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土壤镉污染对农作物的危害研究进展

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土壤镉污染对农作物的危害研究进展

作者:肖光辉卢红玲彭新德

来源:《湖南农业科学》2015年第09期

摘要:环境中重金属Cd主要通过土壤-作物-食品链对人体造成毒害。概括了影响作物吸收积累Cd的主要因素,包括作物本身特性、土壤中Cd的含量与形态分布、土壤性质及水肥

管理措施,综述了土壤Cd对作物生长发育、光合作用和呼吸作用、细胞分裂和细胞膜透性、氧化还原系统、生物酶活性和基因表达方面的影响及其影响机制,由此提出了应从Cd在食物链中转运的各个环节综合考虑降低Cd对作物的危害的阻控措施,以兼顾Cd污染农地的安全

高效利用及食品安全问题。

关键词:农作物;镉污染;危害;综述

中图分类号:X53 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-060X(2015)09-0083-04

Research Advances in Harmful Effects of Soil Cd Pollution on Crops

XIAO Guang-hui1,LU Hong-ling2,PENG Xin-de3

(1. Institute of Agricultural Information and Engineering, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, PRC; 2. Institute of Agricultural and Biological Resources Utilization, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, PRC; 3. Branch of Longping, Graduate School of Central South University, Changsha 410125, PRC)

Abstract:Environmental heavy metal Cd does harm to human through soil-crop-food chain. This paper summarizes factors influencing the Cd absorption and accumulation of crops from soils,such as crop characteristics, soil Cd contents and form distribution, soil properties, as well as water and fertilizer management. Then it reviews the effects of soil Cd on crop growth,photosynthesis and respiration, cell division and cell membrane permeability, oxidation-reduction system, enzyme activities, gene expression, and its influencing mechanism. On this basis, it proposes that some measures of reducing soil Cd harm to crops should be considered and practised comprehensively from every aspect and step of Cd trans ference in the food chain so as to balance the safety and efficient utilization of Cd polluted soils as well as food safety

Key words:crop; Cd pollution; harm; review

重金属镉(Cd)是环境中运移活跃、对生物和人类毒性较大的化学元素,主要通过土壤-作物-食品链,被人体吸收[1]。我国土壤表层Cd含量背景值为0.097 μg/g[2],但近年来随着采矿、冶炼和电镀工业的发展,土壤Cd污染日趋严重,耕地土壤的Cd污染已成为危及我国食

品安全的主要因素之一,受到广泛关注[3-4]。人体所需营养主要来源于土壤生产的农作物。其

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