趣味英语语法与练习_句型篇_2011

一、陈述句

定义：凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。

肯定句变否定句

肯定句变否定句就是加not no 或表示否定的词

英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中的位置不同

把下列陈述句变成否定句。

1.My father watches TV every day .

My father _____ ____ TV every day .

2.Kate often does her homework at six .

Kate ____ often ____ her homework at six.

3.I go to school at seven .

I ___ ____ to school at seven .

4.She usually goes home by bus .

She ____ usually ____ home by bus .

5.They are good students .

They ____ ____ good students .

6.He is clever .

He ____ ____ clever .

7.He has some bread for breakfast every morning .

He ____ ____ ____ bread for breakfast every morning .

8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon .

I ___ often ____ ____ tea in the afternoon .

9.He has some eggs .

He ____ ____ ____ eggs .

10.Kim likes his new bike .

Kim ____ ____ his new bike .

二、疑问句

疑问句是用来提出问题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。

一、一般疑问句：

1.一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no来回答。

2.一般疑问句的基本结构：

当句中有Be(am, is, are)动词的时候：

1、将Be(am, is, are)提前，放于句首（大写）；

2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you, we→you, my→your, our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you→I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）

3、在句尾加问号“？”

4、回答：肯定：Yes , 主语+be. 否定：No, 主语+be+not.

当句中没有Be动词，有情态动词的时候：

1、提前can, may，放于句首（大写）；

2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you →I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）

3、在句尾加问号“？”

4、回答：肯定：Yes , 主语+can. 否定：No, 主语+can+not.

句中没有Be动词和情态动词can的时候：

1、在句首加Do或Does，当主语是第三人称单数的时候用Does，其它都用Do

2、将人称变换，第一人称变第二人称（I→you,we→you,my→your,our→your），第二人称变第一人称（you →I,you→we,your→my,your→our），第三人称不变（一变二，二变一，三不变）

3、在句尾加问号“？”

4、回答：肯定：Yes , 主语+do/does 否定：No, 主语+do/does+not.

其它在句中要变换的词有some→any, am→are

英语里只有三种人称.

第一人称：我,我们,(I),we 【me, us】(我),我们

第二人称：你,你们,(you),you 【you ,you】( 你),你们

第三人称：他，她，它(he, she, it,) 【him, her ,it 】他们they【them】还有一些人名也算第三人称,比如Kangkang, Jane.像your father(你的爸爸)这也算第三人称. 第三人称单数指他(he) 她(she) 它(it)或者单个人名,第三人称复数是都用they 他们/她们/它们

此外，不可数名词在用法上也同于第三人称单数。

二、特殊疑问句：

以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词when, where, how, why 放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来回答，不用yes 或no。

1.疑问词+ 一般疑问句（疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语）。

What do you want? 你要什么？

When do you have English class? 你们什么时候有英语课？

Whose coat is this? 这是谁的大衣？

How did he know it? 他是怎么知道它的？

Why did you say this? 你为什么要这么说？

Which is your umbrella? 哪个是你的雨伞？

Where were these buses made? 这些巴士是哪儿制造的？

2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与陈述句相同：疑问代词（+名词）+谓语。

Who teaches your brother Japanese? 谁教你弟弟日语？

What is in the box on the table? 桌上那个盒子里装的是什么？

Whose handwriting is the best in your class? 你们班里谁的书法最好？

*疑问代词：who: 主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人”的各种成分。

whose: 用来提问“谁的”。

which: 用来提问“哪一个/位”。

what: 提问表示“干什么”等意思

*疑问副词：when: 提问在何时。

where: 提问在何地

why: 提问表示原因的短语或句子

how: 提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语

*由疑问词how 构成的短语引导的问句

how old (表示年龄)多大了, how long（表示时间或物体的长短）有多长, how many + 复数名词表示多少, how much + 不可数名词表示多少, how far （表示距离）多远

疑问句专项练习

按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。

1. It’s a large room.(改为复数形式)

______ _______ large rooms.

2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.(改为否定句)

He _______ _______ to buy a dictionary for his daughter.

3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否定句)

Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.

4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改写为一般疑问句)

______ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday?.

5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线部分提问)

________ _______ is the hospital ?

6.There are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线部分提问)

_______ _______ students are there in your class?

7.I write to my mother once a week. (就划线部分提问)

______ ______ do you write to your mother ?

8.He has three pens. (就划线部分提问)

_______ _______ pens does he have ?

9.She is ten years old. (就划线部分提问)

________ _______ is she?

10. They have a class meeting every other week. (改为否定句)

They _______ _______ a class meeting every other week.

11.She has dinner with her grandparents once a week.（改为一般疑问句）

______ she _______ dinner with her grandparents once a week?

12.This kind of cold comes and goes very quickly.（改为一般疑问句）

_______ this kind of cold ______ and ______ very quickly?

13.He spent a whole morning cleaning the room.（就划线部分提问）

______ ______ ______ he ______ cleaning the room.

14. My brother has lunch at the school every day.（改为一般疑问句）

________ your brother ________ lunch at the school every day?

15.Put the book on the desk.（否定句）

______ ______ the book on the desk.

16.His bike was bought yesterday. （就划线部分提问）

_______ ______ was bought yesterday?

17.She does morning exercises every day. (否定句)

She _______ _______ morning exercises every day.

18.My mother is very well.( 就划线部分提问)

_______ is your mother?

19.She has to stay at home.(改为一般疑问句)

_______ she _______ to stay at home.

20.Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句)

_______ Tom ______ lunch at school every day.

三、祈使句

一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you ,习惯上常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否定句一般用don’t, never开始。

1．肯定祈使句

句型1 ：动词let + 第一、三人称宾格代词+ V.

例句：Let’s go to school.

让我们去上学吧。

Let me try.

让我试一试。

Let him come upstairs.

让他上楼吧。

句型2：动词+ 其他部分

例句：Please open the door .

请开门。

Turn to page two.

请将书翻到第二页。

Listen to me.

请听我讲。

Stop talking.

别说话。

二、否定祈使句（一般在句首加Don’t.）

1．Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。（肯定句）

Don’t climb the tree! 不要爬树。（否定句）

2．Open the door. 打开门。（肯定句）

Don’t open the door.不要开门。（否定句）

三、陈述句变祈使句

1．You can’t make faces in class.你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。Don’t make faces in class.不要在课堂上做鬼脸。2．You can’t read in bed.你不要在床上看书。Don’t read in bed.不要在床上看书。

祈使句专项训练

一、连词成句并改写成否定句。

1．on \ walk \ the \ grass

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

2. ride \ a \ here \ bike

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

二、按要求改写下列句子

1．She likes playing basketball after school. (否定句)

_________________________________________________

2. He did his homework yesterday evening. (一般疑问句)

_________________________________________________

3.Tom wrote a letter to his mother yesterday. (否定句)

_________________________________________________

4.My mother can make kites. (一般疑问句)

_________________________________________________

5. There are some dictionaries on the desk. (否定句)

_________________________________________________

四、there be与have\has 句型

一. “There be” 句型

“There be +某（些）人或物+ 某地（或某时）”是指“某地（时）存在某人（或某物）”。谓语be 必须在数上和主语保持一致。如果主语中既有单数又有复数，be 的形式变化与它最近的主语相一致。

（一）结构

There be (is \ are ) +某……

1) There is + ①可数名词单数

②不可数名词

2）There are + 可数名词复数

（二）用法

1.肯定句：There is \ are + _________.

2.否定句：There is \ are + not ____________

3.一般疑问句：Is\Are + there … ? Yes, there is \are. No, there is \ are not. （三）There be 句型中的be 与离它最近的名词有关。

例，There is an apple and two pears on the table.

There are two pears and an apple on the table.

二、have \has 句型

是指某人有某物(表示所有、拥有关系)

I \ We \You \ They \ 人名（复数）\事物（复数）+ have …

He \She\ It \ 人名（单数）\ 事物（单数）+ has …

句型专项练习题

一、用“have , there be ” 的适当形式填空

1.He _________ a lot of friends.

2._________ _________ four seasons in a year.

3.She _________ seven sons.

4._________ _________ any milk in the cup?

5.Beijing ________ many universities.

6.We _______ a lot of work to do.

7._________ _________ a book and two pens on the table.

8.They ______ many beautiful flowers.

9._________ _________ three pencils and a ruler in the pencil-box.

10.My father ________ a red car.

二、用适当的词填空

1.He often _______ up ________ six o’clock _______ the morning.

2.What’s wrong ________ your mother?

3.Mary can ________ a kite.

4.There _______ an apple and three bananas in the bag.

三、选择填空

1.There _____ two knives in the pencil – box .

A.are

B.is

C.be

D.am

2.How many counties _____ in Europe ?

1.is it B.is there C.are they D.are there

3.Look ! There ____ some apples in that tree .

1.is B.are C.be D.am

4.There ____ some children playing on the playground .

1.is B.are C.has D.have

5.-Are there any fish in the lake now ?

-No . ____ any water in it in winter .

1.There isn’t B.There aren’t C.It isn’t D.They aren’ t

6.There ____ an apple tree near the river .

1.am B.are C.is D.be

7._____ there any good news in today’s newspaper ?

1.Are B.Is C.Have D.Has

8.There _____ a banana and ten pears in the basket .

1.are B.is C.has D.have

9.There _____ some oranges on the table .

1.are B.is C.am D.be

10.There ____ forty – sixty students in Class _____.

1.have , Three B.are , Three C.have , Third D.are , Third 11.There _____ a table with three legs in Jenny’s room .

1.is B.are C.has D.have

12.There _____ ten deer and a monkey in the photo .

1.is B.are C.be D.have

四、汉译英

1.在教室里有二十五名男生和三十名女生。

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