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高考英语总复习 并列句的用法

高考英语总复习 并列句的用法
高考英语总复习 并列句的用法

并列句的用法

英语并列句的用法是中学英语教学中的重点和难点,也是历年全国各地中考英语必考的语法项目之一。为了帮助广大读者系统复习备考,笔者参考了一些语法专著和学术论文,对英语并列句的用法进行整理归纳,以期有助于你们提高复习应试效率,在高考英语考试中取得优异的成绩。

一、并列句的构成

并列句是由并列连词and,but,or,for,so,while, when, not only…but also…, neither…nor…等把两个或两个以上互不依从,但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。例如:

I teach English and my wife teaches Chinese. 我教英语。而我妻子教中文。

Mr. Cheng is very old, but he works hard like a young man. 程老师虽然上了年纪, 但是工作起来像青年人一样卖力。

Are you a teacher or a student? 你是老师还是学生?

We are having class while some students are talking in low voices. 我们在上课,然而几个学生在低声说话。

He was about to read when the light went out.他正要读书,这时灯突然熄灭了。

Not only is Mr. Li interested in English but also his students are interested in it. 不但李老师而且他的学生也对英语感兴趣。

二、并列句的分类

1. 表示同等关系的并列句

用来连接两个并列概念。这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句,and常译为“和”、“并且”,也可不译出来。例如:

Jack likes playing football and he plays well.杰克喜欢踢足球,并且踢得很好。

Last year l met Tom and we became friends.去年我和汤姆相遇,我们俩成了朋友。

2. 表示转折关系的并列句

表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折,这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是),yet(可是),while(而,另一方面),however(可是)等连接前后简单句,but常译为“但是”,“可是”,切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如:

It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴,但是它会说话。

School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了,可是老师们仍然在工作。

He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家,而我则想当科学家。

It's raining heavily outside, however, we must go out. 外面雨下得很大,然而我们必须出去。

3. 表示选择关系的并列句

这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者,否则)等连接前后简单句。

or有两重含义:

(1)译为“或者”,表示选择。例如:

Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息,或者去看电影。

He can stay here and take care of Jane or he can go home to cook.他待在这儿照顾简或者回家做饭。

(2)译为“否则”、“要不然”,表示条件。例如:

You must tell the truth,or you will be punished.你必须说真话,否则你将会受到惩罚。

He tried his best to leave the place, or he lost his life. 他设法离开该地,要不然他就失去性命。

4. 表示因果关系的并列句

这类并列句常用并列连词for,so等连接前后简单句。

(1)for在意义上与从属连词because,since和as相同,但它们引导的是原因状语从句,而for则连接两简单句,前者表示结果,后者表示原因。其结构为:简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。例如:He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友,因为他是个诚实的男子汉。

Get down on your knees, for I’m going to kill you. 跪下,因为我要杀死你。

(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”,但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词,而so是并列连词,用来连接并列句。其结构为:简单句(原因) + so简单句(结果)。例如:

I missed the first bus, so I was late for class. 我误了第一班车,所以我上课迟到了。

Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead.李老师回家乡去了,所以王老师替他上课。

5. 其他形式的并列句

(1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果,谓语常用一般将来时。and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。例如:

Study hard, and you can go to key university. 好好学习,你就能上重点大学。

Use your head, and you will find a way.动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。

(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如:

Stop, or I will fire. 站住,要不然我开枪了。

Study hard, or you will fall behind the others.努力学习,否则你就会落于别人。

(3)“either...or”结构表示“不是……就是……”,“或者……或者……”,例如:

Either you will remain here or you will leave.你不是留在这儿就是离开。

Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事,或者我婶婶也可以做。

习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.

(4) “not only…but also”意思为“不仅……而且……”,例如:

Not only have the students missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car.不仅学生,而且他们的老师都误了校车。

(5) “neither…nor…”结构,意为“既不……也不……”,“两者都不……”,用法与either …or…,意为“要么……要么……”not only …but also…意为“不但……而且……”的用法基本相同:都是连接两个并列对等成分。例如:

He studies neither physics nor chemistry.他既不学习物理也不学习化学。

He studies neither Chinese nor English.

= He doesn’t study either Chinese or Englis h.

(6)when 连接两个分句,意为“……这时(突然)……”。例如:

Mary was walking on her home when two big boys stopped her. 玛丽在回家的路上走,这时两个大个子男孩拦住他。

The teacher was to explain the problem when the bell rang. 老师正要解释那个题目这时下课铃响了。

三、使用并列句要注意的几种情况

1. 并列句有时可不用连词,而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。例如:

They fished all day; they didn't catch a fish. 他们钓了一天的鱼,一条鱼也没钓到。

2. 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。例如:

My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父亲在工厂工作,母亲在学校工作。

3. 由so, nor, neither连接的并列句,后一简单句为避免重复,其成份常倒装并省略一些。例如:

He Ling is not a student, nor am I. 何玲不是学生, 我也不是。

Mary can swim, so can I. 玛丽会游泳, 我也会。

四、并列句的典型例题分析

并列句是全国各地中考英语必考的语法项目之一,主要考查学生在特定的语言环境下对并列连词and,but,or,for,so等的掌握与运用情况,大多以单项填空、完形填空形式出现,有时也会出现在句子改错和短文改错题型中。例如:

1. Work hard, _______ you will pass the driving test.

A. or

B. but

C. because

D. and

解析:“努力学习”,“你就会通过驾驶考试”,两者之间是并列关系,应用句式“祈使句+and+简单句”。答案:D

2. Stop cutting trees, _______ the earth will become worse and worse.

A. and

B. then C but D. or

解析:根据句意,前后是转折关系,应用句式“祈使句+or+简单句”。答案:D

3. They bought Granny a present ________ she liked it very much.

A. and

B. so

C. but

解析:本题前后两句表示并列关系。答案:A

4. They all went to the cinema _________ I didn't.

A. get

B. or

C. but

D. so

解析:本题的前后意思带有转折关系。答案:C

5. — Hello, Mr. Huang!

—I'm sorry, _______ I don't think I know you.

A. and

B. or

C. but

D. because

解析:本题的前后意思带有转折关系,but此处意为“可是”。答案:C

6. The little boy is very young _______ he can look after himself well.

A. So

B. but

C. if

D. or

解析:本题的前后两句有明显的转折关系。答案:B

7. Bill put his hands behind his back, _______ nobody could see his hands.

A. so

B. and

C. or

D. but

解析:从上下文可知nobody could see his hands的原因是Bill put his hands behind his back,所以应该用so来表示结果。答案:A

8. Neither you nor I _______ from Canada. We are from Australia.

A. is

B. are

C. am

D. be

解析:“neither…nor…”结构意为“既不……也不……”,“两者都不……”,连接主语时,谓语动词应与其邻近的主语保持一致。答案:C

9. —We get knowledge _______from books ________from life.

—Yes, both are important.

A. either;or

B. not only;but also C neither;nor D. not;but

解析:根据句子的逻辑意思,本题应该选B。“not only…but also”意为“不仅……而且……”,用于连接两个并列的内容,做主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。答案:B

五、2013年全国高考真题链接

3.(2013北京卷)Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs you could have problems

5.(2013江西卷)What a terrible experience ! ________, you’re safe now ------ that’s the main thing.

六、专项训练

一、用适当的并列连词填空:

1、He couldn’t know the truth about me, he wouldn’t treat me like this.

2、The bell is ringing the lesson is over.

3、Although he was ill, he kept on working.

4、I can’t make up my mind we will go to Shanghai we will stay in our city.

5、He doesn’t talk much, he thinks a lot.

6、It must have rained last night the ground is still wet.

7、The president will visit the town in May he will open the new hospital.

8、Jane was dressed in green Mary was dressed in blue.

9、he did not speak distinctly I did not hear it clearly.

10、He is clever, , he often makes mistakes.

11、did we write to her we called up her.

12、He hasn’t any money I’m going to lend him some.

13、The child was sick; he, , didn’t go to school.

14、Mary was neither happy, was she sad.

15、Put on more clothes, you’ll catch cold.

【答案】1、or 2、and 3、still / yet 4、when, or 5、but 6、for 7、when 8、while 9、Either, or 10、however 11、Not only, but also 12、so 13、therefore 14、nor 15、or 综上所述,经过适当集中复习,平时反复循环练习,就能熟练地掌握英语并列句用法,在英语考试中取得较为理想的成绩,立于不败之地。

使役动词的用法

标题句:His mother made him get a pack of sugar. 结构:使役动词的用法 所谓「使役」,就是叫人家去做事情,如: 1. 老师叫John 到办公室拿他的书 2. 爸爸叫我明天下午要洗车子 这类的动词,英文中称为「使役动词」,有make, have, let 三个。这三个动词的最大特色,也是必须注意的事项是,其后的第二个动词是用「原形动词」,不可再加to。所以前述的两个例子的英文是: 4. The teacher made/had John get his book in the office. (注:在当作「使役动词」用法中,make = have。) 5. Father makes/has me wash the car tomorrow afternoon.以上两句的使役动词均故意用不同的时态,如此可以清楚地看出其后的加黑动词仍是用「原形动词」。对于「使役动词」的用法,建议背好底下的常用句子: Let's go.(我们走吧!) 这一句不但常用,且句子很短,go 用原形动词,可突显出「使役动词+ 原形动词」的特殊用法。 容易造成混淆的其它动词:「使役动词」只有三个,特殊用法记起来就没事,但依经验显示,真正会造成学习扣分的原因,在于有些动词的对应中文意思和「使役动词」很类似,故容易和上述的「使役动词」混在一起。这些动词有want (要...;叫...) 及ask (要求...)。这两个动词后的第二个动词,并不是用原形动词,而是和其它的大多数的动词一样,是要加to 的不定词。参照底下的例句: 7. The teacher wanted John to get his book in the office. 8. Father wants me to wash the car tomorrow afternoon. 9. Mr. Wang asked them to sit there yesterday.

高考英语复习方法总结单词讲解与分词讲解.doc

高考英语复习方法总结:单词讲解与分词讲 解 高考英语复习方法总结:单词讲解与分词讲解 高考英语复习方法总结:分词讲解 我们要讨论一下英语中一种非常重要的动词变化形式----三种非谓语动词的形式,即动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和两种分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。今天我们着重讲一下分词。 分词,是动词的一种变化形式,只是这样变化完成之后,原先动词所具有的动作意义明显减弱了,更偏向于英语中形容词和副词的语法作用,因此在句中主要充当定语、状语和补足语。并且,使用分词可以起到简化定语从句和状语从句的作用,也就是分词可以起到定语和状语从句的语法作用,这一点我们会在下面的讲解中慢慢体会。 一、分词做定语 1、现在分词做定语 现在分词做定语主要有两种意义 (1)、表示主动、一般的动作 我们说过,分词是定语从句的简化,在分词表示这种意义时,若将分词改成定语从句,定语从句谓语动词要用一般现在时。此时,现在分词多数表示的是所修饰名词的一种持久性特点。 e.g a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles everyone The exploring > (2)、表示主动地、正在进行的动作

此时现在分词所表示的是所修饰名词的一种短暂性特点,强调正在发生的动作 e.g falling leaves=leaves that are falling 2、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语,也有两种意义 (1)、表示被动的、一般的或完成的动作 此时动词一般为及物动词,此时若将分词改成定语从句,定语从句谓语动词要用被动语态 e.g the exploited > The boiled water=the water that has been boiled(表示完成) (2)、主动地、完成的动作 由及物动词变来的过去分词才有被动意义,而由不及物动词变来的过去分词则不表示被动,只表示主动完成的语态。 e.g a retired general=a general that has retired. 总结:现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是: A.从语态角度来讲,现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义(不及物动词的过去分词除外)。 B.从时态角度来讲,现在分词一般表示进行的动作,过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词做状语 分词做状语,其实就是相应的状语从句简化的结果,可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随 1、表示时间,分词短语一般至于句首。

高考英语考纲重点词汇用法总结

英语考纲重点词汇用法总结 n.名词pron.代词adj.形容词adv.副词v.动词vi.不vt. 及物动词 prep.介词conj.连词interj.感叹词 A 1.able unable ability n. disable vt.使残废disabled adj.残废的 2.about be about to do sth.即将做...... 3.above---below over---under 4.accept~ A as B 把A当作B接受/接纳cf. receive 5.accident accidental adj.偶然的;偶发的by ~/chance偶然地 6.ache n./ vi. toothache backache headache 7.across---through across the world=all over the world 8.act v./n. action n. active adj. actively adv. activity n.活动 act as...扮演;充当be active in...=take an active part in...积极参加act...out表演出 9.actual adj. actually adv.事实上 10.add v. addition n. additional adj.附加的;额外的 add to sth.增强add A to B把A加到B上去add...up把......加起来 而且 add up to sth.合计为;意思是in addition=what’s more=besides 11.admire vt. admiration n. admirer n. ~ sb. for sth因......钦佩某人in admiration钦佩地 12.admit vt.承认;录取admission n. admitted admitting admit doing sth. be admitted into a college被......录取 13.advance v. advanced adj.先进的;高级的in ~ = ahead of time提前 14.advice u.n. advise vt. give sb. advice on sth. advise sb. to do sth./ advise doing sth. cf. advise与persuade 15.affair n.事物family/foreign/love ~s 16.afford vt. can ~ (to do) sth. 17.afraid adj. I’m ~ so/not.恐怕是这样/不是这样。 18.Africa n. African n./adj. Asia---Asian America---American Europe---European Australia---Australian Austria---Austrian奥地利人(的)Canada---Canadian 19.again~ and ~=over and over=time and again反复地once ~=once more=~又一次 20.three years ago(一般过去时)three years before(过去完成时) 21.agree vt. agreement n.协议agreeable adj.可爱的 ~ to sth.同意某事~ on sth(经讨论)达成共识~ with sb.同意某人 come to/arrive at/reach an agreement达成协议 22.agriculture n. agricultural adj. industry---industrial 23.aim n./v. ~ at...瞄准;意思是 24.alive adj.(表语形容词) eat sth ~ bury sb. ~ catch sb. ~ Cf. living活着的live现场直播的lively活泼的 25.air n. in the ~在空中on the ~在播出by ~乘飞机 26.allow vt. allowance n.补助金;补贴 ~ sb. to do sth. ~ doing sth. ~ for...考虑到;酌量Smoking is not ~ed here. 27.almost adv.几乎(可接否定词) nearly adv.(不接否定词)I have seen almost no such book before. 28.alone adj./adv.独自的;单独的lonely adj.寂寞的;孤独的 29.along adv./ prep. all ~=all the time一直 30.although conj.虽然;尽管though conj. 虽然;尽管though adv.尽管如此(句末) 31.anger n. angry adj. hunger n. hungry adj. 32.announce vt. announcement n. make an announcement 33.another pron. one after ~= one by one another three chairs= three more/ other chairs 34.always adv. for ~/ good/ ever永远He is ~ talking in class.(反感) He is ~ asking clever questions.(赞扬) 35.answer n./v. the ~ to the question in ~ to响应;回答

使役动词的用法详解(用))

使役动词的用法详解 使役动词 1.使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有leave.get.keep.make(使,令),let(让),help(帮助), have(有;让;从事;允许;拿)等。 2.使役动词后接受词,再接原形不定词作受词补语。 接宾语时,人称代词用宾格。 He made me(宾格)laugh. 他使我发笑。 I let him go. 我让他走开。 I helped him repair the car. 我帮他修理汽车。 Please have him come here. 请叫他到这里来。 3.使役动词还可以接过去分词作受词补语。 I have my hair cut every month. 我每个月理发。 4.使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定词。 (主)He made me laugh. 他使我笑了。 (被)I was made to laugh by him. 我被他逗笑了。

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