研究生基础 英语课文原文

Unit 2Text A

A Wedding Gift

I had always dreamed of being proposed to in a Parisian cafe, under dazzling stars, like the one in a Van Gogh knockoff that hangs in my studio apartment. Instead, my boyfriend asked me to marry him while I was wandering the bathroom mirror.

At 40 years old, it was my turn. I had gracefully stepped aside and watched both my twin sister and our baby sister take the matrimonial plunge before me? I had been a bridesmaid seven times and a maid of honor three times. 1 had more pastel-colored, taffeta dresses than a consignment shop.

My fiancé, George, and I are Greek-American, but we wanted a simple, elegant affair. No entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. No silly slideshow revealing details of our courtship. This would be an intimate gathering, neither big nor fat, with 100 or so guests. In our families that is intimate.

My job as a publicist to a monomaniacal orchestra conductor had just vanished, so I had lots of time to devote to my new project. George, who worked 60 hours a week as a pharmacist, now had a second job: listening to me whine about the wedding. After all, this was my show, and I was the director.

But the more time and effort 1 put in, the more the universe tried to thwart me. The Greek band from Los Angeles that I wanted wasn't available. The stitching I had requested for my cathedral veil was all wrong. My ivory silk gown was being quarantined somewhere in Singapore. And with our wedding just a few weeks away, I was annoyed that most of my guests were responding after the deadline.

Then I received the call from my mother, petite and brimming with energy at 68, who a few days before had been so thrilled about the wedding. She’d been to the doctor for her annual checkup. Although she felt fine, the diagnosis was stomach cancer.

Over the next few days, the question became not "What kind of wedding?" but "Wedding?" I had thought of it as my Big Day. I realized that a Big Day without my mother would be no day at all. Not having my dad, who passed away three years before, to walk me down the aisle was painful, but the thought of not having Mom there was unbearable.

Within a few days, I moved back home to Seattle from New York City and postponed the ceremony. I switched from navigating wedding plans to navigating the health-care system. I had picked out the song to be played for our first dance as a husband and wife, but now 1 was hard-pressed to remember what it was. My wedding, like a dream, was vanishing against the harsh reality of illness.

Meanwhile, my two sisters and I, who lived in three different cities, were united once again in a hospital waiting room. My twin sister flew in from Chicago despite being eight months pregnant. Our baby sister, who'd been looking after Mom since Dad's death, was gripped by fear as the familiar sights and smells were eerily reminiscent of his final days. After consulting with doctors, we learned that stomach surgery was Mom's only option. We took the first opening.

On a drab autumn morning, as sheets of rain relentlessly poured over Seattle, Mom was admitted to the Swedish Cancer Institute. During a five-hour operation, surgeons removed two thirds of her stomach. Pacing in the waiting room, terrified, I wondered what the future held for all of us.

George flew out to be with me. "There's no place I'd rather be," he said. For three

nights he slept on the dank floor in the hospital waiting area wrapped in a tattered sheet with a soiled sofa cushion under his head. A week after the operation, the surgeon gave us his prognosis: "The cancer has not spread," he said. Those were some of the loveliest words in the English language. George squeezed my hand as tears trickled down my face.

The weeks that followed were exhausting. My mother had to rethink her diet, and I had to figure out what to prepare. Decadent Greek meals were replaced by tiny portions and lots of protein, which would help mend the six-inch incision that ran from her breastbone past her navel. Protein would also bolster her immune system for the chemo and radiation that might follow.

Until then, my idea of cooking had been microwaving the doggie bag from the chi-chi restaurant I'd eaten at the night before. But after two months, I mastered poached eggs and T-bone steaks. What's more, caring for my Mom made me realize how consummately she had cared for all of us. I'll never forget when I went to see her in the intensive-care unit, just a few hours after her surgery. She was strung out with a myriad of plastic tubes protruding from her arms, nose, and mouth." Liz, make sure you eat something," she said in a strained, raspy voice.

Forget Paris. Mom's full recovery was my dream now.

Recently, she went for a follow-up C-T scan. As she removed her gold wedding band for the exam, her fragile 98-pound frame trembled. There would be this scan, and many more. But the doctor said," Everything looks good." Soon, my mother will be walking me down the aisle. I've forgotten what kind of stitching is in my veil. But when I remove it from my face , I’ll be staring at the two people I love beyond all reason: my soon-to-be husband and the woman who showed me what' s really important.

Unit 2 Text B Wedded Dis

In February，I got engaged to a guy who I believe to be the most amazing man alive．I feel so lucky，and I am very much in love．I cannot wait to be married·Since I have been engaged，while I have gotten a lot of congratulatory wishes from friends，some older，more cynical people just won’t let me be. I have heard the following comments, knocking me from my I’m -getting -married -to -the -love -of -my –life pedestal: "It will never last," "You won't even make it to the altar," "Marriage is so difficult," "It's so hard to make it work" and my favorite, accompanied by an eye roll and a horribly sarcastic tone, "Good luck to you!" I get lectures on the struggles that lie ahead, looks of sympathy, and speeches on how terrible my life will be in about l0 years when I will apparently hate my husband. Can't anyone just let me be happy? People love my fiancé and no one has ever said that I am not ready. So why is this such a mistake? Why do some adults who have had bad experiences decide to kill my happiness with nasty remarks instead of just saying congratulations?

Don’t get me wrong，I have not allowed my happiness to overpower my common sense. I know all about the struggles of marriage．I know all about the heartache：that children can strain a marriage，that money issues can blow up，that a couple can lose their connection，that job stress can take a toll and that changing and growing older can aid in the dissolution of what once was real love．I know it’s not always easy or fun，and that it's not perfect forever.

I saw this firsthand when my parents were divorced last year. I watched their once

-perfect union fall apart amid unhappiness, pain, desperation, frustration, sadness and anger. Marriage can be a beautiful journey，but it isn’t for everyone．My mom and dad are much happier apart．I thought I wouldn’t want to be married after living through that until I met the man of my dreams and he changed my mind．

My fiancé has incredible parents. They have been together since they were in high school, more than 30 years, and they have five children, crazy work schedules, and the same issues as everyone else. But they are an exception because they are still madly in love. It's a breath of fresh air to be with them. I see in them a love that is different and I think that I have that as well. You never know where life will take you, but I think it is a dangerous assumption that a marriage can never work out, or that it isn't worth a try. It can last. My future in-laws are proof that a marriage can withstand the many potential catastrophes and last a lifetime.

My relationship with my fiancéis not perfect. But it is fantastic.Being with him brings out a better and happier version of me．He makes me laugh harder than anyone else.We have a healthy and wonderful way of communicating. But most importantly,I love him without condition. And he loves me for who I am without judgment, without complaining about how messy I am or getting annoyed at how crazy and neurotic I can be. We always put each other first and always make time for each other no matter how busy our world gets. He is as excited as I am to get married, and together we are confident in our compatibility and our ability to last forever. We have the example of his parents and mine,examples to learn from,what mistakes not to make, and how to create a stable foundation that will last beyond the present time．

One day, I may look back with stale, wrinkled eyes and see a silly little girl who didn’t know what she was talking about. One day my relationship may not be as wonderful as it is now. But I am not going to go into marriage waiting for everything to fall apart, I’m not planni ng ahead for my divorce or imagining myself as a walking statistic. When I say ―I do,‖I am saying I promise to love forever; not ―until this isn’t perfect and l want out.‖I mean forever.

When I was younger, I dreamed about getting married. I dressed up in my mom’s wedding dress and veil, put on ridiculous amounts of poorly-placed pink blush, carried a bouquet of fake flowers from the vase on the kitchen table and thought about how wonderful it would be to do that for real. I know now that the dream I had of married life was a little too optimistic and hopeful to say the least.

Now I have a gorgeous wedding dress of my own. I’ll wear it proudly and say―I do!‖ and dance and eat cake that costs way too much money. I will enjoy that one amazing day with all of my being. But I know that day will end, and once it’s over, I have to make plans for the future, and my husband and l will have to work hard to reach our mutual goals．And I’ll try with everything I am to prove to everyone that we can make it work，to make the 6-year-old version of me proud.

So, for all of you divorced folk out there, or those of you unhappily married, or those who are just plain cynical, I am sorry that you aren’t crazy in love anymore. I’m sorry if you never found someone who makes you catch your breath. But for now, let me have my fun, let me back in the glory of ridiculous, consuming, delicious, beautiful, wonderful, once-in-a-lifetime love. You don't have to tell me what I already know. For now, just let me be happy.

Unit 3Text A Tracing the cigarette’s path from sexy to deadly

Unit 3Text B Marketing to your mind

Unit 5 Text A

Aristotle Got It Right

Well-being, not just wealth, should mark the progress of our societies. It is hard to escape the fact that in developed societies, despite progress, innovation and prosperity, there is nothing not quite right. In some cases, it is hard for people to put a finger on it: a feeling of emptiness and not belonging, a lack of defined relationships and solid social structures. In other respects, it is really quantifiable:rates of drug abuse, violent crime and depression and suicide are rocketing. Why are we unhappy?It seems that the Enlightenment brought forth unparalleled liberty in economic,social and political life, but we are now undergoing a midlife crisis.

The politics of happiness is nothing new. In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle said that eudaimonia, or happiness , is the goal of life. But for me , the person who brings the great conundrum of personal happiness is Robert Kennedy . In a beautiful1y crafted speech , he said what "makes life worthwhile" is "the health of our children ,the quality of their education, the joy of their play,""the strength of our marriages… our devoti on to our country"and our "wit ... wisdom and courage." And he pointed out that none of these could be measured by gross national product.

Nor could we be surprised by the politics of happiness. Ask people how they are, and they will answer in terms of their family life, community life and work life, rather than just what they are paid.

Despite this , it is a notoriously difficult subject for politicians to grasp. One reason is that happiness and well-being are generally not well served by statistical analysis. Politicians, obsessed with inputs and outputs , targets and controls, are flummoxed by immeasurable concepts such as the value people place on spending time with their families. Another reason ,which is related , is that electoral cycles lend themselves to a culture of short-termism, with a need for immediate, quantifiable measurements and results.

One such measurement is GDP. In many ways , increasing this has been the raison dêtre for many center-right political parties since the 1980s. Back then, many developed economics were in a state of economic malaise, with persistently high inflation and unemployment. We needed something to reverse this stagnation and put us back onto the path of prosperity. Thankfully, we got that.

Today we need to be just as revolutionary to put us back on track to social prosperity: to respond to that yearning for happiness. That is why I have been arguing in Britain that we need to refocus our energies on GWB—general well-being. It means recognizing the social,cultural and moral factors that give true meaning to our lives. In particular, it means focusìng on a sustainable environment and building stronger societies. And yes, it also means recognizing that there is more to life than money: indeed, that quality of life means more than the quantity of money.

I thìnk the center-right can be the champions of this cause. The center-left never really get the well-being agenda because they treat indivìduals as units of account. And they find it difficult to understand how it cannot be delivered simply by the push of a legislator's pen.

Instead , the politics of well-being is a polìtics that needs to be founded on sharing responsibility. of course, government must take its own responsibilities. But that needs to be part of a wider cultural change: a cultural change that will occurs as a consequence of

legislation, leadership and social change.

What' s the government's role? It is to show leadership and set the framework. Showing leadership means leading the change in the many areas that impact on well-being. For example, everyone would agree that spending more time with family is crucial to happiness . Here governments should be pioneers of flexible working with public-sector employees.

Setting the right framework means creating incentives and removing barriers to remodel the context within which the whole of society makes choices. Take the environment for example. Everyone would agree that a cleaner local environment would enhance our well-being. By setting a framework that creates a price for carbon in our economy and encourages green innovation, the government can help people make the better choice.

Ultimately, society's happiness requires us all to play our part. Indeed, playing our part is part of being happy. That is why we need a revolution in responsibility. Corporate responsibility means businesses taking a provocative role, and taking account of their employees' lives. Civic responsibility means giving power back to local government, community organizations and social enterprises so they can formulate local solutions to local problems. And personal responsibility means we all do our bit in cleaning up our local environment or participating in local politics.

Neil Browne, professor of economics at Bowling Green State University, recently wrote an article: " If Markets Are So Wonderful , Why Can't I Find Friends at the Store ?" It is not that markets are bad or that we are all doomed to a life of perpetual unhappiness. Rather, given our advances in terms of political freedom, economic enterprise and cultural ingenuity, life could, and should, be more satisfying. That is why focusing on general well-being could be the big, defining political concept of the 21st century. And by recognizing the responsibility every section of society has, we also have the means to enhance it.

Unit 5 Text B Finding your true calling

Unit 6 Text A

Give globalization a hand

Here's a fact worth reiterating: despite the severe shocks and imbalances that have hit it off and on during the early years of this century, the world economy continues to grow, with low inflation. Of course, performance varies across countries and continents, but there are two generalizations you can make: The already rich countries keep enjoying expanding economies, and in the rest of the world millions of people overcome poverty every year, thanks to economic growth. Is there a force underlying this benign evolution that transcends national borders?Yes. That force is international economic integration or globalization, if you wish. The market economy's capacity to fulfill human needs is being enhanced to an unprecedented extent by international trade and investment.

National economies have become increasingly interdependent, and on the whole this process has added scale, flexibility and productivity to the global economy.Facilitated by modern transportation and communications and the elimination of trade barriers, specialization - that crucial vehicle of the market economy--has become more and more sophisticated, as shown by the complexity and efficiency of contemporary supply chains. In today's global economy, firms and countries no longer specialize in the production of goods alone but increasingly in the finer tasks that make up the manufacturing, commercial and financial processes, bringing about lower costs, better quality and more choices for consumers.

Great Source of Strongth

Globalization is providing the world with not only greater economic opportunities but also a remarkable resilience to events that in the past would have proven highly disruptive. If you considerecent regional wars, terrorism, the skyrocketing prices of oil and other commodities, and the laxity in the fiscal and monetary policies of some of the major economies, you may conclude that it's only through the globalization of the market economy that we've been able to sail through such stormy waters.

For example, the slack in global demand created by the sluggishness in the European and Japanese economies during past years was more than compensated for by the rapid and vigorous globalization of China and other emerging economies.The new' players have made world trade more dynamic and enlarged the pool of world savings available to nance the substantial current account deficits2 incurred by the U.S. in recellt years. Although of questionable sustainability and convenience in the medium and long term, these deficits have nevertheless helped to support overall demand and growth in the short term— without, as yet, shaking international financial stability. The sharp increase in commodity prices over the last three years has not led to unbearable inflationary pressure because of the increasing presence of labor-abundant countries in world markets and the rise in productivity brought about by the intensification of global competition. Don't Forget History

Globalization has, in short, been an incredible force for good in the world. But is this force inexhaustible? Unfortunately, no. Modern globalization has so far proved stronger than the forces and events arrayed against it, but there's no guarantee this will always be the case. Just as with any other economic or social phenomenon, globalization faces risks that could challenge its growth or, worse, cause its reversal.This has happened before, most dramatically in 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, the beginning of the end of an extraordinary expansion in international trade,investment and migration that

had taken place during most of the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Historians and economists increasingly remind us that human folly could once again cause the unthinkable. The inability to prevent violent conflict, as well as faulty policies in the face of economic adversity, were at the root of the incredible destruction of life, capital, trade and prosperity suffered by the pre-baby-boom generations of the 20th century. The strategies to tackle a new wave of globalization reversal are no mystery; they were learned through hard experience.

The pursuit of progress and security at the global level starts by every country's keeping its house in order, especially those that have a responsibility to lead by example. Part of this includes a country's supporting, in a rational way, its own people as they adapt to the rigors inherent in free and open markets. Another essential component is rules-based international cooperation, particularly when it comes to containing or dissipating geopolitical threats to global stability.

Following World War 2 this concept of cooperation was embodies in various institutions and covenants,which,for the most part,worked well for many https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c316389176.html,tely,however,the value of international cooperation seems to have been forgotten.More frequently than not international laws.agreements and institutions are bypassed,and various attempts to update these indispensable instruments have failed roundly.Thy vision and leadership that created and sustained them over time is now missing.We were harshly reminded of this vacuum this summer,first with the latest collapse of the Doha Round and hen with a new military conflagration in the Middle East.Fortunately,the latter has—at least for the time being—been subdued,revealingly,by old-fashioned diplomacy and an institution much vilified in recent years:the United Nations.

Unit 6 Text B All Cultures Are Not Equal

Let’s say you are an 18-year-old kid with a really big brain.You’re t rying to figure out which field of study you should devote your life to ,so you can understand the forces that will be shaping history for decades to come.Go into the field certain national traits endure over centuries.why certain cultures.why certain cultures embrace technology and economic growth others resist them.

This is the line of inquiry that is now impolite to pursue. The gospel of multiculturalism preaches that all groups and cultures are equally wonderful.There are a certain number of close-minded thugs,especially on university campuses,who accuse anybody who asks intelligent questions about groups and enduring traits of being racist or sexist.The economists and scientists tend to assume that material factors drive history—resources and brain chemistry—because that’s what they can measure and count.

But none of this helps explain a crucial feature of our time: while global economies are converging, cultures are diverging, and the widening cultural differences are leading us into a period of conflict, inequality and segmentation. Not long ago, people said that globalization and the revolution in communications technology would bring us all together. But the opposite is true. People are taking advantage of freedom and technology to create new groups and cultural zones. Old national identities and behavior patterns are proving surprisingly durable. People are moving into self-segregating communities with people like themselves, and building invisible and sometimes visible barriers to keep strangers out.

If you look just around the United States you find amazing cultural segmentation. We in America have been ―globalized‖ (meaning economically integrated) for centuries, and yet far from converging into some homogeneous culture, we are actually diverging into lifestyle segments. The music, news, magazine and television markets have all segmented, so there are fewer cultural unifiers like life magazine or Walter Cronkite.

Forty-million Americans move every year, and they generally move in with people like themselves, so as the late James Chapin used to say, every place becomes more like itself. Crunchy places like Boulder attract crunchy types and become crunchier. Conservative places like suburban Georgia attract conservatives and become more so. Not long ago, many people worked on farms or in factories, so they had similar lifestyles. But now the economy rewards specialization, so workplaces and lifestyles diverge. The military and civilian cultures diverge. In the political world, Democrats and Republicans seem to live on different planets.

Meanwhile ,if you look around the world you see how often events are driven by groups that reject the globalize culture. Islamic extremists reject the modern cultures of Europe ,and have created a hyperaggressive fantasy version of traditional Islamic purity.In a much different and less violent way ,some American Jews have moved to Hebron and become hyper-Zionists.From Africa to Seattle,religiously orthodox students reject what they see as the amoral mainstream culture,and carve out defiant revival movements .From Rome to Oregon ,anti-globalization types create their own subculture .The members of these and many other groups did not inherit their identities .They took advantage of modernity,affluence and freedom to become practitioners of a do-it-yourself tribalism.They are part of a great reshuffling of identities ,and the creation of new,often more rigid groupings.They have the zeal of

converts.

Meanwhile,transnational dreams like European unification and Arab unity falter,and behaviour patterns across nations diverge.For example,fertility rates between countries like the U.S. and Canada are diverging.Work habits between the U.S. And Europe are diverging. Global inequality widens as some nations with certain cultural traits prosper and others with other traits don not.

People like Max Weber , Edward Banfield , Samuel Huntington, Lawrence Harrison and Thomas So well have given us an inkling of how to think about this stuff,but for the most part,this is open ground.If you are 18 and you have got that big brain,the whole field of cultural geography is waiting for you.

Unit 7 Text A

The Cult of Celebrity Professors

Few species have as many natural enemies as the celebrity professor. Other academics envy their money and fame; journalists dislike their cleverer-than-thou airs; and everybody hates their determination to have it all—the security of academic tenure and the glitz of media stardom. So these are happy days for the rest of us. Plagiarism, lying, waffle-mongering: hardly a week goes by without some academic celebrity or other biting the dust, his reputation in tatters.

Stephen Ambrose was arguably Americ a’s favorite historian, a man who wrote bestsellers faster than most people read them. An inspirer of Hollywood blockbusters, he can also claim credit for two of the best presidential biographies around, on Eisenhower and Nixon. But it now turns out that five of his books contain extensive ―borrowings‖ from other historians. (―I’m not writing a PhD‖, he has offered as an explanation—an unsurprising claim, as he would not get one for somebody else’s work.)

Mr. Ambrose must be grateful that attention has shifted to another cutter and paster, Doris Kearns Goodwin. She was a fixture on American television, always ready with a telling a necdote on, say, Lyndon Johnson (whom she knew) or Abraham Lincoln (the subject of h er next blockbuster).Her handling of the plagiarism charges against her has arguably been worse than the charges themselves. In the last 1980s she quietly mollified one of her chief victims, paying her some money. Now she explains her behavior by the fact that she relied on handwritten notes—something other historians have managed to do without such dire consequences. Amazingly, Ms. Goodwin remains on Harvard’s board of overseers, despite the fact that she committed sins that might get an undergraduate expelled.

The hunt is now on for the next serial plagiarist. Meanwhile, other charges are also being hurled at celebrity professors. Take compulsive lying. Joseph Ellis, the author of a

first-rate study of the Founding Fathers, told the students that he had fought in Vietnam when the closest he came to combat was sitting in a university library. Or take hypocrisy. Paul krugman, a professor of economics at Princeton University, used his column in the New York Times to Savage the Bush administration for its links to Enron, when the fearless professor had himself received ＄37,500 from the energy firm. Or take general flatulence. A squabble between Larry Summers, Harvard’s combative new president, and Cornel West, a professor of black students , alerted the world to the latter’s recent work, which turns out to be a mixture of post-structuralist mumbojumbo, religious rhetoric and rap music. More should be expected from one of only 17 people to hold the exaltedtitle of university professor at Harvard.

Is this a case of a few bad apples? In public intellectual (Harvard University Press) Richard Posner, a federal judge, argues that it is the whole barrel. Although the book looks at all sorts of thinkers(not just whorish academics),Mr. Posner suggests that celebrity professors owe their influence to a fraud. They build their reputations tilling some minuscule academic field, and then pontificate on Charlie Rose about everything under the sun.

All true. Yet the judge, himself a leading intellectual for hire, is a little too harsh. Each celebrity professor may be a nauseous beast. Yet there are two big arguments in favor of what they do. Most obviously, they help to circulate ideas. They give educated laypeople a chance to get their information from real authorities rather than mere journalists. They give universities a chance to pay back some of their debt to the societies that nurture them . The fact that America’s bestseller lists feature works written by academic authorities amongst the ghost-written memoirs and celebrity suck-up jobs should be cause for rejoicing.

The second point is that they help to keep talented people in academia. Some noble souls will always be willing to put up with low salaries in exchange for a chance to pursue the truth :it is hard to imagine John Rawls hustling for a bit of extra cash. But others are inevitably attracted to money and bright lights. A bit of moonlighting is a relatively easy way for universities to keep some of their smarter faculty happy.

What about the costs of this moonlighting? Don’t academic superstars short-change their universities? Well, a bit. Yet the ostentatiously ludicrous Mr. West has undoubtedly helped to attract bright students to Harvard in the same way that those rather more serious once did. Surveys suggest that academics who engage in outside activities are actually more likely to do their share of teaching than those who don’t. Besides, the link between popular success and lower academic standards is not sharp. Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Goodw in both started ―borrowing‖ other people’s work before they hit the big time. Fundamentally, the besetting sin of American academia is not celebrity professors but hyper-specialization. Academics have a bit of crawling along the frontier of knowledge with a magnifying glass, blind to the wide vistas opening up before them, and often reducing the most engaging subjects to tedious debates about methodology. By looking at the big picture, populists restore the excitement of intellectual life. Who has done more for literary studies in the United States: Harold Bloom or the thousands of post- structuralists and their insufferable conferences? Who has more to advance the understanding of American business: Peter Drucker, who has never been employed by an Ivy League university, or the entire list of contributors to the Journal of Supply Chain Management?

And the market does work. The same media machine that turned Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Goodwin into superstars is now trashing their reputations. The honest majority of celebrity professors improve the world by spreading the fruits of academic research. The dishonest minority pay for their sins with the loss of their cherished reputations.

研究生英语综合教程下册课文原文

课文原文1-7 Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness 1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it." 1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击,没人想找上这些事儿。但出人意料的是,很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生,但因为它我变得更完美了。” 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved. 2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事,可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理,这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中,人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出?积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。实际上,大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某些方面有了改善。

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译

TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学

家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。

综合英语(一)课文及翻译

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医学英语课文翻译1-11单元

第一单元肺、肾的结构 肺的血管系统 肺从两个血管系统----支气管循环系统和肺循环系统获得血液供应。它的营养血液来自于支气管循环系统，流向肺部除肺泡外的所有组织，支气管循环系统始于主动脉及上肋间动脉，接受大约1%的心输出量。大约三分之一的支气管循环的静脉输出流入全身静脉，然后回到右心房。剩余的输出流入肺静脉，并在心脏最小静脉的作用下，在正常情况下，以1%-2%的量自右向左分流。 肺动脉系统沿着气道从肺门向外周延伸，向下连接下段气道（直径大约2毫米）的动脉，它们壁薄且富有弹性。从这儿开始，动脉成肌肉化发展，直至其达到30微米，此时肌层消失。因为这些小肌肉动脉起着积极控制肺部血流分布的作用，所以大部分动脉压降产生在这些小肌肉动脉中。肺小动脉将血液排空，送入广泛分布的毛细血管网，进入肺静脉。肺静脉的壁很薄，它们最终在肺门处与动脉和支气管汇合，出肺进入左心房。 肾结构成分 人类肾脏在解剖学上位于腹膜后隙，与下胸椎和上腰椎平行。每个成年人的肾脏大约重150克，长、宽、厚分别为12厘米、6厘米以及3厘米。肾脏的冠状部分分为/由两个明确的区域（组成）。外周部的皮质大约1厘米厚，深部的髓质由几个肾锥体构成。这些锥体状结构的底部位于皮髓质结合处。锥体的顶部伸入肾门，称为肾乳头。每个肾乳头被一个肾小盏包裹。肾小盏与肾大盏相聚组成肾盂。经肾乳头流出的尿液汇集在肾盂，通过输尿管排入膀胱。 由主动脉分支出来的肾总动脉为两肾输送血液。肾总动脉通常分为两个主侧支，这两个侧支又进一步分为叶动脉，供应肾脏上、中、下区域的血液。当这些血管进入肾实质，变成叶间动脉通向肾皮质时，（这些血管）又进一步细分。细分后的小血管在皮髓质结合处成为竖支--弓状动脉。从弓状动脉伸出的叶间动脉进入皮质。由于传入小动脉始于这些终叶间动脉，所以为肾小球毛细血管输送血液。 组织学上，肾脏是由一个叫做“肾单位”的基本单位组成。每个肾脏约含有一百万个肾单位，“肾单位”有两个主要成分：过滤成分—紧包着毛细血管网（肾小球）和一个附着在上面的小管组成。这个小管包含几个明显的解剖和功能成分。 第二单元细胞与老化 衰老是一种正常的生理过程，伴有机体内平衡适应性反应的进行性改变。研究老年人健康问题和保健的特殊分支称作老年医学。 衰老的明显特征众所周知：头发花白和脱落，牙齿脱落，皮肤起皱，肌肉减少，脂肪积存增加。衰老的生理征兆是机体对环境压力反应在功能和能力上逐渐减退，如同保持不断地体内平衡（稳态）应对温度、饮食和氧供反应变慢一样，肌体代谢也减慢了。衰老的这些迹象与机体中细胞数的净减少及存余细胞的功能缺失有关。 衰老的另一个表现是组织的细胞外成分也随年龄的变化而变化。负责肌腱力量的胶原纤维的数量增加，而质量却随着衰老降低（而改变）。动脉壁胶原质中的变化造成动脉壁伸展性缺失，如同动脉壁上的积聚物造成动脉粥样硬化（即动脉壁脂肪物质堆积）一样。弹性蛋白是另一种细胞外成分，主要负责血管和皮肤的弹性。随着年龄的变化，它的变粗，变碎并需要获得更大的钙亲和力，这些可能也是造成动脉粥样硬化的原因。 人体最丰富的糖—葡萄糖，或许也会促使老化。根据一假设，向细胞内外的蛋白质随意地补充葡萄糖，在相邻蛋白分子之间会形成不可逆的交联。随着人的老化，会形成越来越多的交联，这很有可能造成老化组织的僵硬与弹性丧失。 虽然每分钟有数以百万计的细胞产生，人体内有几种细胞却无法再生/复制/被取代，如

基础综合英语_1-5单元课后翻译

作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的