新视野研究生英语_读说写1Unit 10、It Takes a Village课文原文

Un it 10、It Takes a Village原文

byDonald L. McCabe

Donald L. McCabe, Professor af Organization Management at Rutgers University is the leading researcher on academic integrity in the United States. The text is an extract.from his essay It Takes a Village: Academic Dishonesty & Educational Opportunity,which was published in Liberal Education in 2005.

1 I have always been intrigued by the African tribal maxim that it takes a village to raise a child. In a similar sense, I would argue it takes the whole campus community - students, faculy and administrators - to effectively educate a student.

If our only goal is to reduce cheating, there are far simplerstrategies we can employ.

But if we have the courage to set our sights higher,and strive to achieve the goals of a liberal education, the challenge is much greater.

Among other things, it is a challenge to develop students who accept responsibility for the ethical consequences of their ideas and actions .

Our goal should not simply be to reduce cheating; rather, our goal should be tofind innovative and creative ways to use academic integrity as a building block in our efforts to develop more responsible students and, ultimately, more responsible citizens.

Our campuses must become places where the entire “village" - the community of students, faculty, and administrators - actively works together to achieve this goal.

As Ernest Boyer observed almost two decades ago, "integrity cannot be divided.

If high standards af conduct are expected of students, calleges must have impeccable integrity themselves. Otheveise the lessons of the …hidden cuviculum' will shape the undergraduate experience.

Colleges teach values to students by th e standards they set for themselves.”

2In setting standards, faculty have a particular-ly important role to play; students look to them for guidance in academic matters - not just to their peers.

In particular, to help students appropriately orient themselves and develop an appropriate mental framework as they try to make sense of their college experience, faculty must recognize and affirm academic integrity as a core institutional value.

Without such guidance, cheating makes sense for many students as they fall back on strategies they used in high school to negotiate heavy work loads and to achieve good grades.

3 While faculty can do much to improve the climate of academic integrity in their campus "villages", they should not be expected to shoulder this hurden alone. University administrators need to look more carefully at the role they play.

Instead of reacting to an increasing number of faculty complaints about Internet plagiarism by simply subscribing to a plagiarism detection service, for example, perhaps these schools should take a more comprehensive look at their integrity policies.

While some may decide that plagiarism detection software is an appropriate component of their integrity policy, I trust many more will conclude that it?s time to abandon their almost exclusive reliance on detevence and punishment and to look at the issue of academic dishonesty as an educational opportunity as well.

4Over the last fifteen years, I have become convinced that a primary reliance on detevence is unreasonable and that, if we truly believe in our role as educators, we would do better to view most instances of cheating as educational opportunities.

While strong sanctions clearly are appropriate for more serious forms of cheating, it's also clear that most students' cheating is far less egregious.

What, for example, is an appropriate sanction for a student who cuts and pastes a few sentences from a Web site on the internet without citation?

In some cases. this behavior occurs – out of ignorance of the rules of citation or is motivated by a student?s failure to properly budget his or her time.

In a last minute effort to complete the two papers he/she has due that week, as well as study for a test on Friday, he/she panics.

If the student is a first-time "offender,” what's the educational value of a strcong sanction?

5Having decided tbat sanctions do little more than to permanentlv mar a student's record, an increasing number of schools are taking a more educational approach to academic dishonesty.

Tbey are striving to implement strategies that will help offending students understand the ethical consequences of their behavior.

These strategies seem often to be win –win situations．

Faculty are more willing to report suspected cheating, or to address it themselves, when they understand that educational rather than punitive sanctions are likely to result.

A common choice now is to do nothing or to punish the student privately, which makes it almost impossible to identify repeat offenders.

On a growing number of campuses, bowever, faculty are being encouraged to address issues of cheating directly with students.

As long as the student acknowledges the cheating and accepts the faculty member'S proposed remedy, the faculty member simply sends a notation to a designated party and never gets involved with what many consider the unnecessary bureaucracy and legalisms of campus judicial

systems .

6 When more faculty take such actions. students who cheat sense they are more likely to be caught, and the overall level of cheating on campus is likely to decline.

Administrators, especially studant and judicial affairs personnel, can then devote more of their time and resources to proative strategies.

For example, several schools have developed mini-courses that are commonly part of the sanction given to first-time violator of campus integrity policies; others have devoted resources to promoting integrity on campus, rathar than investing further in detection and punishment strategies.

A common outcome on campuses implementing such strategies is a greater willingness on the part of faculty to report suspected cheating.

They view sanctions as more reasonable, designed to change behavior in positive ways, demonstrating to students that inappropriate behavior does have ethical consequences.

As students quickly learn that second offenses will be dealt with much more strongly, increased reporting also serves as an effective deterrent to continued cheating.

7 Of course, the most effective solution to student cheating is likely to vary from campus to campus, depending on the unique campus culture that has developed over the course of a school's history. Indeed, no campus is likely to reach the ideal state where the proactive strategies I have described are sufficient in and of themselves.

Rather, some balance of punishment and proactive strategies will be optimal on each campus

and, although that optimum will vary from campus to campus, punishment Will always have some role. The stakes are high for most college students today, who think their entire future - their chances of gaining admission to professional school,.getting job interviews with the best campanies recruiting on campus, etc.一depends on a few key grades.

It is, therefore, unrealistic to think that none will succumb to the temptation to cheat.

8Students, even the most ethical. want to know that offenders will be punished so that other students will be deterred from engaging in similar behavior.

In fact,I am often surprised by the comments many students offer in my surveys calling for stronger punishments for students who engage in serious cheating.

While they are willing to look the other way when someone engages in more trivial forms of cheating to manage a heavy workload, for example, they are far less forgiving of students who cheat in more explicit ways on major tests or assignments.

The difficult task for every school is to find the appropriate balance between punishment and proactive strategies that deters students who would otherwise cheat when the opportunitv arises yet that also works to build a community of trust among students and between students and faculty, a campus community that values ethical behavior and where academic integrity is the norm.

(1,208 word.s)

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All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron. 3. No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4. Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5.If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug,stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6. Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. 1. 作为补救缺铁的一种方法，专家推荐食用肉鸡和鱼，它们是最好的铁质来源也是唯一最容易被身体吸收的铁质来源。 2．铁质储量为零时，你会觉得虚弱，疲乏无力，喘不过气，这是缺铁第三阶段的典型症状。 3. 耐力运动员，尤其是女性，经常会缺铁，如果增食肉类食物或服用铁质补剂，能够恢复到健康状态。 4这位运动医学专家认为，感到劳累、工作效率差的人，最好食用牛肉羊肉，它们含有最易被吸收的铁质。 5．铁质储量低的人应该去咨询医生，看看是否应通过调整饮食或服用铁质补剂来校正不足。 6．一般说来，如果你忽视自己摄入的铁质含量，不在铁质储备失去之前注意警告信号，你会有危险。 1. In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2. Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3. In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of go ing to work directly. 4. As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally. 5. It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month. 6. The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them. 1.跟在法国一样，美国在20世纪60年代也发生过文化革命。 2他一旦下定决心去干一件事，就根本拦不住他。 3学校强调的观点是：家长和孩子一起参加学校的活动是值得的。 4快下课时，老师让学生用最后的五分钟来展开激烈的讨论，依照1—10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。 5为了避免引发针对他们的品格培养方案争论该校校长解释说品格第一并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。 6并非所有的家长都相信海德中学的办学原则，即如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩就自然会提高。 1. Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city. 2. Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad. 3. The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people. 4. It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength. 5. The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm. 6. One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army. 这副画上一个神色严肃的男子，身旁站着一位女子，身后是所农舍。他们的原型分别是画家的牙医和姐姐。 2．公司的申请书，不管是代表自己还是代表他人，都应该有官员的签名。 3．做了脱口秀之后，约翰和妻子在广播和电视节目上出了名，这些节目给普通民众以启迪，而不只是向他们提供信息。 4．尽管有些人不赞同，可市领导还是决定实施这个计划，在湖边建造两个五星级宾馆，以吸引更多的游客。 5．那位著名画家去世了，曾经给他当模特的妻子立即担任了他装潢公司的总经理职务。 6．宴会上，他们的衣着都很华丽，但吸引我注意力的却是他们的交谈方式，使得我很想和他们交谈。 1. Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her. 2. Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam. 3. Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive. 4. The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window. 5. These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task. 6. He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’s number. 1.直到60年代早期，人们似乎才普遍认同英国不再是以前心目中那样的大国了。 2在决定了租房之后，我们便着手与市内所有的房屋代理商联系。 3我小心翼翼地替她擦身子，尽量避免弄疼她，因为她瘦的只剩皮包骨了。 4我心间对这位老人涌起了一股感情他那暗黄的皮肤松弛地裹在显得异常大的骨头上深陷的胸部随着不均匀呼吸一起一伏。5．你在报上读到那位著名画家的消息了吗？他实际上是为了要成为视觉艺术大师的抱负而累死的。 6．有迹象表明，这位老太太想孤独地离开人世，不让她的家人看到他们或许无力面对的人生插曲。 1 We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as 2. A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake. 3. Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time. 4. If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents. 5. A master’s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job. 6. In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them 1. 由于在地震中遇难的人大部分都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的，所以一定要改进建筑结构以便它们能够抵御地震的力量。 2．人们应该在家里和工作地点储备些水和食物，这在可能发生地震时是特别必要的。 3．在日本和中国，人们长期以来一直相信通过观察动物行为可以预测地震。 4．除了努力改进建筑结构之外，地震多发地区的人们还应该在其他几个方面为可能发生的大地震做好准备。

研究生课程__英语口语考试复习

Unit 1 1.What do you often do during your holidays? In the summer holiday, I am in a company called Jing Tianwei for one-month internship, It is a railway IT company and I worked in hardware tecnology sector, I was responsible for finding the trouble charts of trains, my work is simple, but it requests careful and patient attitudes which is just my characteristics, I learned a lot Things in the company, in particular, the head of department taught me not only some skills at work, but also taught me how to interact with others and how to solve some difficult problems, I would like to thank my friends in the companies for their help. 2. With whom do you prefer to spend your holiday, your parents or your friends? why? I prefer to spend my holiday with my parents. Because most of us are studying far away from home, we will meet our parents twice or only once in a year, as their children ,they miss us and we miss them, holiday is a good chance for us to have a reunion, to have a dinner or have a party together, usually we talk about some interesting things happened, it is a happy time for my family, and we enjoy the moment. I will choose to meet my friends when we are in schools, though we are in different places, we can choose a place to travel together during a short holiday. If we don’t have many classes, my friends will come to my school ,and we meet each other. 3.What festival do you like best? Why? Spring Festival. Three reasons. First, Spring festival is normal, we celebrate it once a year. But, it's abno rmal because it’s unique festival by Chinese. Second, Spring Festival is the most solemn and folk traditional festival, which represented to bid farewell to the end of the old year and welcome in the new year. Finally, we have a family reunion during the holiday. Usually, this is the only chance for family members to meet. And this is the most important reason why I like Spring Festival best. 4.How do you spend that festival? I'd like to say how we celebrating this festival traditionally. The festival atmosphere getting stronger and stronger during the last lunar month before the Spring Festival Eve, people do Spring Festival shopping to prepare all the stuffs that they’re going to eat and use for celebration and the several days after the eve. That’s a bi g holiday for kids, they wear new clothes; they get red packets from parents and eldership; we fire fireworks, every kid has the experience that expecting the Spring Festival for the year. For family, relatives meets each other at this time, have family reunion dinner is the mainly activity. Recently, many people choose travel during the Spring Festival vacation; they get relaxation both from travel itself

新视野大学英语1读写教程

新视野大学英语1读写教程

Unite 1 一、Words in use选词填空 Explore(v.勘探，探测) transmit(v.传送，传递，传播) resource(n.资源) emerge(v.出现，为···所公认) yield(v.产生，出产，屈从，让步) pose(v.摆姿势，导致) assume(v.认为，假定，假设) confidence(n.信任信赖，自信心) inherit(v.沿袭，秉承，继承) c omprehensive(a.综合的，多方面的) 1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regained confidence and began to succeed in school. 2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some part s are very deep. 3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared. 4. We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do, the y do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable. 5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability. 6. After a(n) comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high. 7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources an d a very big population. 8. Some people believe that the earth can yield enough food to support at least twice its present population.