硕士英语综合教程2课后答案

硕士英语综合教程2

课后习题答案

Unit 1

Human-based Strategy

1.Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) A(5) B

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) they value cultural diversity; they are family friendly; they invest in employee training; they empower their employees

(2) their employees; Howard Schultz

(3) cultural and technical aspects; coffee knowledge, product expertise, customer service and interpersonal skills

called Bean Stock

2.V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) astute(2) ignite(3) enthusiasm(4) turnover

(5) transaction(6) interact with(7) come into contact with(8) empower

(9) superior(10) drop out

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) D(8) B(9)C(10) A

3.Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) motivated(2) selecting(3) retain(4) relied

(5) differentiated(6) recruited(7) adaptability(8) prospective

(9) require(10) efficiently(11) comprehensive(12) challenge

(13) survived(14) rate(15) tripled(16) generous

(17) financial(18) reveal(19) premium(20) morale

4.Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.

(2) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.

(3) Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends.

(4) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.

(5) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth.

(6) China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy.

(7) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.

(8) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

It’s actually pretty natural, and almost unavoidable, for managers to form expectations of their workers. Research has found that in an organization, our expectations of others can be tied directly to productivity, profitability, and yes－motivation! If you have high expectations of your employees, you will possess a powerful and effective tool for improving performance and motivation within your organization.Performance is often a matter of expectations. Managers and supervisors form expectations of others, which then influence how they interact with those people. If you don’t expect much from your employees, they will sense that and perform poorly. Why? Because your expectations of them affect their desire to do well. The point is that people naturally try to live up to our expectations of them, or live down to them, whatever the case may be. So expect the best from your employees and don’t be surprised if that’s exactly what you get!

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。他们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。第二，它们具有家庭氛围。公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。它们将权力和义务下放到

公司的最底层。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 首先,如果你把他们安排在那些既能够体现他们自身价值同时又对公司发展有利的岗位上,他们将会更加愿意展现出自己最棒的一面。

(2) 如果你想激励员工让他们尽最大努力完成自己的工作,如果你想让他们成为公司最有价值的资产,那就让他们有公司的主人的感觉吧。

(3) 你作为领导应该知道员工积极性与其工作表现之间有直接的联系。事实上,这种联系取决于你公司的文化以及公司文化灌输给员工的热情。

(4) 员工能提出越多关于自己工作的想法,也越有可能接受你的看法。

(5) 只有当员工像老板进行投资那样决定投入自己的能力和精力的时候,他们才是真的“认同”,因此请给员工参与制定绩效标准的机会。

Text B Designing Cities for People

Key to the Exercises

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1) end up with(2) overwhelming(3) espouse(4) unprecedented

(5) be identical to(6) revive(7) deprived of(8) deemed

(9) rely on(10) bias

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1) the ratio of parks to parking lots

(2) 150 million people; 2.8 billion people; more than half of us are living in cities

(3) what could be done for who did not own cars

(4) they are the only places where people meet as equals

(5) an alternative transportation system; inexpensive and commut

(7) budget allocations for transportation; heavily biased toward; highways and streets; shifting resources from roads and highways; urban transit and bicycle support facilities

(8) concentrate fiscal resources; the small fraction of their people who own cars

(9) functional and affordable; making them attractive, even cultural centers

(10) redesign communities; the centerpiece of urban transport; pedestrian and bicycle friendly

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

(1) F(2) T(3) F(4) F(5) T(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) F(10) F

Unit 3

Cyberspace Network

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) A(2) C(3) B(4) C(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) infrastructure, including air traffic, financial markets and even basic email;incompetent, indecisive and confused

(2) if the world’s most innovative technology company can not protect its computers from degital aggressions, we can not expect to be protected by the government

(3) they have responsibility to povide some hard evidence to support their claims

(4) spamming, scamming and identity fraud, which are the inevitable casts of democratizing

(5) not a question of national security but a question of basic government incompetence

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) derail(2) hype(3) spamming(4) nascent(5) simulate

(6) parlance(7) weaponry(8) unplug(9) hostage(10) civilians

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) D(2) B(3) A(4) C(5) C(6) B(7) A(8) C(9) D(10) A

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) attack(2) disruption(3) described(4) assaults(5) traced

(6) authorized(7) identified(8) sophistication(9) rogue(10) intrusion

(11) demonstrate(12) issue(13) ultimate(14) eventual(15) launch

(16) offensive(17) analysis(18) security(19) investigation(20) shined

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind open—but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the complex and often unsettling truth about anything.

(2) The soldiers were so courageous that they sworn to wipe out any enemy that dare to invade into their country.

(3) They’re so lacking in confidence in the attraction of broadcasting the games on TV that they feel they have to hype up with some hysterical commentator in order to get anyone to watch them.

(4) What’s worse, there are those who would unleash malicious network attacks designed to exploit these hidden vulnerabilities to uncover the prized data within.

(5) The change of the government’s i nterference strategies on housing ushered in a period of stable house prices.

(6) This shows true leadership, sustained vision, and solid commitment. They were applauded for sticking with it for so many years with great subtlety.

(7) How to single out the most succinct way to finish the work still remains a problem.

(8) But Defense Secretary Gates said the United States has put a lot on the table in terms of missile defense proposals and it is time for the Russians to reciprocate.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

companies seemed to have originated in China. The Chairman of Chinese Internet Association refutes that it was an irresponsible prejudice to allege on that cyber attacks originated in China without thorough investigation,and was therefore absolutely arbitrary. With the rapid development on internet in the globe, it was difficult to determine the origin because of the ease of hiding identities online. The hacker may hide identities, log on the computer of a foreign country and

as well as many other countries, also faces severe threat of cyber attacks. Chinese government has always attached great importance to the security of the computer network and strengthened

crackdown through consultation and collaboration with the International Criminal Police

judging merely from computer IP address of China.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

为什么这些在军事领域里被认为是“计算机网络攻击”的策略没有被更广泛地运用？尽管互联网带来了巨大的变化,但它并没有使悠久的战争规律变得过时或毫不相关。比如,按照军事惯例要求在攻击时区分平民和军事目标。在既相互分离又相互连接的网络空间里,这个要求并不容易满足: 在网络攻击敌人的手机塔时,也会影响到平民目标。在2008年美军决定解散一个沙特阿拉伯的网络论坛。这个由CIA创立的论坛本来是用来收集情报的,但是却越来越被圣战分子用来计划对伊拉克的攻击。这次解散不经意间造成了在沙特阿拉伯、德国、德克萨斯州的300多台服务器的中断。网络攻击当然不具备外科手术的精确性,且对平民的伤害很难避免。军事指挥官们不想因战争罪受到审判，即使这些犯罪是通过网络进行的。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 根据最近的一项有关网络功能的民意调查显示,46%的受访者将因特网描述为朋友,43%的人则把它看成是敌人,还有11%的人心里不清楚。

(2) 网络能通过减少填写和更新应聘者资料的时间和成本来提高招聘效率,提升评估的有效性,以此来增强搜索公司提供给客户的建议的价值。

(3) 设想他们电脑的桌面上有一个图标,能够让他们提醒你一些任务,并且可以用鼠标将具体细节发送给你,这对客户来说将会是多么方便的事啊！

(4) 也就是说,一个设计良好的网络招聘程序能用网络来处理数据,每日不知疲倦地工作并且能跨越地理障碍,因此用人单位可以辨识候选人之间的细微差别,评估他们的优缺点,并且抓住机会推销他们。

(5) 这些新聘用的人员很快就被送到高价的培训项目中去学习在线获取应聘者资料的技术——远端网络数据挖掘工具——然后马上就能投入到工作之中去。

Text B Worldwide Mush

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1) aggregate(2) tyrannically(3) surgical(4) algorithms(5) benevolentness

(6) impede(7) cede(8) appalling(9) fallacy(10) lucrative

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1) instead of sitting;making those contributions unpaid

(2) develop unique approaches; a global mush

(4) dollop of online recognition; less cerebral work

(5) benefit from intellectual property; information can roam around

(6) acctually make a living; a peasant every day

(8) less inclined to; not thought of

(9) of extending the experience; an attempt

(10) as individuals; they and their children

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

(1) F(2) T(3) F(4) T(5) T(6) T(7) F(8) F(9) T(10) T

Unit 4

Love and Marriage

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) A(2) B(3) C(4) C(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) those traditionally unique advantages of marriage, such as raising children and enhancing one’s status and financial situation

(2) that marriage is dead, but that a growing number of adults are spending more of their lives single or living unmarried with partners

(3) get out of marriage (or any type of romantic relationship) and to get into a new marital relationship (or any other type of romantic relationship)

(4) although the attitudes toward marriage are largely dominated by a country’s cultural and religious beliefs, the wish for a stable, long term relationship is still a desired goal

(5) accept the possibility of having shorter marriages, in which love is more likely to remain alive; accept that marriage should essentially involve a companionable love rather than a romantic one

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) encapsulate(2) proclaim(3) companionable(4) respectability(5) intrinsically

(6) justification(7) contractual(8) exclusivity(9) gratifying(10) flexibility

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) A(2) C(3) D(4) B(5) A(6) B(7) C(8) A(9) C(10) B

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) equation(2) temporarily(3) how(4) back(5) version

(6) or(7) problem(8) trap(9) into(10) presents

(11) romantic(12) insane(13) let down(14) what(15) last

(16) though(17) marketed(18) wooed(19) caring(20) and

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

infrastructure, are stymied because of the lack of a clear policy framework.

(2) Fortunately, most managers welcome such initiative, and they are increasingly willing to give their employees more responsibility, autonomy, and authority in their jobs.

(3) We are offering a package deal which includes the whole office computer system, staff training and hardware maintenance.

accuracy, it is by no means infallible.

(5) This is a concrete illustration of what we mean by one and the same thing having two contradictory aspects.

(6) Actual demand in a particular year, in particular in the private sector, depends on the economic factors and the commercial decisions of developers and consumers.

(7) If you ever need a blood transfusion, it’s important that you only receive blood compatible with your own type.

(8) Therefore, the Europeanization of Chinese does not stem from an internal force, but rather originates from an external pressure.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder—but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that “caused” the break, b ut the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a “third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him—and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper.

er. In the vast majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any “third party” has appeared on the scene.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

现代社会,大多数由于解除婚姻关系所受的惩罚已经取消,而婚姻关系提供的许多鼓励措施也能在其他的社会结构中获得。因此,选择保持婚姻关系更多的是因为爱的缘故,而不是传统婚姻的一些独特优势,如抚养孩子,提高身份地位和改善经济状况。如果一个人觉得她目前的婚姻状态阻止她感受真挚的爱情,(从她的个人发展和满意度来看)她就没有太多的动力继续维持婚姻关系。事实上,现在许多离婚案件以缺乏爱情作为终止婚姻的理由,这表明爱情在当代婚姻中具有非同寻常的重要性。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 就生于不同国家、结合于第三国、目前在别国工作且子女、养老金和其他资产又散布于世界各地的跨国夫妇来说,他们的离婚大战在律师看来是福音,在其他人看来却是梦魇。

(2) 法国规定经济实力较弱的一方(通常是女方)离婚后必须立即自立;英格兰和美国一些州则要求终生赡养。有的国家仅要求对“婚后财产”(即婚后创建的资产)进行分割,有的却要分割所有财产。

(3) 英国法院正逐步采用这样一个原则(在美国一些州已得到确立),即婚后妻子为增强丈夫财富创造能力所付出的努力必须给予补偿,也就是说现有资产以及丈夫未来的收入都必须与妻子分享。

(4) 第三,一旦离婚迫在眉睫,女方也许想移居英格兰或者美国(但应避免到佛罗里达之类“无赡养费”的州);此时,男方宜留在欧洲大陆不动。

(5)戴安娜王妃的弟弟厄尔·斯宾塞同其第一任妻子离婚时,是在他们当时的居住地南非提起离婚诉讼的,这着实让他的妻子吃惊不小。因为如果放在他们曾定居过的英格兰,她也许就能得到更好的待遇。

Text B I Don’t—The Case against Marriage

Key to the Exercises

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1) rote(2) feminist(3) staggering(4) consumerism(5) sanctity

(6) caveat(7) subsidy(8) throes(9) debunk(10) fraction

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1) rite of; an institution

(2) the divorce rate peaked; made singledom chic

(3) their spouse

(4) has risen

(5) unmarried taxpayers; a real tax break

(7) less competent, less ambitious; less likely to be hired

(8) a business partner; love; chores

(9) financial independence

(10) less realistic; naive, almost arrogant

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

(1) T(2) T(3) F(4) F(5) T(6) T(7) T(8) F(9) F(10) T

Unit 5

Medicine and Illness

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) A(5) B

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) schools were shut down; the government banned public gatherings; travelers from affected regions who showed signs of flu were quarantined

(2) the young, the healthy and the pregnant

(3) not in people but in animals; those who are in close contact with animals

(4) hand washing, sanitation and distancing measures like keeping sick people at home

(5) communicate better what they know about an outbreak and what they don’t know about i t

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) stranded(2) hindsight(3) vaccine(4) intertwined

(5) transparency(6) grapple with(7) catch off guard(8) give more weight to

(9) piled up(10) stamp out

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) B(6) A(7) D(8) B(9) C(10) A

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) rather than(2) alone(3) concluded(4) timing(5) varies

(6) compared(7) reveal(8) connected(9) triggering(10) attributed

(11) majority(12) counted(13) risk(14) immunity(15) likely

(16) previous(17) adolescents(18) effectively(19) severe(20) dependent

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Some people dub China as “The Bicycle Kingdom”. Yet in the past, you could hardly see anyone from this kingdom in the international cycling events.

(2) The WHO says anyone exposed to the bird flu should be quarantined to avoid contact with

sufferers of regular human influenza.

(3) The great “Spanish flu” pandemic of 1918~1919 was considered the worst plague in history, killing up to 40 million people with half of the world’s population infected in only a few months. (4) The time for talk is over. The time for action is now. Because we know that if we don’t act, a bad situation will become dramatically worse. Crisis could turn into catastrophe for families and businesses across our country.

(5) Called plant factories, these anonymous looking warehouses have sprung up across the whole world and can churn out immaculate looking lettuces and green leaves 24 hours a day, seven days

a week.

(6) I think, learning English can boil down to three simple ingredients: persistence, proper ways and good teachers.

(7) Usually, when we put the blame on others, we would be blind of our own mistakes. And if we don’t acknowledge or learn from our own mistakes, chances are high that we are going to repeat them.

think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

Even in rich countries, it will be months before everyone who wants the vaccine can get it. Poor countries will get little if any vaccine. The pandemic vaccine should make you and your family safe from this virus, but you may not get it for months, if you can get it at all. Some countries, including the US and the UK, have ordered enough to vaccinate everyone and immunization began this month. Most poor countries will get only a little, or none. In rich countries many will still get sick, and some will die, before they can be vaccinated. And yet even people who can get it are hesitating. Nearly half the parents in the US say they will refuse to vaccinate their kids, even though children are a priority group for vaccination, due to unfounded rumors about the risks of the various swine flu vaccines.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

在甲流疫情刚开始的时候,卫生官员们就已经发现该病毒很容易传染。感染甲流的病例不断地增加,仅仅几个星期,甲流病毒就已经遍布世界的各个角落。但是当研究员们了解甲流是一种新型流感病毒时,当他们得知人类对其还没有免疫力时,当他们发现其传染速度很快时,他们并不能马上估量其是否具有致命性。过去的有些流行病是比较温和的,然而像导致全世界1亿人丧生的1918年流感之类的流感却是例外。毕竟在刚开始,没有任何方法可以去证明甲流病毒会是怎样的一种病毒。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 曾经看起来像是假想的问题现在惊人地变成了现实——即使我们还不清楚这场新近爆发的猪流感会发展成怎样一个局面: 可能只是一起简单的、吓人的事件,也可能成为一场全球健康灾难的开始,也可能是介于这两者之间。

(2) 对于健康和急救准备倡导者来说,这是一个激发公众开始行动的机会,因为公众并未抱有这样的观念: 为恐怖袭击、风暴、流感或其他诸如大停电、暴风雪等普遍性的灾害做好准备。

(3) 在过去的一个星期里,卫生官员甚至连总统都敦促父母们,至少组织起来,考虑一下如果孩子的学校因为流感被停课后他们要做些什么。

(4) 如果可能的话,储备一些额外的你所需的处方药、基本的医疗和急救用品,这些东西在流感肆虐期间基本都会缺货,比如非处方退烧药,补水剂和塑料(一次性)手套。

(5) 加勒特说: 最要不得的是惊慌失措。毕竟,专家们已经指导人们如何应对各种灾难有很多年了。所幸的是,对这类特殊的,可能会发生的灾难,我们已经接收到了有力而且及时的警报。

Text B Internet Addiction Guide

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1) compulsive(2) via(3) immerse ourselves in(4) methodology

(5) cognitive(6) engage in(7) namely(8) illustrate

(9) comprise...of(10) contribute to

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1) the weakest type of research methodology; with no clear hypothesis or rationale backing them

(2) label everything they see as potentially harmful; more harm than it helps people

(3) not want to deal with other problems in their lives

(4) red flag; frame the issue in an emotional light; out of the picture

relationship problems

(6) pathological gambling, a single,

(7) no theory; the Internet

(8) whether you’re a college student, whether it’s a part of your job, whether you have any

(9) social inter actions; socialization is what makes the Internet so “addicting”

(10) psychologist; a specialist or an online support group

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

(1) F(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) T(6) F(7) T(8) T(9) F(10) F

Unit 7

Space Travel

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) the result of population pressures or environmental changes; curiosity

(2) the considerations of national security

(3) bone and muscle physioloy and the cardiovascular system

(4) the cuts in funding by NASA; the loss of the Columbia space shuttle in February 2003

(5) to use unmanned spacecraft to investigate the planets’ surface and land; to provide large

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) habitat(2) interplanetary(3) eclipsed(4) cosmic(5) countermeasure

(6) simulate(7) cardiovascular(8) efficacy(9) harbour(10) sterilize

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) A(2) C(3) B(4) A(5) B(6) C(7) D(8) A(9) D(10) A

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) weakens(2) more(3) minimize(4) women(5) lasted

(6) measured(7) between(8) following(9) never(10) comparing

(11) determine(12) found(13) after(14) in(15) faster

(16) burden(17) on(18)as(19) than(20) astronauts

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) China’s forestry construction still faces serious problems such as the shortage, low quality and uneven distribution of forest resources and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment.

(2) After a period of international tension, the two countries are now trying to normalize relations

with each other.

(3) A computer can assess in seconds all the combinations of about 10 to 15 moves ahead, but a top champion chess player, given time, may be able to intuitively envisage up to 20 moves or more.

(4) Native trees are low maintenance; they have developed natural against insects and disease over the centuries, and they rarely need pruning or feeding.

(5) New England is bordered on the south and east by the Atlantic Ocean, which ought—one would suppose—to exert the modifying effect on climate.

(6) It is generally recognised that in a rapidly changing world, the role of the school is not only to impart knowledge. What is more important is to develop in our young people an inquisitive mind, communication skills, the quest for knowledge and the skills for mastering new information and learning how to learn.

(7) His love had brought her many beautiful dreams, but now it was casting her into a dark abyss.

(8) We will raise the environmental awareness of the whole society and encourage the public to consciously opt for green consumption and join in activities aimed at improving the ecological environment, in an effort to drastically improve the environmental quality of the capital and build it into an ecological city.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

During weightlessness, the forces within the body undergo dramatic change. Because the spine is no longer compressed, people grow taller (two inches or so). The lungs, heart, and other organs within the chest have no weight, and as a result, the rib cage and chest relax and expand. Similarly, the weight of the liver, kidneys, stomach, and bowels disappears. meanwhile muscles and bones come to be used in different ways. Our muscles are designed to support us when standing or sitting upright and to move body parts. But in space, muscles used for support on the ground are no longer needed for that purpose; moreover, the muscles used for movement around a capsule differ from those used for walking on the earth. Consequently, some muscles rapidly weaken.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

探索是进化中的一个重要生存战略。不断扩张的物种的迁徙依赖于对它们近处或远处环境的探索来寻求新的食物来源或安全的居住地。探索也可能由种群数量的压力或环境的改变造成。人类给探索还添加了另外一个理由,即好奇心。这种对未知事物探索的精神需求带领着伟大的欧洲探险者们在十五到十七世纪登上了美洲、澳大利亚和南极。对自然的好奇心同样也是人类探索极地冰冠、攀越险峰和潜入海底深处的驱动力。现在,二十一世纪的最终探索前沿就是太空。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 研究显示,宇航员在太空期间每月以1%的速率从尾椎骨、髋骨和大腿骨失去钙质。一些部位,如脚后跟比其他部位损失钙要快。

(2) 科学家知道造成骨质疏松症的因素很多,但他们尚未弄清这些因素是如何起作用,又是如何相互作用的,因而很难研制出一种合适的治疗方案。

(3) 睡觉前,透过太空船窗户向外看一眼(考虑到窗外的特殊景致,这种举动一般难以抑制)会

使足够多的亮光进入眼睛,引起大脑的错误反应,从而导致睡眠质量的下降。

(4) 对于长时间的太空飞行,宇航员必须要面对这样的情况: 长期禁闭在密封舱里、不能逃逸、不能享受地球上的正常生活、和小组里来自不同文化的同事一道生活。

(5) 宇航员在低地轨道待一年所受到的辐射剂量是在地面上受到平均辐射剂量的十倍。

Text B In Memoriam: The Mars Lander’s Legacy

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1) memoriam(2) legacy(3) confirmation(4) dwindling(5) plummet

(6) scrape(7) excavate(8) panorama(9) gravitational(10) demise

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1) phoenix’s confirmation of water ice; the characterization of the Martian dirt

(2) digging up samples of Martian dirt and subsurface water ice and analyzing them

(4) the poor weather at its landing site

(5) the confirmation of water ice under the surface of the Martian arctic

(6) volcanic activity; there is liquid water around

(7) it can act as a potential energy source for microbe

(9) to examine the upper and middle atmosphere to understand how materials escape from the planet’s gravitational pull

(10) they would get stuc k in openings and to the robotic arm’s scoop

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

(1) F(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) T(6) T(7) F(8) F(9) T(10) F

Unit 11

Literature and Arts

1. Reading Comprehension

a. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.

(1) B(2) B(3) C(4) A(5) A

b. Fill in the blanks with the information you’ve learned in the text.

(1) Anna is separated into two selves because the real life brings a lot of confusion to Anna, which makes her get into a scrape of split personality

(2) her spiritual status can be shown. Anna was getting rid of the state of split personality

and the reflection on freedom

(4) Anna’s ultimate spiritual unity

(5) Anna gradually gets rid of her writing block and gets out from the feeling of depression and despair. She begins to perceive the world with an optimistic view

2. V ocabulary

a. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.

(1) stank(2) disinterested(3) admonishing(4) suffocated(5) menaced

(6) glossy(7) clamouring(8) lash(9) fetid(10) delude

b. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.

(1) B(2) C(3) D(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) B(8) D(9) B(10) D

3. Cloze

Choose an appropriate word from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each word can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.

(1) pleasure(2) however(3) purpose(4) disturbed(5) counteract

(6) healing(7) being(8) which(9) absorbs(10) ceremony

(11) disposed(12) handed(13) easily(14) ground(15) amount

(16) patience(17) power(18) reproduction(19) craft(20) preserve

4. Translation

a. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) After working for that company for ten years, I have made up my mind to quit because I do not want to be sunk in a rut. I want to move on.

(2) This little stand is on wheels, so you can whirl it round and choose the cup you want.

(3) When my dad answered, I immediately launched into my litany of frustration with college life.

(4) Many people were lying stretched out in a warm sunlight on a beautiful beach, which turned out to be one of the most famous places of interest in Hainan—Yalongwan Beach. Hainan Island has become the top tourism destination of visitors home and abroad in recent years.

(5) Violence had become a common occurrence in her family. Her husband’s tyrannous and abusive behavior dro ve her to the edge of breakdown. Finally, with the help of Women’s Federation, she divorced him.

(6) Former British prime minister Tony Blair’s memoirs A Journey issued just a few hours has

a considerable purchasing force.

(7) Few people don’t complain about the tedium of their jobs, but they will feel more bored if they do not work. Actually, work is the most important part in our life.

(8) Dreams play very significant roles in the process of the heroin’s spiritual breakdown and unity.

Her dreams can be clas

which her spiritual status can be shown, for dreams symbolize Anna’s spiritual status.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

The man then push the boulder, although it will be no end pushing the boulder onto the top of the mountain, but they simply go on pushing the boulder up. Where is the value of life? Perhaps it lies in the unremitting efforts. Although the likelihood of success is slim, but the effort itself is of great value. If everyone gives up this effort, the circular stone will roll downhill, crushing all the people, crushed. In this sense, the bou

the mountain, or even their boulder may retreat, but still they are not losers. They don’t have to feel discouraged, don’t, because the world is what it is, so you should not demand it to ADAPT to you, but you should adjust yourselves to it. You should reach a compromise with the imperfect, confused world, and come to terms with it.

b. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

随后这个梦，或这场睡眠，变得轻飘飘的，差不多醒了，然而又未醒。我对自己说：我一定得写一部关于安娜、索尔和那只老虎的剧本。我心中与这剧本有关的部分继续构思着，酝酿着，就像个孩子在地板上到处搬运砖块——而这个孩子是受到禁止，不准这样玩的，因为她知道这是一种遁词，创造安娜、索尔和老虎的典型是一种借以逃避思考的借口。安娜和索尔会干些什么说些什么，其模式将呈现种种痛苦，剧本的“故事”将由痛苦定型，而这便是一种遁词。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

(1) 她是一个情感生活相当混乱的中年妇女，靠她基于她在非洲经历创作的畅销书为生。怀孕后,她嫁给了她并不爱的曼科斯·沃尔夫。他们结婚不到一年。

(2) 金色笔记是多丽斯·莱辛曾经尝试写过的最长的和最具雄心的作品。这是一部讨论关于方式、抱负、焦虑和我们所处时代特定问题的杰作。

(3) 金色笔记用时七年,读者能理出时间顺序的线性模式,也能从虚构的故事人物如埃拉身上看出安娜的生活方式,以及早前她在非洲时的生活。

(4) 出于对“混乱, 虚渺,崩溃的恐惧,”她决定写四本笔记, 每一本为她生活的一部分。虽然由称为自由女性的传统小说构成, 但各部分又相互关联,这正是这部小说的特点。

(5) 在第二次世界大战期及其后发生的事件令人深思——特别是艺术家,追问生命的意义,这被认定为后现代主义。在这样的艺术作品中,读者期望不仅发现新的主题而且通过实验的形式来表达这些主题。

Text B Young Goodman Brown

→I. Background Information

1. Nathaniel Hawthorne has been established as a major writer of the nineteenth century and the most prominent chronicler of New England and its colonial history. There are numerous studies from various perspectives about his works ever since he established his reputation in American

Literature. His masterpieces are as follows, The Scarlet Letter(1850), The House of Seven Gables(1851), The Blithedale Romance(1852), “The Birthmark” drives home symbolically Hawthorne’s point that evil is man’s birthmark, something he is born with. Hawthorne is also a great allegorist to explore the hidden motivations of his characters and almost every story can be read allegorically, as is the case in “Young Goodman Brown”.

In 1853, Hawthorne, who had written a campaign biography for Franklin Pierce, President,.was appointed as consul in Liverpool, England, writing THE MARBLE FAUN (1860), a story about the conflict between innocence and guilt. It was his last completed novel.

2. “Young Goodman Brown” is one of Hawthorne’s most profound tales. Goodman Brown, a Puritan who lives in the village of Salem, leaves his wife Faith who pleads him not to go, to attend a witches’ Sabbath in the woods. A satanic figure leads the credulous protagonist to a witches’ Sabbath. There, he astonishingly finds lots of prominent people of the village and the church. When he is about to be confirmed into the group, he finds his wife Faith is also there beside him. He immediately cries out“ look up to Heaven and resist the wicked one,” only to find he is alone in the forest. He returns to his home, but since then lives a dismal and gloomy life because he is never able to believe in goodness or piety again.

The story illustrates Hawthorne’s allegorical theme of human evil. In the manner of its concern with guilt and evil, it exemplifies what Milville called the “power of blackness” in Hawthorne’s work. In “Young Goodman Brown”, he sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. “Evil is the nature of mankind.” Its hero, a naive young man who accepts both society in general and his fellow men as individuals worth his regard, is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and becomes thereafter distrustful and doubtful.

→II. Key to the Exercises

a. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.

(1) errand(2) consorted with(3) agony(4) espied(5) similitude

(6) conceive of(7) cling to(8) evil(9) mingle(10) Affirm

b. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.

(1) his allegorical theme of human evil

(2) journeyed into the forest

(3) present evil purpose

(4) continued on

(5) look to heaven and resist

(6) his wife’s voice

(7) around him like a bewildered man

(8) ceremony; come forth

(9) no hopeful verse upon his tombstone

(10) stern, sad, darkly meditative and distrustful man

c. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.

(1) T(2) T(3) F(4) T(5) F(6) T(7) T(8) T(9) F(10) F

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

综合英语教程2_课后翻译练习答案

综合英语教程2课后翻译答案汇总 Book Two Unit 1 Someone Waiting 1. I don’t like to see people off at the railway station. 2. The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven. 3. She was so excited that she couldn’t help giving me a warm embrace. 4. I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place. 5. She glanced round the room to see who was there. 6. His big shoes look like small boats. 7. You should fold the eggs into flour instead of doing it in the opposite way. Unit 2 Football 1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more than a business deal. 2. He used up all the money he had. 3. The young man saved your daughter from drowning. 4. She had absolutely nowhere to go, so she read some old books at

新标准大学英语综合教程2课文翻译U2R2

How empathy unfolds 同感是怎样表露的 1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him. Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggest that the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying – a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy. 霍普才九个月大，一见到另一个婴儿摔倒，泪水就涌了出来。她爬到妈妈身边寻求安慰，就好像是她自己摔疼了。15个月大的迈克尔把自己的玩具熊拿来给正在大哭的朋友保罗；保罗不停地大哭的时候，迈克尔替保罗捡回他的安乐毯。这些小小的表示同情和关爱的举动都是接受过记录同感行为训练的母亲们观察到的。这项研究的结果表明，同感的根源可以追溯到人的婴儿期。实际上，从出生的那天起，婴儿在听到其他婴儿哭闹的时候就会感到不安——有些人认为这种反应是同感的最初先兆。 2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a oneyear-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears. 成长心理学家发现，甚至在充分意识到自己是独立于其他人而存在之前，婴儿就感受到了同情的苦恼。甚至在出生后几个月，婴儿就会对周围人的烦躁不安做出反应，就好像他们自己的烦躁不安一样，看到别的孩子哭也跟着哭。到了一岁左右，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们的，而是别人的，可是他们对这样的事情似乎还是感到不知所措。例如，在纽约大学的马丁·L.霍夫曼所做的一项研究中，一个一岁的孩子把自己的妈妈拉过来安慰哭闹的朋友，却忽视了同在一室的朋友的妈妈。这样的困惑在其他一岁大的孩子身上也能看到，他们模仿别的孩子的痛苦，也许是为了更好地理解他们的感受。例如，如果别的婴儿伤了手指，一个一岁大的孩子就会把自己的手指放进嘴里，看看自己是否也感觉到痛。看到自己的妈妈哭，婴儿即使没有眼泪，也会擦拭自己的眼睛。 3 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can

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