薄冰初中英语语法 · 之 引语
薄冰初中英语语法之
引语
主编薄冰
执行主编秦桂枝王璐孙晓芳
山西教育出版社
2014年第四版
出版人雷俊林
出版策划苗补坤
责任编辑仇小燕
ISBN 978-7-5440-5629-8
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丨学英语，凭什么让我学语法吗？？？
不时听到一些青年问道：学英语一定要学语法吗？语法应该怎么学呢？我们
就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。
对中国学生来说，尤其是成年人，我看是学点语法好。语法，顾名思义，乃是语
言的法则和规律。学习语法，尤其是一些基本法则，至少有下列几个好处：
第一 可以使你学得快些，因为已有现成的前人总结的法则，用不着你从
头摸索。
第二 可以使你学得透些，因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然，而
且可以知其所以然。
第三 可以使你学得准些，因为语法法则就是一条条准绳，可以用以衡量
一句话是否正确。
第四 语法不但可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜，使你逐渐眼界开阔，语
感加深，从而使你的英语水平不断提高。
丨那么应该如何学习语法呢？
我认为在学习语法过程中，应该注意下面几点：
第一 基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时，一定要把它的基本概念
搞清，牢记在心。
第二 要大量地实践，大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面，
练习要着重说和写。
第三 学习语法时，应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的
单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较，效果就比较好。
第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法，就不必钻牛角尖，
进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。
第五 将一本语法书通读一遍，当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书，
像词典一样地经常查阅，始能学得比较细致牢靠。
第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导，像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定
水平之后，就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑，影响你说和写的
流利性。
最后 可能还会有人说，语法应该学，就是太枯燥。我的感觉是：开头有
点枯燥，过些时候，就会像嚼橄榄似的，越学越有味了。如若不信，请试试看。
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目 录
１８—１ 引语
１８—２ 引语的转换
时态的变化
其他变化
１８—３ 疑问句的引述
１８—４ 祈使句的引述
１８—５ 意见、建议、咨询的引述
１８—６ 感叹句的引述
以what 或how 为引导词
以that 为引导词
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Unit 18 引语
18—1 引语
直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话加以引用或复述出来。间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话。通常情况下，直接引语须放在引号内；间接引语不必用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。如：
John said, “I am going to Shanghai with my father.”
约翰说：“我要和父亲去上海。”（直接引语）
John said he was going to Shanghai with his father.
约翰说他要和他爸爸去上海。（间接引语）
直接引语转化为间接引语不变的情况如下：
(1) 直接引语为一般过去时且与一个具体的表示过去的时间状语连用时。如：
My father said to me, “I read the book in 1990.”
→My father told me he read the book in 1990.
我父亲告诉我，他于1990年读了这本书。
She said, “I went to England in 1998 .”
→She said that she went to England in 1998.
她说她1998年去了英国。
(2) 直接引语表达的是客观真理、公认事实或习惯动作时。如：
The geography teacher said to us,“The earth turns around the sun.”→The geography teacher told us that the earth turns around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
The scholar said,“The whole world is made up of matter.”→The scholar said that the whole world is made up of matter. 那位学者说整个世界都是由物质构成的。
(3) 直接引语若为虚拟语气时。如：
“It’s time we had a holiday,”she said.→She said that it was time they had a holiday. 她说：“我们该休假了。”→她说她们该休假了。
18—2 引语的转换
直接引语变为间接引语，除人称要统一之外，还要在时态、状语上作必要的调整。
1. 时态的变化
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
将来进行时 过去将来进行时
将来完成时 过去将来完成时
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2. 其他变化
(1) 指示代词
直接引语 间接引语
this that
these those
(2) 时间状语
直接引语 间接引语
now then
today that day
this week （month 等） that week （month 等）
yesterday the day before
last week the week before
three days ago three days before
tomorrow the next （following ）day
next week the next （following ）week
(3) 地点状语
直接引语 间接引语
here there
She said,“I need some salt.”→She said that she needed some salt.
她说她需要一点盐。
Joe said,“We have got two gold medals in the sports meeting.”→
Joe said that they had got two gold medals in the sports meeting.
乔说他们在运动会上获得了两枚金牌。
He said to me,“I have left my book in your room.”→
He told me that he had left his book in my room.
他跟我说他把书忘在我的房间里了。
She said to me,“My sister will be back tomorrow.”→
She said that her sister would be back the next day.
她说她姐姐第二天回来。
18—3 疑问句的引述
直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接问句。
引述句的动词常用ask ，inquire ，wonder ，want to know 等。间接问句的语序一般都用正常语序，句末不用问号。其特点为：
(1) 直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时，间接引语采用陈述句语序，用whether 或if 引导。如：
She asked me ，“Are you Mr Li ?”→
She asked me if I was Mr Li. 她问我是不是李先生。
He asked ，“Do you want tea or coffee?”→
He asked whether I wanted tea or coffee. 他问我是要茶还是要咖啡。
Tom asked ，“Are you good at swimming?”→
Tom asked whether / if I was good at swimming. 汤姆问我是否擅长游泳。
(2) 由特殊问句转换的间接引语通常以wh-词为引导词。如：
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“What are you looking for?”David asked.→
David asked what I was looking for.戴维问我在寻找什么。
“How far is the Summer Palace from here?”Tom asked.→
Tom asked how far the Summer Palace was from there.
汤姆问颐和园离这里有多远。
(3) 当直接引语是选择疑问句时，通常只用whether 作引导词。如：
“Is the book open or closed?”he asked me.→
He asked me whether the book was open or closed.
他问我这本书是合上的，还是打开的。
(4) 在特殊疑问句的引语转换中，要注意把引语中的语序变为陈述句的语序，也就是说把主语放在谓语前面。如：
He said,“Where are you to get off, John?”→
He asked John where he was to get off.
他问约翰在哪儿下车。
(5) 从意义上看，有些疑问句并非提出询问，而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句通常用“谓语动词＋宾语＋不定式”的形式表示。若表示建议，常用“suggest ＋动名词或that 从句”的结构。如：
“Would you please spare me a few minutes?”→
He asked me to spare him a few minutes.
他要求我为他抽出点时间。
“Why don’t you take a walk after supper?”he said.→
He advised me to take a walk after supper.
他建议我晚饭后去散步。
“Why don’t you give the book to him?”he said.→
He suggested giving the book to him.或He suggested that I give the book to him.
他建议我把这本书给他。
18—4 祈使句的引述
间接祈使句通常是“动词＋宾语＋不定式”的结构。即ask / tell / order sb.(not)to do sth. 。如：
“Please don’t disturb me,”he said.→He asked me not to disturb him.
他叫我不要打扰他。
The woman said to her son,“Don’t give up.”→
The woman told her son not to give up. 那位妇女告诉她儿子不要泄气。
“Please take me up to the 15th floor,”she said to the woman.→
She told the woman to take her up to the 15th floor.
她让那妇女把她送到第15层。
注意
(1) 引述动词，我们根据直接引语中的不同语气可选用beg ，request ，advise ，ask ，tell ，remind ，order ，command ，warn 等。
(2) 引述表示建议、提议、劝告的祈使句，可用“suggest ＋that 从句”或“suggest ＋动名词”结构，还可用“offer ＋不定式”结构。如：
“Let’s go to the theatre ，”he said.→He suggested going to the theatre. 他建议去看戏。
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18—5 意见、建议、咨询的引述
含有shall I...?和should I...?等表示提出意见或建议的问句可以用两种方法引述。 “Shall / Should I phone her?”he asked me. “我应该给她打电话吗？”他问我。
He wanted to know if / whether he should phone her.
他想知道他是否应该给她打电话。
(1) 征询意见时用的疑问词（如How shall / should I...？等）也可以有两种方法引述。如： “How shall / should I repair it?”he asked. 他问道：“我该怎么修理它呢？”
He wanted to know how he should repair it. 他想知道他该怎样修理它。
(2) 除了why 外，其他疑问词后都可用带to 的不定式。如：
He wanted to know why he should wait. 他想知道为什么他该等待。
18—6 感叹句的引述
由what 和how 引导的感叹句变为间接引语，通常有两种转化形式：
1. 以what 或how 为引导词
“What a lovely day it is!”he said.→He rem arked what a lovely day it was.
他赞叹天气可真好。
2. 以that 为引导词
“How marvellous the performance is!”he said.→He said how marvellous the performance was. 或He said （that ）the performance was marvellous.
他说演出太精彩了。
“What a clever boy(you are)!” “（你）真是个聪明的男孩！”
He remarked that I was a clever boy. 他说我是个聪明的男孩。
注意
有些感叹句不必用间接引语转述。必须转述时，要根据句意采用适当动词变成陈述句。如：
He admitted that it was surely a good idea. 他承认这确实是个好主意。
“Nonsense.” “胡说。”
He didn’t believe a word of it. 他对此一点也不相信。
“Congratulations ！” “祝贺！”
He congratulated to me. 他对我表示祝贺。
初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
初中英语语法测试题_(完整版)
英语语法专练 第一部分冠词 there ____“s”in the end of the word D. / 2.Mr. Wang is ____honest man. D. / is ____university student. D. / 4. ____ book is very useful. I bought it from____unknown little town. , a , a , the , an in ___Grade three is ____tallest in our school. , the, the , a, a , ×, the , ×, a moves around____earth,and they both are smaller than ____sun. , an, a , the, the C.×, ×, × , the, the 7. She was playing ____piano then. B./ should care for ____old. , a , the , a , the city lies on ____Yangtzi River. C./ doesn’t have ____lunch at home.
C./ 第二部分名词 there ____on that plate There are ____under that tree. chicken chicken chickens chickens need two ____to repair the table. of woods of wood of wood of woods know ____doesn’t runl so fast as light（光）. sound sound are sixty ____in our school. teacher teachers teachers teacher Smith is a friend of_____. ’s mother’s ’s mother ’s of Mary mother’s 第三部分数词 always wanted to have ___of books and he has recently bought four ____. ,hundred ,hundred ,hundreds ,hundreds People’s Republic of China was founded ____,1949. October 1 October 1st October 1st 1 3friday is the ____day of the week.
初中英语语法大全
初中英语语法大全 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/c117691176.html, 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at nigh t I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
初中英语语法综合练习题
初中英语语法综合练习题 单项选择 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．answer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. % A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet { 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. ~ A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself.
A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 、 9、Does Jack want a writer A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 【 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A．to help B．help C．helped 【 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought
初中英语语法测试100题
实用文档 初中英语语法测试100 题 1.—How many________are there in your school,T om?—Two. A．Japanese B．American C．Germen D．Australian 2.________room is big and bright.They like it very much. A．T om and Sam B．T om's and Sam C．T om and Sam's D．T om's and Sam's 3.The students didn't find much_______about the topic on that website. A．report B．article C．information D．story 4.There are many________at the foot of the hill. A．cow B．horse C．sheep D．fish 5.They are from________.They're________． A C ．Germany;Germans ．German;Germany B．Germans;Germany D．Germany;Germen 6.—What would you like to drink,girls?—________，please. A．Two glass of water B．Two glass of waters C．Two cups of tea D．Two cups of teas 7.Kate is________girl.She's very happy at school. A C ．a eighteen-year-old ．an eighteen-years-old B．an eighteen-year-old D．a eighteen-years-old 8.In our school,there are fifty-five________. A C ．women teachers ．women teacher B．woman teachers D．woman teacher 9.My cousins have collected stamps for two years.They have________stamps from different countries. A．a little B．many C．much D．little 10.________of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday.They were staying at home all that day. A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．None
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初中英语语法测试100题
初中英语语法测试100题 1.—How many ________ are there in your school, Tom —Two. A．Japanese B．American C．Germen D．Australian 2.________ room is big and bright. They like it very much. A．Tom and Sam B．Tom's and Sam C．Tom and Sam's D．Tom's and Sam's 3.The students didn't find much _______ about the topic on that website. A．report B．article C．information D．story \ 4.There are many ________ at the foot of the hill. A．cow B．horse C．sheep D．fish 5.They are from ________. They're ________． A．Germany; Germans B．Germans; Germany C．German; Germany D．Germany; Germen 6.—What would you like to drink, girls —________， please. A．Two glass of water B．Two glass of waters C．Two cups of tea D．Two cups of teas ~ 7.Kate is ________ girl. She's very happy at school. A．a eighteen-year-old B．an eighteen-year-old C．an eighteen-years-old D．a eighteen-years-old 8.In our school, there are fifty-five________. A．women teachers B．woman teachers C．women teacher D．woman teacher 9.My cousins have collected stamps for two years. They have ________ stamps from different countries. A．a little B．many C．much D．little … 10.________ of the twins went to watch Peking Opera last Sunday. They were staying at home all that day. A．Either B．Both C．Neither D．None 11.There is _________ in today's newspaper. I am bored. A．new nothing B．new something C．nothing new D．something new 12.The old man has two sons. One is a worker; ________ is a teacher. A．another B．other C．others D．the other 13.There is some salt in the bowl. Please pass ________ to me.
初中英语语法 知识点(全)
七年级（上） 1.family name = last name 姓first name = given name 名字 2. 用某种语言用介词in （如in English） 3. 电话用语中this that 回答 “Is that Mr.H” “Yes，it is” 4.hat 有边沿的帽子cap 有帽舌的帽子 5.名词的复数形式：①一般+s ②s,x,ch,sh,结尾的+es ③辅音字母+y 去y为I，+es ④o结尾，除了negro hero tomato potato +es，其余+s ⑥特殊名词复数形式 6.应对道谢You are welcome = That’s all right =That’s OK = Not at all = It’s my pleasure. 7.Here you are = Here it is = It is here 倒装句here +be +名词here +代词+be 8.in 年月季节on 日星期几节日at 钟点 9.join 参加加入（团体组织）take part in 参加（活动） 10. be busy doing 11.be strict with sb be strict in sth 12.bring+人或物+to +地点把…带到某地 bring+人或物+for+人给某人带来… 13. start doing start +名词 start to do的情况：主语是物不是人;start本身为starting时;其后的动词与想法感情有关14.what time is it？=what’s time？询问钟点回答：It is….（一律） 单词：trumpet喇叭racket（网球羽毛球）球拍plural复数，复数形式，复数的ninth第九furniture家具February二月eraser橡皮擦dresser梳妆台 drum鼓documentary纪录片description描述broccoli花椰菜biology生物学 comedy喜剧singular单数plural复数 七年级（下） 1.hear from sb. 收到…的来信 2.be friendly to 对…友好 3.another 另一，再一 other 其他的，别的（无范围）+名词（复数） the other 两个中的另一个（通常搭配one…the other…） others 其他的人或物（代词） the others 多个中的剩余几个（不加名词，通常搭配some….the others…） 4.what+be+主语?=what do/does+主语+do？询问职业 5.be surprised + at sth./to do sth./句子 6.in the corner 屋里某个角落 on the corner = at the corner 街头某个拐角处 7.every day 每天（状语）everyday 日常每天的adj.+ n.. 8. in the tree 在树上（非树本身的一部分）on the tree 在树上（树上的一部分） 9.in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院工作 10. agree with sb agree to sth 答应agree on/upon/about 达成一致意见 11.tell…from…把…与…区别开来
初中英语语法测试题(完整版)
英语语法专练第一部分冠词 1.Is there “s”in the end of the word? A.an B.a C.the D. / 2.Mr. Wang is ___ _honest man. A.an B.a C.the D. / 3.He is ____university student. A.a B.an C.the D. / 4. __ book is very useful. I bought it from unknown little town. A. A, a B.The, a C.The, the D.The, an 5. _________________________ ___girl in ___Grade three is tallest in our school. A.The, the, the B.A, a, a C.The, ×, the D.A, ×, a 6. ___ moon moves around _____ e arth,and they both are smaller than sun. A.The, an, a B.A, the, the C. ×, ×, × D.The, the, the 7. She was playing _ piano then. A.a B./ C.the D.an 8. ___ young should care for __ old. A.The, a B.The, the C.A, a D.A, the 9. _______________ The city lies on Yangtzi River. A.the B.a C./ D.an 10. ___________________ H e doesn ' t have lunch at home. A.a B.the C./ D.that 第二部分名词 1.Is there _ on that plate? There are under that tree. a. some chicken b.any chicken c.some chickens d.any chickens 2. ______________ We need two to repair the table. a. block of woods b.blocks of wood c.block of wood d.blocks of woods 3. __________ We know doesn't travel so fast as light. a.sound b.sounds c.a sound d.the sound 4. _______________ There are sixty in our school. a.woman teacher b.women teachers C.woman teachers d.women teacher 5. _______________________ Miss Smith is a friend of . a.Mary 's mother 's b.Mary 's mother c.mother 's of Mary d.Mary mother 's 第三部分数词 1. ___________________________________________________________ He always wanted to have ___of books and he has recently bought four ________________. a.hundred,hundred b.hundreds,hundred
初二英语语法测试题
八年级上学期英语月考题 Ⅰ词型变换（按照要求变换词型）（30分） 1. easy （反义词）________ （比较级）________ （最高级）________ 4. hungry （比较级）________ （反义词）________ （比较级）________ 7. worst （原级）________ 8. red （比较级）________ （最高级）________ 10. little （比较级）________ 11dig（过去式）________ 12．study（现在分词）________ 13．fall（过去式）________ 14．drive（现在分词）________ 15．become（过去式）________ 16．play（单、三形式）________ 17．write（过去分词）________ 18．hear（过去式）________ 19．broken（原形）_______ 20．read（过去分词）________ Ⅱ、用括号中适当的的词形填空（40分） 1．I can't read this word, ________ (either, too). 2．He plays tennis ________ (good, well). 3．He ________ (go)to the park every day. 4．My uncle_______ ________ (live)in Nanjing now. 5．There ________ (is, was, are, were)a lot of people in this village ten years ago. 6. Let’s______ (visit) Lily. She’s_______ (leave) for Shanghai tomorrow. 7. People often ________ _______ ________ _______(起决定作用)______ (decide) the ______ (win). 8. The little girl is ______ ______(enough,old)_____ _______(go)to school. English teacher told us________ _______ in class yesterday.(new,something) 10 Lucy is _____ _____ (young) of the two girls. is one of_____ _____ ________ (beautiful) _______(city) in China. you take English ______ _______(serious)than before,you will get ______ (good)grades. is ______(become)as______(popular) as his deskmate in class. (sing)_____ _____(beautiful) than her sister means she didn’t_____ (sing) as beautiful as her sister. 15. You can_____get good grades as long as you don’t study ____(hard). Tom’s home is close to his school, ______ he takes a bus to school.(although, but) 17. I like all kinds of fruits,________ apples,pears,and bananas.(such as/ for example/like) Ⅲ、选择题（30分） 1．Our city is ______ yours. A．as bigger as B．as bigger than C.．biger than D．as big as 2．There's ______ with the bicycle.
初中英语语法基础知识汇总
初中英语语法基础知识汇总(1) 英语语法基础知识词类-名词Noun 名词（Noun．-n．） 第一部分：名词基础知识 定义：人、地、物、事或观念等名称叫做名词。 人：Edison（爱迪生），Helen（海伦），Mr．Wang（王先生） 地：Asia（亚洲），China（中国），New York（纽约） 物：book（书），dog（狗），tree（树），water（水） 事或观念：work（工作），music（音乐），truth（真理） 注： 1．如人名、地名、国名等属于该名称持有者专用的名称，其第一字母必须大写，如E dison，New York，China。 2．名词亦有可数和不可数之分，如果是可数的就有单数和复数的区别。所谓复数就是多于一个的意思，通常是在单数名词的词尾加“-s，es，ies，…”以示其为复数。例如： a book（一本书）two books（两本书） one boy（一个男孩）some boys（一些男孩） one girl（一个女孩）many girls（许多女孩） 名词在句子中的主要功能如下： （1）作句子的主语，例： Miss Lin is our English teacher． （林小姐是我们的英语老师。） （2）作句子的主语补语或宾语补语，例： John and Tom are good friends． （约翰和汤姆是好朋友。—主语补语） I call my puppy “Luck”． （我叫我的小狗“来福”。—宾语补语）
（3）作及物动词的直接宾语，例： Can you ride a bicycle?（你会骑自行车吗？） （4）作介词的宾语，例： You can go by taxi．（你可以乘出租车去。） 第二部分：名词单复数-单数变复数 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes 反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs 还有一些不规则变化，请参照中学英语频道相关文章。 第三部分：名词所有格 A. 's用在单数名词以及不以s结尾的复数名词之后： a man's jo b 男人的活儿
最新初中英语语法知识—名词的基础测试题
一、选择题 1．—_________ is it from Wuxi to Shanghai? —It’s about ________ drive. A．How long; a two hours’B．How far; a two-hours C．How far; two hours’D．How long; a two-hour 2．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 3．With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment. A．development; to protect B．developing; to protect C．development; protect D．develop; protect 4．—I hear your family have made up their ________ to India next month. Have a pleasant journey. —Thank you. A．mind travelling B．minds travelling C．mind to travel D．minds to travel 5．—Why do you get up so early? —Because my home is far from the science museum. It’s ________bus ride. A．fifty-minutes B．fifty minute’s C．fifty-minute’s D．fifty minutes’6．Some ________went to Japan to help when they knew that many ________ lost their homes in the earthquake. A．Germen; Japanese B．Frenchmen; Japaneses C．Germans; Japanese 7．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．8．Look, this is________ bedroom. A．my father and mother’s B．my father’s and mother’s C．my father’s and mother D．my father and mother 9．Good food and_______help her_______better. A．exercise; study B．exercise; studies C．exercises; studying D．exercises; to study 10．_____________ mother usually cooks for ___________ at the weekend. A．Lily’s and Nick’s; them B．Lily and Nick’s; the m C．Lily and Nick’s; their D．Lily and Nick; their 11．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 12．-Can I help you?
最新初中英语语法知识—名词的经典测试题附答案
一、选择题 1．I share my room ______ a friend of _________. A．to, me B．with, mine C．with, me D．from, mine 2．-Can I help you? -Yes. I'd like__________ rice. A．a small bar of B．a slice of C．a large bag of D．a piece of 3．There are two________ near our school. A．shoe shops B．shoes shops C．shoe's shops D．shoes' shops 4．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 5．—What does your mother have for dinner？ — A．Chickens and tomato B．Chicken and tomatoes．C．Chicken and tomato．6．These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A．Jerry’s and Jenny’s B．Jer ry and Jenny’s C．Jerry’s sand Jenny 7．My mother often________when she was a young girl. A．keep diaries B．keep diary C．kept diaries D．kept diary 8．Look! The Chinese national basketball team ________ a face-to-face interview with their fans in the hall. How excited the fans are! A．is having B．are having C．have D．has 9．Do you know the three ______ under the tree? Their mothers are all ______in our school. A．boy students; woman teachers B．boy students; women teachers C．boys students; women teachers D．boys students; woman teachers 10．—What can I do for you? —Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and . A．some chickens B．any chicken C．some chicken 11．_____________ mother usually cooks for ___________ at the weekend. A．Lily’s and Nick’s; them B．Lily and Nick’s; them C．Lily and Nick’s; their D．Lily and Nick; their 12．________the________Mike’ s and Jack’s? A．Is, rooms B．Are, room C．Are, rooms D．Is, room 13．—Kate, what do you have ____________ dinner? —I have some____________, And I like them very much. A．/; chicken B．for; chicken C．/; vegetables D．for; vegetables 14．—Whose desk is it? Is it the ________? —Yes. It is ________.