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条件状语从句(2012-2-2)

Chapter1，8B 语法：条件状语从句2012-2-2

A. you will be late for school.

B. you won’t be late for school.

C. you should go to see a doctor.

D. you’ll remember it better.

E. we will not go to the zoo.

F. it bursts.

G. you will come to the valley.

H. she will be very happy.

I. 观察T ask I中的句子, 并回答下面的问题。

1. 问:什么是条件状语从句呢？

答: 条件状语从句即是指在句子中作条件状语的句子, 整句意思是: 假如有从句的动作发生, 那么_____的动作就会发生。

2. 问:在条件状语从句中, 主句与从句的位置如何？

答: 从句可以位于主句之前, 也可位于主句之后, 但是当从句在前时, 主句与从句之间必须有_____隔开。其位置可以简单地概括为一句顺口溜: 主句通常前面走, 从句紧紧跟在后; 从句若早主句前, 从句之后加逗点。

3. 问:条件状语从句通常是由哪些词来引导？

答: 通常由___“如果”和______“如果不; 除非”等从属连词来引导。在通常情况下, unless与if ...

not可以互换。

4. 问:在条件状语从句中, 主从句的时态遵循什么样的规律？

答: 如果条件句表示可能, 主句多用将来时, 从句常用现在时; 如果条件句表示事实, 主句常用现在时, 从句亦常用现在时。

II 浅谈没有if / unless引导的条件句

在英语中, 通常用if / unless引导的状语从句表示条件, 但也有一些是不用if / unless引出的条件句, 现总结如下:

1. 以when, as soon as引导的时间、地点状语从句隐含着条件。

例如：I’ll tell him about it as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这件事情。

Y ou’ll see more buildings when you get there. 当你到那的时候, 你将看到更多的建筑。

2. 祈使句有时也可表示条件。例如：

Study hard, and you’ll pass the exam. 努力学习, 你就会通过考试。

Study hard, or you’ll fail in the exam. 努力学习, 否则你将通不过考试。

3. 有些短语也可用来表示条件。例如:

Fish can’t live without water. 离开了水, 鱼儿不能活。

语法练习：

I.单项选择：

1. If it ___ sunny tomorrow, I ___ boating.

A. is, go

B. will be, go

C. is, will go

D. will be, will go

2. —What will you do if it _______ tomorrow? —I’ll stay at home and watch TV.

A. rain

B. rains

C. will rain

D. is raining

3. I’m waiting for my friend.______ , I’ll go shopping alone.

A. If she comes

B. If she will come

C. If she doesn’t come

D. If she didn’t come

4. If my uncle ____ tomorrow, I will be very happy.

A. come

B. comes

C. will come

D. is coming

5. I ____ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.

A. bring

B. will bring

C. brings

D. brought

6. _____ you want to watch something, I am going to switch the television off now.

A. If

B. If not

C. Unless not

D. Unless

7. If he hard, he will get good grades.

A. study

B. studies

C. will study

D. studied

8. Everyone must dress up. If you , they won’t let you in.

A. don’t

B. won’t

C. can’t

D. mustn’t

9. Mary will go to Sanya if she a five-day trip.

A. have

B. had

C. will have

D. has

10. If he comes late, he will miss the train.

A. and

B. so

C. /

D. or

11 . The volleyball match will be put off if it _____ .

A. will rain

B. rains

C. rained

D. is raining

12. Difficulties are nothing if we _____ not afraid of them

A. will

B. shall

C. are

D. do

13. We _____ Beijing tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.

A. are going to

B. would

C. shall

D. will go

14. I don’t like to be interrupted if I _____ .

A. speak

B. will speak

C. am speaking

D. spoke

15. If you _____ the book you will understand the story better.

A. will be reading

B. have read

C. will have read

D. read

16. If you _____ I will go with you

A. go to

B. went

C. will

D. should go

17. I’ll go to meet yo u，if I _____ free then.

A. would be

B. will be

C. am

D. was

18. If you to the music, buy a CD.

A. will listen

B. listen

C. listening

D. listened

19. Be careful, if you _____ want to make mistakes.

A. won’t

B. don’t

C. didn’t

D. not

20. Work hard if you _____ to get a good mark.

A. wanted

B. wanting

C. want

D. will want

21. There is going to _____ a sports meeting next week. If it _____, we’ll have to cancel it..

A. be; will rain

B. have; will rain

C. be; rains

D. give; is going to rain

22. If he _____ , I _____ go swimming alone.

A. doesn’t come will go

B. won’t come; will go

C. will come; won’t go

D. is coming; don’t go

23. If you_____ a chance to study in a foreign country, just take it.

A. getting

B. had got

C. will get

D. get

24. Frank a film if h e’s free next Saturday.

A. see

B. saw

C. has seen

D. will see

25. If he __________ exercise, he _____ healthy.

A. not; will

B. isn’t; won’t be

C. doesn’t; will be

D. doesn’t do; won’t be

26. When you ________the instructions in English, you can go to our website.

A. need

B. needs

C. will need

D. are needing

27.Tthe camera ________as soon as you ______ the “camera” key.

A. will start, press

B. starts, press

C. will start, will press

D. starts, will press

28. Y ou______ a picture unless you _____ the “photo” symbol.

A. won’t take , will choose

B. will take, choose

C. won’t take, choose

D. will take, won’t choose

29. On a very cold night, if you ____ a basin of water outside, it _____ into ice the next morning.

A. leave, turns

B. will leave, will turn

C. will leave, turns

D. leave, turn

30. He _______ if you invite him.

A. comes

B. came

C. will come

D. has come

31. If I ______ reading the book, I _____ it to you.

A. will finish, lend

B. will finish, will lend

C. finish, lend

D. finish, will lend

32. I won’t go to the party ______ I’m invited.

A. if

B. unless

C. when

D. what

33. We _______ there unless the weather _______ fine tomorrow.

A. don’t go, is

B. don’t go, won’t be

C. won’t go, is

D. won’t go, won’t be

34. If I ______ time, I _______ to visit my teachers next week.

A. have, goes

B. will have, will go

C. have, will go

D. will have, goes

35. Nobody can learn English well ___ he works hard.

A. if

B. when

C. but

D. unless

36. If you _____ too much, you ____ very fat.

A. eat, get

B. will eat, get

C. eat, will get

D. will eat, will get

II．在正确的答案下划一条线。

1.Daina ( will go/go/goes) to Europe if she (will pass/pass/passes) the exams .

2. The graduates (will teach/teach/teaches) in the poor village if the Ministry of Education (will agree/ agree/agrees) soon.

3. If there (will be/ are/is) a car accident, they (will call/call/calls) 110 for help at once.

4. If it (won’t/don’t/doesn’t/ isn’t) rainy, we (will take/ take/takes) walk outside.

5. If a UFO (will land/land/lands) in front of me, I (will go/go/goes) in to look for the alien.

6. If he (will have/have/has) money, he (will bulid/build/builds) a science lab.

7.Don’t wait for me if I (am/ will be) late.

8.They (won’t/don’t) go to the beach if it (will rain/rain /rains).

9. I (will call/ call) you if he (will stay/stay /stays) at home.

10. Mr Smith (will let/ let/lets) you know if he (will need/ need/ needs) help.

11. (Will / Do/ Does) he visit the museum if he (won’t / don’t/ doesn’t) get tired?

12. Where (will/ do/does) they live if they (will miss/ miss/ misses) the bus?

III、用所给词的适当形式填空

1. If you ________(copy ) my homework this time, you________( start) a bad habit.

2. I____________(ask) the teacher for help if I _____________(not understand.)

3. If the traffic lights______________(be) red, you must stop and wait.

4. If the green light ________ (not be) on, wait for one minute.

5. If you want to print a photo, ________ (connect) the phone to your PC.

6. He can pass the exam if he_________________( work )hard

7. If you _________________(not hurry) up, you ___________________(be)late again.

8. If it ______________(not rain )tomorrow, I ______________( have) a picnic with my classmates.

9. I ___________(go) shopping on Sunday if you ___________(do).

10.___________( Take) some exercise if you ______________(want) to lose weight.

11. If winter____________( come), can spring be far behind?

12. If it ___________(be) possible, I___________(meet) you at the train station.

13. He ______________(correct) his mistakes unless she ___________(say) sorry to him.

14. They _____________(set) off to Guangzhou unless he ______________(be invited)

15. She ______________(turn ) off all the lights as soon as she __________(go) to bed.

16. As soon as Doris ____________(come ) to our classroom, we_________(stop) talking at once.

17.If you ________(feel) tired, you _______________ (have) to have a rest.

18. Where _______ he _________(see) the film if he ________________(have) time?

19. If there __________(be) fewer trees, there _______________( be) more pollution.

20. He _____________(dress) more casually if he ________________( not work) on weekends.

21. If Marcia _____________(live) alone, she ___________________( keep) a pet parrot.

22. Lana ________________( buy) a new dress if the old one ____________(be) out of style.

23.The twins ______________(fight) if they_______________(argue).

24. I ____________(have) a bake sale if I _____________(need) money for education.

25. Peter _____________( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he ________________(tour) Spain.

26. If Mr Green ___________(say) I am hard- working, my parents _________( feel) glad.

27.I ____________(go) to the beach if it________________ ( not rain) this week.

28. __________they __________( have) a match if the P.E. teacher _____________(be) busy?

29.He ____(write) a letter to his grandparents if he ____(get) his report card this week.

30. If she ____________(get) up late, she _____________ ( not catch) the early bus.

31. Peter ________(major) in English if he ____(pass) the exams in Peking University.

32. If he _____ (come) tonight, you will meet him here.

33. Y ou will remember to get all the things if you _____ (write) a shopping list.

34. If you come in December, you ______ (see) snow.

35. We ________ (miss) the concert if the bus is late.

36. Y ou _______ (lose) marks in the exam unless you improve your handwriting.

37. If you _____ (work) hard every day, you ______ (get) a good mark.

38. Y ou can’t play computer games unless you _____ (finish) your homework.

39. Unless I work hard, I _________ (not pass) the exam.

40. If it ___________ (not rain) tomorrow, we ______ (go) to the movies.

IV找出句子中的错误, 并将改正后的句子写在横线上。

1. If he will get here on time, I will be very glad.

2. Y ou can learn English well if you will spend more time on it.

3. We have a picnic, if it is fine tomorrow.

4. Y ou will pass the exam when you work hard.

5. If I miss the bus I was late for class this afternoon.

III if 还可以当“是否”讲，主要用于宾语从句，相当于whether，从句的时态根据语境来确定。

1. I want to know if Mary to the party tomorrow.

A. go

B. went

C. will go

D. goes

2. I don’t know if _____ tomorrow.

A. it doesn’t rain

B. the rain will stops

C. the rains won’t stop

D. it won’t rain

3. I want to know if you _____ to the party tomorrow. I will if I _____free.

A. will come; am

B. come; am

C. will come; will be

D. come; will be

4．I don't know if he _____ tomorrow．If he _____ ，I'll tell you．

A．will come；comes B．comes；comes C．comes；will D．is coming；is coming

IV. 改写：

1. Study hard, and you’ll improve your English a lot.

2. Y ou won’t succeed unless you have a try.

6. Unless you keep ice cream in a fridge, it melts.

7. If you don’t study hard, you will fail in the exam.

8. If you don’t go to bed earlier, you will feel tired in the mornings.

10. Climb a few metres high, and you will have a good view.

Tiger Woods is a famous professional golfer (职业高尔夫球手). In fact, he is probably 1 golfer in the world today. He 2 in the United States in 1975. When he was very young, he learned how to play golf 3 his father.

In 1978, when Tiger was three years old, he was on 4 first TV show. He played golf with some famous people 5 surprised everyone. Between the ages of 8 and 16, Tiger Woods learned a lot about 6 golf. He won his first championship in 7 years. In 1994,

Tiger became a student of Stanford University. He won 10 golf championships while he 8 at the university. In 1996, Tiger became a professional golfer and 9 more money. He was very famous and rich though he was still young. Now he has many fans and is 10 model for young people.

1. A. the cleverest B. the most famous C. the most exciting D. the oldest

2. A. was born B. is born C. born D. bear

3. A. to B. from C. of D. after

4. A. he B. him C. his D. he’s

5. A. until B. but C. or D. and

6. A. play B. playing C. played D. to play

7. A. these B. this C. those D. that

8. A. studies B. had studied C. was studying D. will study

9. A. lent B. made C. wasted D. lost

10. A. / B. the C. an D. a

Tiger Woods is a famous professional g答案：BABCD BCCBD 选自：10春8下周报

翻译技巧 9 状语从句的翻译

翻译技巧9 状语从句的翻译 1. 条件状语从句 1) During the execution of a contract, if one party fails to perform the contract and thus bring economic loss to another party, the latter may ask the former for compensation according to the contract stipulation. 在合同的执行中，如果一方不能履行合同而造成另一方经济损失，受损方可根据合同规定要求对方赔偿。 2）We are notifying you that we reserve our right to claim on you for the shortage if it is confirmed. 我方谨通知贵方，如果确定货物数量短缺，我方将有权向贵方提出索赔。 3）It will be very helpful for us to push our claim on condition that you can give us some evidence that your figure in the invoice is correct. 只要贵方能提供证据，证明发票上的数字准确无误，这将有助于我方提出索赔。 4）We shall have to cancel the order unless it is executed within two weeks. 除非这张订单在两周内履行，否则本公司不得不将它取消。 2. 时间状语从句 1) When we investigate the matter of your claims, we have noticed a discrepancy between our invoice figure and the quantities you specified. 我方在调查贵方提出的索赔时，发现我方的发票数量和贵方描述的数量不一致。 2）You will understand why we are working to capacity to meet the demand after you study the prices and terms of trade. 贵方在看过价格和交易条件后，会理解为何本公司要加紧生产以满足需要。

状语从句思维导图

何谓状语?联想两个成语，写景状物和难以名状。状就是描述的意思。状语通常是副词性的，用来修饰谓语动词。描述谓语动词这个动作所发生的时间，地点，原因，结果，方式，条件等。如果用一个完整的句子来做状语，这就是状语从句。状语从句种类和相应从属连词如下：思维导图详解 2)地点状从： ①Where there is a will, there is a way.

在有意志力的地方，就有一条路。=有志者，事竟成。 ②Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire. 在任何有有烟的地方，一定有一堆火。=无风不起浪。写作技巧：在写作中，我们可以化用套用句式而不是简单的引用原句。比如在一场地震中，一方有难八方支援，人间有真情人间有大爱。我们可以说，Where there is love, there is hope.哪里有爱，哪里就有希望。 3)原因状从 ①—Why are you late? —Because I missed the early bus. —你为什么迟到？—因为我没赶上早班车。 ②Since/Now that everyone is here, let's begin. 既然大家都来了（大家都知道的事实，显而易见的原因），让我们开始吧。注：表因为的短语，to和of介词后加名词不能连接句子。 3to：thanks to, owning to, due to 3of: because of, as a result of, on account of.

4)结果状从 ①I took an umbrella, so that I didn't get wet in the rain.我带了把伞，因此我没淋到雨。 ②雨下得如此大以至于（导致……结果）我们不能出去。 It is so heavy a rain that we can't go out. It is such a heavy rain that we can't go out. It is raining so heavily that we can't go out. 注：so是副词，可修饰形容词/副词，such是形容词，可修饰名词/名词词组。so/such和that之间有名词时： ①可数名词复数和不可数名词，只用such ②可数名词单数，so，such都可以语序不同 ③名词前有多少、没有名词时只用so 5)目的状从 ①Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带把伞以防下雨。（以防：为了防止） ②I take an umbrella so that(=in order that) I won't get wet in the rain. 为了不被雨淋湿，我打了把伞。（主将从现）注意跟前句对比：I took an umbrella, so that I didn't get wet in the rain.我带了把伞，因此我没淋到雨。（主过从过）

英语状语从句的翻译

英语状语从句的汉译 [导读]英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。【摘要】英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。有些状语从句的位置比较灵活，有前有后。在英语状语从句的汉译中，我们应注意各类状语从句在英汉两种语言中的位置差异，在译文中适当调整语序，相应地译成符合译文表达习惯的状语从句。【关键词】英语；状语；从句；汉译；探讨英语状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、比较和方式状语从句等。有些状语从句的位置比较灵活，有前有后。此外，英语中各类状语从句都有明显的反映其逻辑关系的连接词。汉语的状语从句与英语的状语从句最大区别就在于状语从句的位置和连接词。一般说来，英语中表示方式、比较和结果等关系的状语从句位于主句之后，其它状语从句的位置比较灵活，可前可后。汉语中多数状语从句是放在主句之前，只有比较和结果状语从句位于主句之后，方式状语从句则可前可后。因此，在翻译状语从句时，无论是英译汉，还是汉译英，我们应注意各类状语从句在英汉两种语言中的位置差异，在译文中适当调整语序，相应地译成符合译文表达习惯的状语从句。其次，应注意连接词，分清主句和从句之间的逻辑关系，尤其是在汉译英时，因为汉语造句多用意合法，一些连接词往往省略。英译汉时，还应注意尽量避免机械地照搬连接词的汉语对应词或译义，在准确理解主句和从句间的逻辑关系后，进行相应的句型转换，如将英语的时间状语从句译为汉语的并列句或条件句，地点状语从句译为汉语的条件句等。汉译英时我们还应注意主语的使用。一、状语从句前置英语中的时间、地点、条件、原因等状语从句可前可后，而汉语中的这类状语从句一般前置；英语中表示条件的状语从句一般位于句首，尤其是虚拟条件句，这类条件句常常采用顺译法，将从句置于句首；英语中的让步状语从句前后均可，而汉语则前置为多。Culture shock does not seem like a very helpful experience, when you are going through

语法状语从句讲解

语法状语从句由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或就是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。第一讲时间, 地点状语从句时间状语从句:when, while, as, before, after, since , whenever until, till, by the time(注意时态) as soon as, had hardly…when, had no sooner…than,(on doing sth…) the moment, every time/ each time, the first time, once e、g: When he came, I had cleaned the classroom、 He didn’t stop working until his mother came bake、 He worked until his mother came back、 As soon as he returned, he bought a new flat、 He had no sooner returned than he bought a new flat He came to scene the moment he heard the news、 I thought her nice and honest the first time I met him、 Once he makes up your mind, he won’t change his mind、 It was two years before I met him again、= Two years passed before I met him again、注意点1、when引导的从句动词可以就是延续性的或短暂性的,while引导的从句中动词必须就是延续性的; while有时并不表示时间,而表示对比,表示“而”、“却”。 When I got home I found the door locked、 While(或When)we were working in the fields, it suddenly began to rain、 His pencil is red, while mine is yellow、 2、till与until not…until/till 解释为直到…才…主句动词一般就是短暂性的 …till/until… 解释为直到…为止主句动词一般就是延续性的一般情况下可以互换,但until可以位于句首,till则不能。 He worked until it was dark、 He didn’t stop working until it was dark、 Until it stops raining,the children can’t go out、＝Not until the rain stops can the children go out、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词就是where 与wherever等。 I ll go wherever the people want me to go、(wherever＝to any place where) He works where his grandfather fought、(where＝in the place where) You must stay where you are、= You must stay in the place where you are、 Wherever you go, I go too、 Where there is water, there is life、(那儿有… 那儿就有… Where there is a will, there is a way、) 圈出其中的从句并翻译: 1.Whenever it is his turn to speak, he gets nervous、 2.Every time he comes, he always tells us something interesting、 3.When I get the news, I will let you know as soon as possible、 4.Once he makes a promise, he will never break it、 5.I had no sooner run into the school gate than I heard the bell for class、 6.I found the lost watch under a desk after the children had left for home、 7.He had to be called two or three times before he came down to dinner、 8.We didn’t notice anything wrong with the washer until we started using it、 9.The hunter made mark on the tree where he stops、 10.Wherever he is, he will find time to do some reading、

状语从句的翻译

状语从句的翻译例1.When the levels reached 6 percent the crew members would become mentally confused, unable to take measures to preserve their lives. 当含量达到6%时, 飞船上的人员将会神经错乱, 无法采取保护自己生命的措施。（时间状语从句）例2.When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”. (83年考题) 当审查放宽时, 招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘, 在“艺术”的幌子下炮制出形形色色的东西来。（时间状语从句）例3.When tables and other materials are included, they should be conveniently placed, so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages. 当书中列有表格或其他参考资料时, 应当将这些内容编排在适当的位置, 以便使学生在查阅时, 不必翻太多的书页。（时间状语从句）例4.This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to contradict what the “law” would lead one to expect. 每当发现一个事实使人感到与该定律应得出的预期结论相矛盾的时候, 就发生这种情况。（时间状语从句）例5.Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a 'valid' or 'fair' comparison. (92年考题) 既然对智力的评估是比较而言的, 那么我们必须确保, 在对我们的对象进行比较时, 我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。（原因状语从句）

英语语法从句讲解

从句从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]

1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

初中英语思维导图复习(1)

思维导图建昌一中姜淑华一、思维导图理论思维导图是由英国心理学家在20世纪60年代发明的一种可以帮助学习和思考的思维工具。思维导图作为一种先进的思维方法，对于全面提高和发展一个人健全的思维品质具有非凡的价值，它赋予人的思维以最大的开放性和灵活性，被誉为二十一世纪全球性的思维工具。思维导图可以应用于生活和工作的各个方面，包括学习、写作、沟通、演讲、管理、会议等。它的使用，要求先写下基本概念，然后再从中辐射出与其相关的想法和思维动向。他通过让使用者用自己的思维方式来关注中心的办法，然后再慢慢地找出并画出与其相关的分支。思维导图实际上是用分割知识框架的方式来帮助我们理解并且记住信息的一种方式。它通过使用线条、色彩、箭头、分支以及其他方式来更好地绘制自己的脑图，可以帮助我们整理并且组建复杂的想法和过程。

二、初识思维导图第一次接触思维导图是2009年2月份在渤海大学的省骨干教师培训会上，锦州市英语教研员张丹老师和锦州市八中的于玲老师对思维导图做了个精彩的讲座。在辽宁省内锦州市是较早起步探索在英语教学中应用思维导图。葫芦岛市英语教研员李铁君老师听了讲座之后，对思维导图非常感兴趣，回到住所我们就不停地探讨思维导图，想办法怎样把它尽快地借鉴到我们的英语教学中。同年四月份李老师又组织一批葫芦岛市骨干教师专程去锦州八中听思维导图教学的现场观摩课，我又一次有幸亲临现场聆听，对思维导图有了更深刻和更全面的理解。锦州八中的两节课上思维导图主要运用于单词教学和的讲解。他们做的比较系统，学生把每个单元的知识框架都用彩笔画成了各种形式的思维导图。回来后我在英语课堂教学中对思维导图的应用进行了一些尝试，收到了良好的效果。三、思维导图用于教学的探索（一）思维导图用于单词的学习与复习语言学家发现，英语语言的词汇并不是一系列独立的个体，而是都有着各自所归属的领域或范围的，他们因共同拥有某种共同的特征而被组建成一个语义场。比如，，，，，这样的单词归属为表示颜色的语义场。比如一词就是一词的下义词，他们之间是上下义词的关系。沈师外语学院的范革新院长提出三种有效的办法：从“感知”词到“理性”词；以“熟悉”词为中心，将单词归类；以语境来练习单词和巩固单词记忆。利用思维导图辨析同义词和近义词。一个人的词汇量大小可以分为四个层次，把握的数量依次递增：能说的词，能写的词，能读的词和能猜的词。前两个层次属于能够应用的积极词汇，后两个层次属于不一定能够应用的消极词汇（汪榕培，1997）。对积极词汇量把握的多少，在英语单词学习中有着至关重要的作用。然而，学习积极词汇的难点就在于它们之中有很多词不仅形近，而且在用法上也很相似，很轻易使学习者混淆。用思维导图的方式，引导学生画出这些单词的脑图，不仅可以提高学生的记忆能力，对其组织能力及创造能力也有很大的帮助。

状语从句翻译

目的、结果状语从句 1.这个外国人以手势助说话，这样他就能使听众明白他的意思。(so that) 2.这位退休教师家住的离学校那么远，我们很少能见到他。(so….. that) 3.我说了什么使他竟然对我那么生气？(that) 4.他发音进步很快，英语已经读得非常漂亮。(such… that) 5.大象有强壮的身躯可以为人干重活。(so… that) 6.老师劝我们多带衣服以防天气转冷。(in case) 7.为了不被人轻易认出，这些影星们穿着便装。(in order that) 8.这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手(so… that)。（上海市高考题）地点状语从句 1.他在前天掉的地方找到了他的手机。(where) 2.在涉及到公司的利益之处，我们绝不可能轻易放弃。(where) 3.此后无论何时他有机会，他就会同她说话。(whenever) 4.哪儿有病人和苦难，哪儿就有红十字会的工作人员。(wherever)

让步状语从句 1.尽管我承认问题很难，我不同意说它们不能解决。（while） 2.无论我给他们多少忠告，他还是一意孤行。（no matter how） 3.即使我们旅行后很累了，我们仍情绪高昂。（Even if） 4.尽管他喜欢布朗教授的讲课，但不喜欢他的举止。（though） 5.无论你有可能说什么，我都会毫不犹豫地帮助她克服困难。（whatever） 6.这个工人无论怎样努力，他似乎总是不能把工作做得令人满意。（however） 7.不论你是冬天来还是夏天来，你都会觉得这是个居住的好地方。（whether…or…） 8.不管我何时打电话请求帮助，他都会马上来我家。（whenever） 9.今晚无论是谁来串门，告诉他我不到十点钟是不会回来的。（whoever） 10.虽然并不富裕，但是他对自己的生活相当满意。（Although）（上海市高考题）

状语从句语法讲解

咼中英语状语从句定义: 在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等.状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用. 分类根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④ 目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句三、时间状语从句主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主句是—过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时；主句是一般过去时忆：“主将，从句用一般过去时.记从现” (一)引导时间状语从句的连词有：As，whe n (whe never)，before，after，as soo n as，un til (till)，since，every time，once. | （二）、具体应用1）“while ”主、从句动作或状态同时发生.用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程.记忆：While 后用进行时.While we were having supper， all the lights went out. Please kee p quiet while others are study in g」 While I was writing letters last night，he was watching TV. 2 ）When 表示“就在”的时候"， while 意为反而，可是，表示转折.One evening Beethoven was walking in a street，when he sudde niy stopped outside a little house. 3）When ever无论什么时候，随时 1.When ever some one throws in some rubbish，the truck p roduees a pi eee of music. 每当有人扔进一些垃圾时，它（汽车）就放一段音乐 2.When ever we' re in trouble，they will help us. 3.I go to the theatre, whe never I am free. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c817385788.html,e and see me whe never you want to.你随时来看我 4) till和until(表示"直到” ”)句首多用until | 1在肯定句中表示“直到”为止”，主句谓语动词要用延续性动词 I was wait ing un til/till he arrived. 2、在否定句中表示“直到，，才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词，这时until和till常被before 替换. I did n' t leave till/un til she came back. 5) si nee:主句用完成时，从句用一般过去时，si nee引导的从句间或可用现在完成时 It is two years since I have studied En glish. 1.We have known each other si nee we were childre n. 2.We have bee n friends （ever sin ce） since we met at school. 3.It is ”（一段时间）+since+—般过去时态句子 It is two years since my sister married. I

(完整word版)仁爱英语八年级(下)语法思维导图

条件状语：表达动作发生的条件介词短语表条件 in case of + 名（短）如果… You must stay away from tall furnitures in case of an earthquake. 句子表条件if + 句子如果… You must stay away from tall furnitures if an earthquake happens. I will go to the zoo if it doesn’t rain tomorrow. 目的状语从句：表达动作的目的介词短语表目的in order to do …为了…；目的是… 句子表目的so that + 句子 in order that + 句子为了…；目的是… I work very hard ______ I can live a better life.A. in order B. in order to C. so to D. in order that The children are going to have a food festival ______ raise money for Free the Children.A. so B. in order to C. so that D. in order 结果状语从句：表达动作的结果句子表结果so … that + 句子 such…that + 句子如此…以至于 Your dress is ______ beautiful _____ we all want to buy one.A. so…that B. such… that C. very … that D. such, / Maria is wearing _____ pretty shoes _____ she looks cool. A. so…that B. such…that C. very… that D. such, / 主谓宾 People hate English 1.名词作主语People in China hate English 2.名短作主语 Playing sports makes me healthy 3.动名词作主语To wear suitable clothes on every occasion is important (for us ) 4.动词不定式作主语 It is important (for us ) to wear suitable clothes on every occasion. That we wear suitable clothes on every occasion is important 5.句子作主语（须由that 引导）——主语从句 It is important that we wear suitable clothes on every occasion.

高中英语语法---条件状语从句讲解

条件状语从句概念定义由引导词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。在英文中，条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。（注意：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，表示将来时态，主句是一般将来时态,祈使句或情态动词，从句要用现在时态,[主将从现原则]（主将从现，将并非指将来时，还指表示将来含义的，跟着if后的那句话是从句。）类型条件状语从句语法引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如： 1） If you ask him,he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 2） If you fail in the exam,you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的 if引导的条件状语从句既可以将从句放前面也可以将从句放后面（如果天下雨，我们就不玩了）If it rains,we will stop playing.‘ 转为We will stop playing if it rains. if引导的条件状语从句

另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设，从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如：If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.如果没有堵车，我会到的早一点儿。那么，除了if之外，是否还有其他连词也可以引导条件状语从句呢?回答是肯定的，不仅有，还有很多。这些词由于出现的频率较小，且用法较复杂一些，所以不如if为大家所熟知罢了。下面就这些词的用法以例句的形式进行一下简单总结。 1、unless conj.除非，若不，除非在……的时候 You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身，你就不能及时赶到那儿。 Unless it rains,the game will be played.除非下雨，比赛将照常进行。 2、on condition(that)...在……条件下，如果 on condition (that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。 I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保密。 You can go swimming on condition (that) you don't go too far from the river bank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。 3、supposing conj.如果，假如 supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件。 Supposing it rains,shall we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨，我们的运动会还要继续举行吗? Supposing anything should go wrong,what would you do then?假如出了什么问题，你准备怎么对付?

状语从句汉译英

原因状语从句 I．because 1．因为他诚实，所以他的朋友喜欢他。 2．他的朋友喜欢他是因为他诚实。 II．now that 1．既然大家都到了，我们可以开始讨论了。 2．既然你已经康复了，你就可以回去工作了。. 条件状语从句 I．if，unless 1．如果我回去晚了，妈妈会生气的。 2．如果你愿意，你可以试一试。 3．除非明天下雨，不然我是要去的。 4．除非我们现在出发，不然我们就迟到了。 II．so long as 1．只要你不离开河岸太远，你可以去游泳。 2．只要你答应不去赌博（go gambling），我就同意把钱借给你。 3．只要你保持安静，你可以留在此地。让步状语从句 I．even if，even though 1．即使你付钱给我，我也不愿做着事。 II．whether or not，whether…or…(not) 1．不管这是否是最好得计划，他们都必须执行。 2．不管你是否愿意，你必须把它做好。 IV．wh-ever, no matter wh- 1.不论怎么做,这件事都将是错误的。 2.不管他是谁，不要给他开门。 3.无论你做什么，你必须尽力而为。 5. 无论发生什么事，不要改变主意。 6. 不管工作有多么困难，我们必须按时完成。 V .though\although 1.他虽然很累，但很开心， 2.他虽然很穷，但乐于助人。目的状语从句 I . so that (will,shall,may,can) 1．他把我的鞋拿走了，这样我就不能离开屋子了。 2．我给他一把钥匙，以便他可以随时进入房间。

3．他起得很早，为的是能赶上头班汽车。结果状语从句 II．so…that, such…that, so that 1．他非常生气，以至于说不出话来。 2．他太激动了，结果无法入睡。 3．他讲得很清楚，所以人人都能听得懂。 4．他是一个自私的人，所以没人愿意与他为友。地点状语从句 1．我住的地方有很多商店。 2．没有水的地方就没有农事（farming）。 3．把药放在你能容易拿得到的地方。 4．我们愿意到人民需要我们的地方去。 5．有志者，事竟成。方式状语从句 I．as 1．想按照他被告之的那样去做。 2．我要按老师教的那样做练习。 II．as if，as though 1．他看上去好像在生病。 2．他张开嘴好像要说话的样子。 3．她微笑着好像再做一场甜蜜的梦（dream ）。时间状语从句 Ⅰ.When： 1．他看到我就哭了。 2．我做完作业就来。 3．当我们在看电视时，他走进了房间。 4．他开始给老板干活时，年进十岁。 5．我进去时，他在听收音机。 6．我到家时，爸爸在做晚饭。 7．当消防队员到那里时，火已被扑灭了。 II.before ,after连词前可加just, right, a long time , soon, three days等。 1．他的父亲在他出生之前就死了。 2．做完作业后你可以休息一下。 3．我们在火车到达之前就等了很久了。 4．电影开始十分钟后他们才到。 5．出院不久后他就开始工作了。

条件状语从句翻译练习(老师)

条件状语从句： 1.只要你不在乎乘夜班车，你就可以提前赶到北京去开会。 You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provoded you don’t mind taking the night train. 2．如果这所大学没有一个好声誉，我也不会来了 If this university didn’t have such a good reputation, I would not have come here. 3.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers. 4、我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们早打他电话了。 We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we would have phoned him earlier。 5、琼不想马上就工作，她认为要是找了工作，就不能经常探访她的朋友了。 Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were tp get a job she probably wouldn't be able to visit her friends frequently. 6、如果你昨晚没有跟汤姆一起去聚会的话，那么你就可以见到约翰了。 If you hadn’t gone with Tom to the party last night, you would have met John 7、如果我认识乔治，那么我会向他借点钱。 I would ask George to lend me some money if I knew him. 8. 无论她贫穷还是富有，我都会娶她。 Be she poor or rich, I will take her as my wife. 9.如果明天天晴，我就要去划船。 If it is sunny tomorrow, I will go boating. 10.如果你昨天晚上睡得早一点，你现在就不会这么困了 If you had slept earlier last night, you would not be so sleepy now. 11.除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。 You will be late unless you leave immediately. 12. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。 If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 13. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 14.众所周知，除非你经常锻炼，否则不可能身体健康。 It is known to all that unless you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health. 15. 学生们边听课边做笔记。 The students took notes as they listened. 16.自从你离开这里，我们学校发生了很大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in our school since you left. 17、____ both sides accept the agreement ____ a lasting peace be established in this region. A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, would 题解：答案是A。译文：只有双方都同意这个协议，这一地区才可能建立起持久的和平。 18、I will accept any job ____ I don’t have to get up earlier. A. lest B. as long as C. in case D. though 19.、Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams A. must have got through B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through