too long.
Would you please _________ (show) me another pair?
C:句型转换
1. Her shoes don’t match her clothes. (同义转换)
==Her shoes don’t ______ _______ ________ her clothes.
2. There is only one bottle of water on the table. (划线提问)
_______ ______ _______of water ______ there on the table?
3. A new computer is too expensive for Mike. (同义转换)
==Mike _______ have _________ ________ to _________ a new computer.
4. Can I help you ? ( 同义转换)
==________ can I ________ _______ you?
5.Tom has some meat for lunch every day. (改为否定句)
Tom ________ _________ ________ meat for lunch every day.
6. There are some old watches in the box. (改为单数)
________ ________ old watch in the box.
7. There are some flowers on the table. (划线提问)
____________ on the table?
8. We can stop a fire with a blanket. (同义转换)
==We _____ ______ to stop a fire with a blanket.
9. What beautiful flowers they are! (同义转换)
==____________________________ are!
10. Daniel gets letters from his friends. (同义转换)
==Daniel often ________ ________ his friends.
、
D:翻译
1.我需要他来搬所有的包。
I need ______ ______ _______ all the bags.
2. 你可以在购物中心找到不同种类的东西。
You can find ______ ______ ______ things in a mall.
3．我对集邮感兴趣，但讨厌踢足球。
I’m _______ ________ ________ _______, but I_______ _______ football.
4. 请问，这条裤子多少钱？
Excuse me, ________ ________ ________ this pair of trousers _______? 5. 那条连衣裙太贵，那件粉红色的上衣怎样？
That dress costs _______ _______. What about the ________ ________?
6. 昨天我付了十元钱买了那本书。
I _______ ten yuan _______ the book. .
7. 桑迪应该使他都长头发远离火。
Sandy should _____ her long hair _____ fire.
8. 我会查出来是谁没有关门的。
I will _______ _____ who didn’t close the door.
9. 孙先生他不能出门，因为他腿受伤了。
Mr Sun couldn’t go out ____ he __ his leg.