语法知识第八讲——代词

语法复习专题——代词

一、考点聚焦

代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词\疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。

1、人称代词

（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下4中情况：

①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。

—Does any of you know where Tom lives? —Me.

What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!

②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致。

The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he代替)

They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。（me是宾格，故用her替代）

③作表语人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。

I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.

④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别。

I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her. I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.

(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：

①在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二三一（人称）。宾格me也一样。

You ,she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.

②第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still don’t agree to the plan.

(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。

①we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。

②she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasn’t she?

2.物主代词

（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。

（2）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。

（3）某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。如：take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.

3.反身代词

（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。

（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。

enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood

（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。

for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地

by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极

This problem gets a chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。

Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。

They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）

Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。

I’m very angry with myself.生自己的气。

4.相互代词（each other, one another）

相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s 、one another’s ,作定语。

一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。

5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）

指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。

（1）指示代词this和that的区别。

①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。

This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school.

②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。

I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.

He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.

③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。

The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

④this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。

（2）such和same的用法。

①such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。

Such was the story.We have never seen such a tall building.

②same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.

The same can be said of the other article.另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）

Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语）

6、疑问代词（who,whom,which,what,whose）

疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

（1）who/what

①询问姓名或关系。——Who is he? ——He is my brother./He is

Henry.询问职业或地位。——What is he？——He is a lawyer/teacher.

②What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。

What is /are on the table? Who is/are in the library?

(2)which与who、what

which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?

7.连接代词和关系代词

连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that.

关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。

8、不定代词

不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。

（1）some与any

一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。

He has some Chinese paintings.(定语) Some like sports, others like music.(主语)

Ask me if you have any questions.(定语) Do you have any questions to ask?(定语)

I don’t know any of the students.（宾语）

特殊用法：

①any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。

Any child can do that.（定语）You may take any of them.（宾语）

②some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。Smith went to some place in England.（定语）

③在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。

Would you like some bananas?（邀请）Mum, could you give me some money?(请求)

④some 用于否定句表示部分否定。I don’t know some of the students.（宾语）

some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：There are some 300 workers on strike. Do you feel any better today?

(2)one, both, all

①one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself.

One should try one’s best to serve the people.(主语、定语) This is not the one I want.(表语)

one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、

which等词修饰。如：These books are more interesting than those ones.

Here are three pens. Which one is yours, this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box?

②both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。

This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)

Both of the boys are here.(主语) We both are students.(同位语)

注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。

both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。

如：Both my parents like this film. Both the /these boys are tall.

③all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。

He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。

I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。That’s all for today.今天就在这儿。

They have all been to Xi’an.他们都去过西安。

注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：

Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don’t go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。

None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。

（3）many和much

many和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。

（4）few, little; a few, a little

few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。

（5）no和none

no=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。

注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。

（6）each和every

each（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。

Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)

Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）

Each of them has been there.（主语）The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（宾语）

We each got a ticket.（同位语）

（7）either和neither

either是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：

Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语) Neither boy knows French.(定语)

注意：①either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesn’like tea, and I don’t either.（状语）②either 与or构成连词，意为“不是……就是……”或“要么……要么……”。He is either Japanese or Chinese. ③neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“not…either”。He can’t do it, neither can I. ④neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不……

也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.

（8）other和another, the others 和others

the other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”

表示“其余（他）的……”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：

He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. Some are singing, others are dancing.

Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.

another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。

This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语) Please give me another book.（定语）

注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Ple ase give me another ten minutes. one … another(a second)… a third…the other…意为“一个……一个……一个……一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。some…others…others…，意为“一些……一些……一些”。

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1. The Parkers bought a new house but__________will need a lot of work before they can move in.(NMET 2001)

A.they

B.it

C.one

D.which

解析：答案为B。分析题意可知，they显然不合，which多引导从句，从此为并列句式，one表示泛指，而此处空格内容指代前面提到的the new house。要仔细区别代词的所指范围，是人还是物，单数还是复数，另应注意句式。

2．If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay_________$ 15.（NMET 2000）

A.another

B.other

C.more

D.each

解析：答案为A。本题考查不定代词用于表示数量附加的用法。“another + 数字+ 复数名词”结构通常用来表示在原有数量上的附加。若选C，正确结构是“数词+ more + 复数名词”。掌握another和more与数字搭配的

位置是此题关键。another放在数字前，more放在数字后。NMET 1995中第25小题命题思路与此题一致。

3. Few pleasures can equal ___________of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET 1999)

A.some

B.any

C.that

D.those

解析：答案为C。本题考查替代词that的用法。that通常在句中替代同类的、特定的但不是同一的事物。本句中that替代the pleasure。句意为“在炎热的夏天几乎没有任何乐趣能与饮一杯冷饮的乐趣相比”。that指代单数或不可数名词，复数用those，表示特指，以避免重复，在比较句型中较为常用，代替可数名词时可换用the one。

替代词it,that,one,which,so的用法比较

英语的代替现象比汉语普遍，使用代词的场合比汉语多。大多数句子中均用代词代替上文谈到的人、事物或情况，避免了对较多名词、冠词的反复使用，这样大大简化了句子。

最常用于表示替代关系的词语有it,that,which,one,so等，近几年高考试题中均对这些词的用法进行了考查，可见这几个替代词的用法非常重要。下面归纳它们表示替代时的不同用法。

一、it的用法

1、it指代上文所提事物的本身（it表时间、强调等的用法此处不阐明），如果所代替的事物为复数，则应该用they或them表示。

2、it也可以用来代替上文所提到的一件事。

1.The Parkers bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET2001,25)

A. they

B. it

C. one

D. which

2.I am looki ng for a house. I’d like ____ with a brook around_____.

A. one, it

B. it, it

C. one, one

D. it, one

3.Mary’s mother always told her to work hard, but______didn’t help. A. one B. he C. she D. it

4. —Do you like these photos? — Yes, ____are very beautiful and I like____ very much.

A. they, those

B. they, them

C. ones, ones

D. the ones, the ones

5.—Are you still using your old car? --No, I sold_______the other day.

A. it

B. one

C. that one

D. the one

二、that的用法

1、that用来指前文中确定的非同一事物，常用来替代与定冠词或形容词性物主代词连用的单数可数名词或不可数名词，相当于“the+名词”，其复数形式为those。

2、that表替代时为始终是特指（作指示代词和关系代词用时另论），可指上文谈到的人、物或情况（均为单数），可代替可数名词和不可数名词。

3、若that所代替的内容为前置用法，即要代替的内容将出现在下文中，一般用this,these或the following表示。

1.—He was nearly drowned once

—When was_______?(NMET2002 Beijing spring)

—_____was in 1998 when he was in middle school.

A. that, It

B. this, This

C. this, It

D. that, This

2.Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ f rom______ (2003 Shanghai spring,26)

A. those of the past

B. the past

C. which of the past

D. those past

3.Few pleasure can equal __of a cool drink on a hot day. (NMET99,17; NMET99 Guangdong,29)

A. some B, any C. that D. those

4.The population of Sichuan Province is larger than ____of any province in China.

A. one

B. it

C. that

D. the one

5.What I want to suggest is_____: Everyone should have another try. We needn’t only wait for help.

A. that

B. this

C. it

D. one

三、which的用法

1、在后置的非限制性定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或情况（单数或复数）。

2、在问句中作为疑问代词，在名词从句中作为连接代词用，其含义为“哪个、哪些”。

3、如果非限制性定语从句的先行词不是指主句内容，而是指具体的人、时间、地点，则不用which。

4、如果非限制性定语从句前置，则用as。

1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____, of course, made the others unhappy.

(NMET2000,17)

A. who

B. which

C. this

D. what

2.The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected. (NMET2000 Beijing spring,10)

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. what

3.China has its own English language newspaper, China Daily,______is published in Beijing.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D. one

4.China Daily has plenty of advertisements, _____ help to cut the costs of making the newspapers.

A. that

B. it

C. which

D. they

5._____ would you like better, the blue one or the red one?

A. Which

B. What

C. That

D. How

四、one 的用法

1、常用来代替与上文所提到人或物相类似的不确定的另一人或物（泛指），且被替代者为可数名词单数形式。

2、若下文替代者表示非特指含义，则用a/an—adj—one形式表示；若下文替代者为另一特指含义，则用the one或

the—adj—one表示；若下文替代时为复数含义，则用the—adj—ones 或the ones表示。

3、one作替代词用时，其前可加某些形容词或限定词，如the, this, that, which, each, every, any，但一般不能直接在

其前加物主代词。

4、one被后置定语修饰表示特指时，前面应加the；被形容词修饰表示泛指时，其前应加a/an；被形容词修饰表示特

指时其前应加the。

5、one作主语时，其对应的物主代词用one’s或his，反身代词用oneself或himself，重复主语用one 或he。

1.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_______ . (NMET95,21)

A. it

B. those

C. them

D. one

2.—Why don’t we take a little break? —Didn’t we just have________? (NMET2000,23)

A. it

B. that

C. one

D. this

3.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure. (NMET2002,35)

A. that

B. one

C. it

D. what

4. —Did a letter come for me? —Yes, there was _______for you this morning.

A. one

B. it

C. the one

D. that

5.He has a blue pen and two red ______. A. one B. ones C. those D. the ones

五、so的用法

1、so表示替代常用来代替上文中出现的内容，尤其是上文内容在下文中以宾语从句形式出现时。

2、如果在下文被代替者为否定含义的宾语从句，常用否定动词+so或直接用not代替。

1. —The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? —______.(NMET2003 Beijing spring,22)

A.I guess not so

B.I don’t guess

C.I don’t guess so

D.I guess not

2. —Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend? —_____.(NMET94,13)

A.I don’t believe

B.I don’t believe it

C.I believe not so

D.I believe not)

3. —Do you think it’s going to rain again? —I _____, but I _____.

A. think not, hope so

B. not think, so hope

C. don’t think so,don’t hope so

D. think not, hope not

4.—Do you t hink it’s going to be fine ? --Yes, and I______.

A. expect that

B. expect so

C. expect it

D. expect them

5.—Will they come back again? --No, I_____.

A. don’t believe

B. not believe

C. believe not

D. don’t believe that

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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新初中英语语法知识—代词的分类汇编含答案

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初中英语语法知识点总结

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初中英语知识大全【中考必备】

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