海天教育2016考研英语寒假作业

海天教育2016考研英语寒假作业

制作及主讲教师：赵南望

（寒假作业在线答疑：在新浪微博搜索“赵南望”）

第一部分考研词汇例句：本部分要求大家熟读例句的中英文，不需要背诵，但要保证在不看中文的情况下了解句子全部信息，包括所有词汇和语法知识，一个词汇列举多个句子是因为该词要考多个含义。严格按日期一天完成5句。此部分内容会在下学期开设免费讲解课程。其中包含了大部分考研大纲词汇和所有语法。

第二部分阅读外刊原版文章：3-5天精读一篇。这些文章包含高级阅读技能训练，也是下学期海天小班课学员的授课精讲内容一部分。

第一部分考研词汇例句

1. Society is a great class providing us with measureless information. While handling the information, we learn to distinguish between right or wrong and discriminate between beauty and ugliness.

社会这一大课堂，为我们提供了无尽的信息，在阅读信息的过程中，我们的学生学会了辨别是非，学会了区分美丑。

2. No matter what you do or where you live, the quality of your attitude determines the quality of

your relationships—not to mention just about everything else in your life.

不论你的职业是什么，也不论你居住在哪，你的主观态度决定了你的人际关系的好坏------更不用提你生命中的其它的事了。

3. The stereotype of German humourlessness is believed to derive from their reputation for efficiency, punctuality and rationality, presumed to be at the expense of humour.

对于德国人缺乏幽默感的成见,来自他们在效率、守时和理性上的名声，这些被认为是以失去幽默感为代价的。

4. Dispense with the doctor by being temperate; the lawyer by keeping out of debt; the demagogue, by voting for honest men; and poverty, by being industrious.

节制饮食可以摒弃医生；不借债可以远离律师；投票给诚实的人可以摆脱蛊惑民心的政客；勤劳可以脱离贫穷。

5. We’d all like to be stronger. Whether that strength be physical, emotional or intellectual, most of us have an area in which we’d like to improve and have others admire.

我们都想要变强大，无论这种强大是在身体上、情感上还是在智力上，而且，我们中的绝大多数人都想要自我完善，赢得别人的钦佩。

6. How can I call myself an intellectual if I can't write and publish words as I wish?

如果我不能按自己的意愿写作和发表文字，我如何称自己为一个知识分子？

7. New research continues to emphasize the importance of mind wandering for learning.

新的研究还在不断强调思维游离对于学习的重要性。

8. We must constantly adjust the amount of money in circulation.

我们必须对货币的流通不断进行调节。

9. She has come up with a charity for her company to sponsor in Africa, and suddenly claimed that the meaning was back in her job.

她向公司提出在非洲发起一项慈善活动，并且突然声称自己的工作又有意义了。

10. This proves that, with commitment and determination, all obstacles can be overcome.

这证明，有了承诺和决心，就能克服所有的障碍。

11. They were lonely and sad people, all three of them, and they would not make one another less sad, but they could, with great care, make a world that would accommodate their loneliness.

他们三人都是那么孤独而忧伤，他们在一起也许不能够互相怃平伤痛，但是也许，只要用心，他们会创造出一个能够容纳他们孤独人生的世界。

12. The building can accommodate all of the offshore workers and protect them from hurricane damage.

这个建筑能容纳所有的海上工人并且保护他们不受飓风的伤害。

13. When food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time.

当普通人不再担心食物时，人们开始把更多的兴趣集中到漂亮的外貌和快乐的休闲时间。

14. Some experts have suggested offering a course on food and nutrition in schools to inject health consciousness into children.

一些专家建议学校通过提供一些关于食物和营养的课程来提高孩子的健康意识。

15. Many countries benefit from ongoing advice and assistance from international observers.

许多国家从国际观察员源源不断的建议和帮助中获益匪浅。

16. The program is aimed at changing the attitudes towards disabled students; to treat them with tolerance, respect and acceptance.

这个方案旨在改变人们对待残疾学生的态度，能去宽容他们、尊重他们、认可他们。

17. You must respect the rights of minorities and participate with a spirit of tolerance and compromise.

你必须尊重少数群体的权利，并怀着宽容与妥协的精神参与其中.

18. In every great faith and tradition one can find the values of tolerance and mutual understanding.

在每一伟大信仰和传统中，人们都可以找到容忍和相互谅解的价值观念。

19. Food and petrol are frequent purchases and their prices tend to be less "sticky" than those for more durable goods.

食品和汽油是大家频繁购买的物品，所以他们的价格比起那些耐久品来说相对不稳定。

20. The ultimate source of these rollercoaster movements was the Asian savings surplus.

导致这类剧烈波动的最根本原因是亚洲的储蓄过剩。

21. There is definitely a combination of art and science that I never appreciated until having to do it.

要不是我现在必须做这个，我不会意识到这项工作绝对是艺术与科学的结合。

22. With study and practice, almost anyone can do it with some level of proficiency, but most people don't learn how to think critically or analytically—nor are they even aware of its value.

通过学习和实践，几乎任何人都能以不同的熟练程度来掌握它，但是大多数人都不会去学习如何进行批判性或分析性思维，或者说，他们根本意识不到其价值。

23. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer.

绝大多数的训练是技巧性的。音乐家们控制肌肉的熟练程度，必须达到与运动员或巴蕾舞演员相当的水平。

24. Noticing a lot of children misbehaving, she says: "while it was obvious within five minutes that she was not going to be teaching at my school, I stayed for the full class period, both to be polite and also because I was fascinated with what I was seeing."

看到课堂上很多孩子不守纪律，她说：“五分钟内就可以判定她不适合到我的学校教书，但我还是听完了整堂课，一方面是出于礼貌，另一方面是因为我对所看到的一切很感兴趣。”

25. I always was fascinated with china, because I was born in europe, and for us, china had this fascination and mystery.

我一直为中国所着迷，因为我出生在欧洲，对欧洲人来说，中国有这种魅力和神秘感。

26. I became very fascinated with the relationship between sound and picture and the emotional effect it can have.

我对声音与画面之间的关系和它们所能产生的情感效果变得十分着迷。

27. Including moderate portions of lean beef in your diet is beneficial in enhancing your memory because of its iron content.

在你的日常饮食中添加适量的瘦牛肉有利于增强你的记忆，这主要因为其中的铁含量。

28. Some scientists and campaigners in Paris hailed the results, if not as a triumph, then as a beacon of hope.

在巴黎，一些科学家和活动家为实验的结果欢呼。他们觉得，如果这不是一个胜利，也可作为一个希望的灯塔。

29. We wanted a warmer and more humane society, where people care for their fellow human beings, care for the less fortunate among us and take responsibility for each other and for future generations.

我们想要更温馨和人道的社会，人们关心其他的人，关心我们中间较不幸运的人，并对每个人和未来几代人负责。

30. He arranged the takeout of his own stock in the company, which flattened the interest of uninformed minority shareholders.

他撤出了自己在公司的股份，极大的损害了不知情的少数股东的利益。

31. Grey-haired farmers in battered waxed jackets complain about the government, the European Union and the weather.

满头灰发的农民们，衣衫褴褛，神情黯淡地埋怨着英国政府、欧盟还有倒霉的天气。

32. Fans complain bitterly about the rising price of live music. Yet they keep paying for concerts. 粉丝们对演唱会门票的价格上涨大发牢骚，然而他们仍旧继续花钱去看。

33. They have warned the world to expect more frequent and intense extreme weather events, and this is what we are seeing.

他们曾警告，世界上将出现更频繁和强烈的极端天气事件，而这正是我们现在所看到的。

34. No need to justify your shortcomings or wrong actions, simply own up to your mistakes and recognize that you need help in changing them.

没有必要为了你的缺点或错误的行为进行辩护，爽快地承认自己的错误并承认你需要帮助以改变它们。

35. My firing was based not on performance but discrimination.

我被开除不是基于工作表现而是由于歧视。

36. Because local officials' careers often depend on how well the economy in their jurisdiction is performing, there is an incentive for them to report positive figures.

因为当地政府官员的职业生命常常依赖于其任期内经济情况如何，这也是他们报道正面数字的一个激励。

37. The Iraqi people, he insists, will persist and overcome these attacks, and raise their voice to show and proclaim that they will not be silenced by terrorism.

他坚称，伊拉克人民将坚持战斗，且会战胜这些袭击，并将奋起呐喊，展示并宣告他们不会因为受到恐怖主义的威胁而保持沉默。

38. Compared with the long-standing friendship between the two countries, their boundary dispute is only an issue of a temporary and limited nature.

两国之间的边界争论，比起两国的悠久友谊来说，是一个暂时性和局部性的问题。

【考研重点词汇】boundary，dispute，temporary，nature（性质、属性）【翻译细节】加字法，将nature翻译为“某种性质的问题”；【优秀句型】Compared with......分词短语做比较状语。

39. While the contents of the documents may not have been surprising, the quantity of the disclosure was unprecedented —a huge and instantaneous release made possible in the age of the Internet.尽管此次批露的文件内容可能并不出人意料，但批露的数量却是史无前例的------在互联网时代使得这种大规模的瞬间（信息）释放成为可能。

【考研重点词汇】content，document（可做动词表示“如实记录”），the quantity of，disclosure （n.揭发、披露），unprecedented（adj.空前的、史无前例的），instantaneous（adj.瞬间的、即时的）；【经典句型】while……，……（以逗号为分界线前后表示让步转折关系）

40. The mystery of what happens in our brains when we remember something is fascinating not only from a scientific perspective but also because the experience of recall can be so, well, memorable.

当我们想起什么的时候，我们的大脑里发生了什么？记忆的秘密不光从科学的角度来讲是吸引人的，同样也因为回忆——这种经历是迷人的——很值得纪念。

41. The west side of every wood and rising ground gleamed like a boundary of Elysium, the sun on our backs seemed like a gentle herdsman driving us home at evening.

每处林木的西边和凸起的地面流光溢彩，宛如乐园的边际，夕阳在背，好似和蔼的牧人晚间赶车送我们回家。

42. The best reading is that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events.

最好的读物是那种能够带我们到这种沉思的心境里去的读物，而不是那种仅用来报告事情始末的读物。

43. This sight promotes the sort of contemplative state that suits a visit to the Art Museum.

这景象促使我进入一种适合沉思的状态，使我能够更好的参观艺术博物馆。

44. She's known for her philanthropic work in the community.

她因替社区做慈善工作而出了名。

45. Like other nations, the United States uses tax revenues to maintain a government, to furnish common services and to implement social policy and economic objectives.

同其他国家一样，美国依靠税收来维持政府的运作，提供公共服务，实施社会政策和实现经济目标。

46. We shall be pleased if you will furnish us with your quotation for this product.

如果贵方能向我方提供该产品报盘的话，我方会很高兴的。

47. The answer is that those troublesome traits don't really characterize adolescence; they're just what we notice most because they annoy us or put our children in danger.

那些令人烦恼的个性并不全部是青春期的特征，之所以我们更加注意，是因为这些行为让我们很恼火，或把我们的孩子处于危险之中。

48. Mistakes can be enormously valuable, but when you look to others to pay for your mistakes, then you deprive yourself of the opportunity to learn from them.

错误可能具有巨大的价值,但是如果你想让别人来为你的错误付出代价,那你就丧失了从错误中学习的机会。

49. Since limits on minimum fish size and total catch vary from region to region, according to the health of the local piscine population, fishing boats often lie about the location of their catches.

由于鱼的大小限制以及不同地区与地区之间的捕捞量限制是根据当地鱼群的健康标准的不同而制定的，渔船经常谎报捕获位置。

50. Don't be surprised if answers from upper program management teams vary from those of practitioners at lower layers.

如果来自项目管理团队高层和底层从业者的答案不同，不要感到惊讶。

58. For the most part, these same forces have been a boon, so far, to Americans who have a good education and exceptional creative talents or analytic skills.

而对于那些受到良好教育，具有特殊的创新能力或分析技能的人们来说，同样的情况在很大程度上是一种恩惠。

59. They help airlines and other big oil consumers to hedge against rising prices, and so to reduce risk—a massive boon amid the economic turmoil.

他们帮助航空公司和其他大的石油消费者规避价格上涨从而减少在经济风暴中大规模利益下的风险。

60. As long as you can see a spark of miracle in that person, this person can be your biggest inspiration and your teacher. (n.)

只要你能在他们身上看到奇迹的火花，那么这个人可能就是你最大的灵感并且会成为你的老师。

61. All this will even out over time, but in the meanwhile this is going to spark some tension and some disagreement. (v.)

所有这一切不平等都会随时间而消失，但与此同时，这无疑会引发一些紧张局势和一些不同意见。

62. By the way they listen to you or speak with you, a spark of the true you suddenly enters your awareness and you feel joyful and inspired after having been with them. (n.)

通过他们对你的倾听或者讲述，一点真我的灵性闪光突然进入了你的意识并且在与他们相处之后你感觉到了喜悦和充满了灵感。

63. Advertisements attempt to project a latent meaning behind an overt message.

广告试图传达一种隐藏在公开信息里的潜在意义。

64. They are selfless and would not do something for financial or material gain if they knew that it would have a negative effect on your life.

他们是无私的，如果他们知道一些事可能对你有负面的影响，那么即使有金钱和物质的诱惑，他们也不会做那些事。

65. This Utopian dream is far beyond the range of possibility.

这种乌托邦式的梦想根本不可能实现。

66. America must wake up and recognise the mutual advantages of collaboration, and understand where it must compete.

美国必须清醒起来，认识到合作的共同好处，明白自己应该在何处展开竞争。

67. I noticed that sometimes we forget about our individuality and try to blend in with our surroundings.

我注意到我们有时候也会忘了自己的个性，努力想要融入周围的世界。

68. She expresses her individuality through her clothes.

她通过着装表达自己的个性。

69. Try to avoid being subjective and one-sided when looking at problems.

看问题要避免主观片面。

70. You should not rest your argument upon subjective and groundless conclusions.

你不能以主观臆断作为你的论据。

71. As a young person grows up, he has an ample opportunity to acquaint himself with the way of life in his community.

当一个年轻人成长时，他有充分的机会去熟悉所在社会的生活方式。

72. To acquaint with this background helps to have a deeper understanding of the essence of America’s foreign policy and its future trends.

了解这种背景有助于深化我们对美国有关外交政策的实质及其发展趋势的认识。

73. An enduring feature of human nature is if there’s something of interest near us, we generally look at it.

人类天性中一个持久的特征就是如果附近有什么有趣的东西，我们大多会看它。

74. He had to spell out the plan in detail to persuade the investors.

为了说服投资人,他不得不把整个计划细细说明清楚。

75.Any given culture is a reflection of the politics and economics of a given society.

一定的文化是一定社会的政治和经济的反映。

76.Some scientists have tried to prove that homosexuality is natural, others that it’s a genetic deformity.

一些科学家们努力证实同性恋纯属自然现象，而另外一些人则认为那是基因上的畸形。

77. The important thing is to take an unbiased approach, and consider the facts and figures in your evaluation, rather than going on personal preference.

最重要的一点是，必须采用一种公正的方法，评估时只用事实和数字说话，不要带有个人的喜好。

78. I can always sense peace and harmony from those landscape paintings.

从那些山水画中我总能找到平静与和谐的感觉。

79.His action speaks well for his good quality.

他的举止表明他具有良好的品质。

80. In no case can we cheapen the quality of products.

在任何情况下我们都不能降低产品质量。

81.We like to see the show go out on top rather than continue without some of our favorite characters.

我们宁愿看到这部剧在最辉煌的时刻结束而不是在我们最喜爱的角色离开后继续苟延残喘。

82. He is a potent ruler.他是一个强有力的统治者。

83.A new potent antibiotic will shortly be available.

一种新的高效抗生素不久将在市面销售。

84. He produced his potent argument at the meeting.

他在会上提出了有说服力的论点。

85. The Shanghai stock market had surged by 35%, a potent sign that much of the money was being poured into shares rather than invested more directly.

上海股市已经飙升了35%，这个有力的信号表明这些钱很多都被投放到了股市，而不是进行更为直接的投资。

86. My family lives a comfortable but not especially extravagant life, and while there are certainly some material things we‘d yet like to acquire, we’re well set with the basics and more.

我的家庭生活很舒适，但并不算特别奢侈。虽然还有些物质上的东西是我们想得到的，但我们已经拥有生活中所有的必需品，甚至还有些不那么必须的。

87.They will react with hostility to the price rises and calls for equivalent wage increases are bound to be heard.

他们将会强烈反对价格上涨，同时肯定会要求相应地增加工资。

88. Even the cheapest car costs the equivalent of 30 years’ salary for a worker.

即使是最便宜的汽车，价格也相当于一个工人30年的薪水。

89. Without correct leadership, the enthusiasm of the masses cannot be sustained.

没有正确的领导，群众的积极性就不可能持久。

90. Who can deny his stature as the world’s greatest cellist?

谁能否认他是世界上最伟大的大提琴演奏家？

91. China needs to assimilate a good deal of foreign progressive culture, but she must not swallow anything and everything uncritically.

中国需要大量吸收外国的进步文化，但决不能无批判地兼收并蓄。

92. He was asked the same question so many times that the answer became mechanical.

同样的问题人们向他问得太多了，所以他的答案也是千篇一律。

93. Blinking is a mechanical action of the eyelids.

眨眼是眼皮的无意识动作。

94. Don’t be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice, heart and intuition.

（你的时间是有限的，）不要浪费在别人身上，不要被教条主义束缚，也就是不要活在别人的思想下，不要让别人的意见影响你自己内心的声音，心灵，和直觉。

95. He stood without moving a muscle, unable to believe what his eyes saw so plainly.

他一动也不动地站着，不敢相信自己的眼睛。

96. While these people are hard to find, they are worth their weight in gold once you find them.

虽然这些人很难发现，但是一旦你发现他们，他们拥有金子般重量的财富价值。

97. He gave her hardness that allows her to keep going when everyone else gives up, and take care of her family through sickness and fatigue without complains.

他赋予她耐心使她能在别人选择放弃的时候继续坚持着，并且无怨无悔的照顾自己的家人度过疾病与疲劳。

98. I could never bring myself to associate with such a man.

我从来不敢与这样的人交往。

99. Doing this not only fulfills a sacred obligation to our children and grandchildren, but also provides an opportunity to stimulate economic growth.

这样做不仅是履行我们对子孙后代的一项神圣义务，而且提供了一个刺激经济增长的机会。

100.It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows.

科学家要做的事就是积累有关宇宙和宇宙中的一切事物的知识, 而且要是可能的话, 找出那些既能构成科学家所知事实的基础, 又能解释这些事实的共同因素。

101. Many people when they fall in love look for a little haven of refuge from the world, where they can be sure of being admired when they are not admirable, and praised when they are not praiseworthy.

很多人陷入爱情是为了寻找一个遁世的避难所。在这个避难所里，当他们不值得爱慕的时候，依然有人爱慕他们，当他们不值得赞扬的时候，依然有人赞扬他们。

102. These companies represent the essence of the American spirit ——the promise that anyone can succeed in this country if you have a good idea and the determination to see it through.

这些公司代表了美国精神的精髓——那就是希望，在这个国家里的任何一个人，只要你有好的想法，你有决心坚持到底，你就能成功。

103. You can start now to tune in to your own physical, social and spiritual needs.

你可以现在开始了解你自己身体、社交和精神方面的需要了。

104. We do try to learn from our mistakes ——that is a big component of our annual strategy and programme review process.

我们的确试图从错误中吸取教训——这也是我们年度战略和规划审查流程中一个重要的组成部分。

105. Washing up or changing clothing before a meal has been a ritual in cultures around the world for centuries, as is saying a prayer or blessing.

在全世界多个世纪以来，进餐前洗手洗脸或者换衣服已经是已经是一种文化仪式了，也被说是一种祈祷或祝福。

106. Winter is setting in and the population is facing food and fuel shortages.

冬天来了，人们正面临着食物和燃料的短缺。

107. Television has displaced film as our country’s most popular form of entertainment.

电视已取代了电影，成为我国最大众化的娱乐形式。

108. When we have free gaps of time, the lure of the Internet, television, the refrigerator, or text messaging seem to fill this time before we even contemplate what we are doing.

在认真思考自己正在做些什么之前，我们总是难以抗拒上网、看电视、喝冷饮或收发短信的诱惑，空余时间似乎已被这些东西塞得满满的。

109. His speech could not retain the interest of his audience.

他的讲话不能保持住听众的兴趣。

110. Downloads are set to expire 24 hours after being viewed and are not available to the public.

下载会在观看24小时后失效，而且不能对外发。

111. They must retrench their expenditure for the purpose of making up the deficit.

为了弥补赤字，他们必须压缩开支。

112. They tried their best to run away from controversial issues.

他们尽力避开有争议的问题。

113. In this age of instantaneous global communication, when criminal activity knows no bounds, our enforcement work must extend beyond our own borders.

在这个全球即时通讯的时代，犯罪活动无国界，我们的执法工作必须超越我们自己的国界。

114. She stretched money to keep within a budget.

为了不超出预算，她精打细算地花钱。

115.She had an unshakable faith in human goodness and natural honesty.

她对人性的善良和天性的诚实有着不可动摇的信心。

116.I would rather pay for a meal than watch nine friends pick over and split a bill.

我宁愿付整顿饭钱而不愿看着9个朋友仔细算计、分摊账单。

117. Youngsters decamp as soon as they can to work in towns near and far, leaving their ageing parents to till the soil.

只要年青人能在或远或近的城镇工作，他们就会离开，致使其年老的父母耕种土地。

118. Some groups of consumers are slow to pick up trends in the use of information technology.

有些顾客群对信息技术应用方面的潮流反应迟钝。

119. They’ve picked up a really nasty infection from something they’ve eaten.

他们因食用某物而染上非常严重的传染病。

120. Thousands are desperately trying to leave their battered homes and villages.

成千上万的人们正不顾一切地试图逃离他们满目疮痍的家园和村庄。

121. Each subject can be completed in about 15 minutes and is available at no charge to anyone with an Internet connection anywhere in the world.

每一门课程大约只需要15分钟可以完成，在世界的任何一个只需要有互联网连接的地方旧可以获得，无需任何费用。

121. The result will inevitably fuel speculation about the prime minister's future.

该结果将不可避免地加剧人们对首相前途的猜测。

122.They have a remarkable ability to live through, delay or entirely escape a host of diseases that kill off most of their peers.

他们具有非凡的能力，能挺过、延缓或全然避免罹患那些夺走他们同龄人中大部分人性命的许多疾病。

123.There’s a really good chance that in your most prized experiences, you’re doing, not just thinking about doing.

这真是一个非常好的机会，在你最珍贵的经历里，你是正在做着某些事情，而不仅仅是想着要去做。

124.To be environmentally friendly, the couple chose to go on bikes instead of fancy automobiles to their wedding reception.

出于环保考虑，这对新人在前往婚宴时选用自行车来代替更为花哨的汽车。

125.He warned the public to be vigilant and report anything suspicious.

他告诫公众要保持警惕，报告任何可疑情况。

126.If you aren’t an avid reader, it may feel hard to get started, but as you keep reading, you’ll find it more and more fun, at least I did.

如果你不是一个狂热的读者，开始的时候可能会有些困难，但是只要你坚持下去，你会觉得越来越有意思。至少我的经验是这样的。

127.A growing number of customers have been inquiring about the pending price rises.

越来越多的顾客在询问即将出现的价格上涨问题。

128.The damage has not only been to the air the Chinese breath or the water in our rivers, but also to its reputation across the world.

受到损害不仅仅是中所国人呼吸的空气，或者是在我们河流中的河水，而且是中国在整个世界的名声。

129.One cannot do that if he or she is afraid to speak out and say unpopular things; nor can one weigh all of the options unless other people, with differing views, are free to express their beliefs. 一个人如果不敢讲话，不敢说不受人欢迎的事，那么他或她就不能履行自己的职责；而且，除非让持不同意见的人自由表达他们的观点，人们也无法对所有的可能性作出权衡。

130.Plants and trees filter carbon dioxide out of the air and produce oxygen.

植物和树木能滤除空气中的二氧化碳并制造出氧气。

131.On behalf of my Government I have the honour to make to you the following communications.

我荣幸地代表我国政府向您转达如下内容。

132.Some expressed reservations about the authenticity of the video, but the vast majority dismissed his analysis and claimed that the video was authentic.

一些人对视频真实性持保留的态度，但是大部分人是反对他的分析并声称视频是真的。

133.He was fully aware of the provenance of these treasures.

他对这些珍宝的出处全都了如指掌。

第二部分阅读外刊原版文章

注：所选文章均为近两年新颖话题及最新科技成就，考虑到考研内容的与时俱进且略微超前，特选若干此类文章供大家选择阅读。如果英语较为薄弱的同学，只需大概了解即可。学有余力的同学，可以作为精读训练。这些文章也是下学期海天小班课学员的授课内容的一部分。

选文主要内容如下：

Text 1 （家用机器人照顾儿童）

Text 2 （发现119号元素）

Text 3 （海盗谈判中的经济学）

Text 4 （网络匿名设计师）

Text 5 （如何面对年迈的宠物）

Text 6 （月球旅游产业）

Text 7 （股票与人类基因的关系）

Text 8 （与天气预测相关的金融衍生品）

Text 9 （比特币）

Text 10 （3D打印技术）

Text 1 （家用机器人照顾儿童）

Modern families摩登家庭

Chips off the old block机器人也能像监护人一样照顾孩子

Tracking children has never been easier.Nice for parents, not for privacy

对子女进行定位已经容易多了，这对父母来说是好事，但在隐私保护上却并非如此

(Jan 12th 2013 | fromthe print edition)

Paul Wallich usually walks his small son to the bus stop a stone’s thro w from their Vermont home. But he can use a robot too: a football-sized drone, hovering several metres off the ground,

follows a beacon stashed in the little boy’s school bag.A smartphone strapped to the device beams back video.

家住美国佛蒙特州的保罗·沃利克经常要把小儿子送到附近的汽车站去。但他也可以选择使用机器人：在小男孩的书包里放入一个信标台，足球大小的无人飞机会盘旋在距地面几米高的地方，一直跟着信号。无人飞机上绑有一个智能手机，会将视频发射回去。

Few parents areas handy as that, but even Luddites like the idea of keeping an electronic eye on the young. An early offering, in 2003, was Wherify, a tracking device which locks to a child’s wrist. Devices invented since then protect autistic children, who easily get lost, or into danger.Youngsters on Canadian farms wear radio tags on bracelets to signal their proximity to adults operating heavy machinery.

在便利性上，很少有家长能做到与这样的机器人相提并论，但即使是卢德派①也对使用电子仪器追踪孩子持支持态度。2003年，一个名叫Wherify的追踪装置面世，该装置是同类产品中较早的一个，可以佩戴在孩子的手腕上。自那以后，这样的装置就开始被用于保护患有孤独症的孩子，因为这样的孩子很容易走失或者遇到危险。生活在加拿大农场上的小孩会佩戴带有无线标签的手镯，这样操作重型机械的家长就能通过信号知道孩子离他们有多远。

Longer battery life and miniaturisation are making tracking cheaper and more practical. The easiest way is to use smartphones. Many mobile operators offer child-tracking at extra cost, but the number of free tracking applications is growing fast. Life360 rocketed from 1m registered users in 2010 to nearly 26m now. Berg Insight, a research firm, reckons that 70m Americans and Europeans will be tracking family members by 2016.

随着电池寿命的延长，追踪装置向微型化发展，追踪变得越来越廉价、实用。最简便的追踪方法就是使用智能手机。许多移动通信公司都提供追踪孩子的增值服务，但目前免费追踪应用程序的数量正在激增。Life360的注册用户已从2010年的100万激增至了目前的近2600万。一家名为Berg Insight的研究公司预计，到2016年，追踪家庭成员的美国人和欧洲人将达7000万。

These services and devices can provide children’s location, or send alerts about their behaviour: when they return home, or stray beyond an agreed boundary, or go out late. Speed detection reveals when somebody is in a vehicle—and whether it is breaking the speed limit.

家长能通过这些服务、设备得知孩子所处的位置或者接收到有关孩子行为的警报：什么时候回的家，是否越过了规定的活动范围、有没有深夜外出。速度监测能显示被追踪者是否在车辆上，以及这辆车是否超速。

No devices, so far, have full chaperone functions—such as revealing furtive movements in a stationary vehicle. But some providers do have ingenious extra features. The pocket-sized tracking beacons of Amber Alert GPS, a company based in Utah, carry a microphone to let parents eavesdrop. SecuraTrac, a Californian firm, has a product that disables a phone’s e-mail and text functions when it is moving: that stops boy-racers from typing while driving. Life 360’s maps

highlight the addresses of sex offenders.

到目前为止，还没有任何设备能完全替代监护人的功能，比如显示孩子是否在静止的车内有偷偷摸摸的举动。但一些供应商的确为人们提供了一些巧妙的额外功能。Amber Alert GPS是一家坐落于美国犹他州的公司，该公司生产的袖珍追踪信标台带有一个麦克风，家长能通过它实现窃听。总部位于加州的SecuraTrac公司生产的一款产品能在驾车时屏蔽电话的邮件和短信功能，这样就能防止年轻的赛车手在驾车时打字。而Life360则在地图上标出了性侵犯者的住址。

Parents in Japan and America are the keenest on such gizmos. Europeans, seemingly more relaxed about child safety and with more complex privacy laws, are less enamoured. Some European countries require minors’ consent for some kinds of surveillance. Child tracking appeals particularly to middle-class families in South American countries who worry about gang crime and kidnapping, says André Malm, ananalyst at Berg Insight.

对追踪装置最感兴趣的是日本和美国的家长，而欧洲人似乎在儿童的安全问题上没有这么紧张，再加上欧洲的隐私法较为复杂，因此他们并不是很喜欢这些玩意儿。在一些欧洲国家，要对未成年人进行一定程度的监视需要获得被监视人的同意。安德烈·马尔默是Berg Insight公司的分析师，他说，在南美一些国家，由于担心团伙犯罪和绑架，一些家庭尤其是中产阶级家庭对追踪儿童很感兴趣。

Public authorities are keen, too. Schools in Osaka began issuing radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to students in 2004. Sensors in school buildings read them to check pupils’ attendance and location (though not what they do off the premises). In Dubai the same technology notifies parents when their progeny get on or off school buses. In March last year 20,000 school children in the Brazilian city of Vitoria da Conquista had radio tags sewn into their uniforms to help detect truants.

一些公共机构对此也很感兴趣。在日本大阪，一些学校从2004年开始向学生分发无线射频识别标签。学校的教学楼安装了感应器，可以通过感应查看学生是否出勤以及他们所在的位置（但学生在教学楼外做什么事情是无法得知的）。迪拜也使用了同样的技术来通知家长他们的小孩的上下校车时间。去年3月，巴西维多利亚达孔基斯塔的一些学校在两万名学生的校服上缝上了无线标签，这样就能找出那些旷课的学生。

In August 2012 two schools in San Antonio, Texas, embedded RFID tags inidentity badges belonging to their 4,200 students. These help administrators to count students who turn up to class but miss the morning register. Because funding is linked to daily attendance, the system enables schools to claim more taxpayer cash. On January 8th a court lifted an earlier injunction halting the expulsion of a child who refused to wear the badge on religious grounds (some Christians liken the devices to the Mark of the Beast, foreseen in the Bible). The family intends to appeal.

2012年8月，美国德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥市的两所学校在4200位学生的校徽上嵌入了无线射频标签。有了这些标签，学校管理者就能知道有多少学生虽然没有旷课但早上的签到迟到了。由于用在这些标签上的资金与学生的出勤挂钩，因此学校就能通过该系统向纳税人多收一些钱。早前有一位学生因出于宗教理由而拒绝佩戴校徽（一些基督徒将追踪装置比作圣经中所预言的末日兽印），校方对这位学生做出了开除的处分，却被法院禁止。1月8日，法院撤销了禁令，这位学生的家长打算为此事上诉。

X marks the child对孩子进行定位追踪

But what about privacy? Enthusiasts say tracking means more freedom, notless. Parents who know they can easily find their children may be happier to let them roam. Teenagers are spared annoying phone calls. Daisy Ashford, a mother of children aged ten and eight who lives in Ashland, Virginia, says her children like the “James Bond” feel of their Amber Alert trackers. Her military family moves every 18months, making it hard to develop a protective network of friends and neighbours: the devices are “another set of eyes”.

那么隐私怎么办？追踪装置的支持者称追踪意味着更多的自由，而非受到束缚。家长如果知道自己可以轻松找到孩子，那么他们就会更乐意让孩子出去玩耍。孩子则可以摆脱家长打来的恼人电话。家住弗吉尼亚州阿什兰的黛西·阿什福德有两个孩子，一个10岁，一个8岁。她说她的孩子很喜欢Amber Alert追踪器，戴上它有一种“詹姆斯·邦德”的感觉。她们家是军官家庭，每18个月要搬一次家，因此很难在朋友、邻居间建立起孩子的保护网，而追踪装置就像“另一个监护人”一般。

Critics say tracking does not really protect children. Savvy kidnappers will dispose of phones or other devices (implantable tracking chips are, so far, the stuff of spy movies only). And strangers rarely attack children anyway: parents are the most likely murderers, and accidents are a far graver danger than assault.“Location tracking won’t stop your child falling into a river,” says Anne-Marie Oostveen, who studies surveillance at Oxford University. For fretful parents the new devices may just mean still more grounds for worry.

反对者称追踪并不能真正地保护小孩。精明的绑匪会扔掉手机和其他设备（到目前为止，只有间谍片里才会出现植入式的追踪芯片）。而陌生人又很少袭击儿童：最有可能谋杀小孩的是父母，而且比起攻击，意外所带来的后果更加严重。在牛津大学研究“监督”的Anne-Marie Oostveen说，“定位追踪无法防止你的孩子掉入河中”。对忧心忡忡的家长来说，新设备可能仅仅意味着更多的担忧。

The same technology also enables snooping on adults. In America mobile subscribers can buy location-tracking services for all users of a family phone plan. Some survivors of domestic violence say this makes it harder to escape. Parents use webcams to keep an eye on their children’s carers(generally legal, though the ethics of hidden cameras are contested, and covertly captured audio can break laws on wiretapping). A Saudi government agency that sends men text messages if their children leave the country also help strack wives.

这种技术还可以用来窥探成年人的隐私。在美国，移动用户可以为家庭用户组的所有成员购买定位追踪服务。一些家庭暴力的幸存者称这使逃跑变得更加困难。一些父母会使用网络摄影机来监视孩子的保姆（通常来说这种行为是合法的，虽然使用隐形摄像头的合法性的确在道德层面上受到了人们的质疑，而暗中录音则更是触犯了窃听法）。在沙特，孩子一出国界，一个政府机构就会发送短信提醒其父亲，这样他就同时有了追踪妻子的可能。

Others fear that children who submit to tracking in schools will more readily accept state surveillance in adulthood. In August a coalition of American civil-rights outfits advised schools not to make such tracking mandatory. It termed the technology “dehumanising” and said that,

where it operates, sensors should be visible.

也有人担心孩子如果在上学时就被追踪，等他们成年后，他们就更容易接受监视。八月，一个美国民权联合组织建议学校不要强制规定对学生进行追踪。该组织称这种追踪技术“丧失人性”，如果要进行追踪，那么感应器必须安装在可见范围内。

Small fixes can make tracking by parents more palatable, too. Services that help kids report their location, perhaps by “checking in” as they move around, calm anxious grown-ups with less annoyance for the young. An app called Glympse lets users share their location for a few minutes at a time; WalkMeHome, a Swedish appalso available in English, helps people share their whereabouts with trusted contacts any time they feel unsafe. A prototype tracker built by Microsoft substituted detailed locatio n data for broader descriptions (“at school”, “at home” or “at work”). Such humdrum messages maybe less fun than child-tracking drones—but they are also less alarming.

做一些小的调整能让孩子更容易接受父母的追踪。有一些服务能让孩子在外出时通过登录等方式汇报他们所处的位置，这样父母不必担心，孩子也少了烦恼。用户能通过一个名叫Glympse的应用程序每几分钟分享一次他们所在的位置。每当觉得不安全时，人们还可以通过一个名叫WalkMeHome的应用软件与信任的人联系，告知自己所处的位置，这款瑞典软件还有英文版可供人们使用。微软公司发明的一款追踪器样机用详细的定位数据替代了宽泛的描述（如“在学校”、“在家里”、“在工作”）。比起追踪孩子的无人飞机，这样单调的信息或许少了些趣味，但同时它们也没有那么令人担忧了。

Text 2 （发现119号元素）

Modern alchemy 现代炼金术

Turning a line 开始新的一行

The race to extend the periodic table continues

扩展元素周期表的竞赛还在继续

One of the first inklings that chemistry has an underlying pattern was the discovery, early in the 19th century, of lithium, sodium and potassium—known collectively as the alkali metals. Though different from each other they have strangely similar properties. This was one of the observations that led a German chemist called Johann D?bereiner to wonder if all chemical elements came in families.

化学有一套内在规律；19世纪初锂、钠与钾（统称碱金属）的发现是让人对此隐约有所意识的最早事例之一。尽管它们不是同种元素，但其性质之近似简直不可思议。这是德国化学家乔安?德贝莱纳（Johann D?bereiner）猜想可将所有化学元素按族分类的实际根据之一。

It took decades to tease out the truth of D?bereiner’s conjecture, and thus to construct the periodic table—in which the alkali metals form the first column. And it took decades more to explain why the table works (it is to do with the way electrons organise themselves in orbit around atomic nuclei). But it is a fitting tribute to D?bereiner’s insight that, if all goes well, some time in the next few months will bring the creation of a new alkali metal, element number 119, by his countryman Christoph Düllmann of the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt. With that addition the table will do something which has never happened before. It

will grow a new row.

科学家证实德贝莱纳猜想的真实性并绘制元素周期表——碱金属是其第一列——花了好几十年。他们又研究了几十年来解释周期表能够说明问题的原因：这与围绕原子核旋转的电子的排布方式有关。但如果一切顺利，今后几个月中的某一天，位于德国达姆施塔特的GSI亥姆霍兹重离子研究中心的克里斯托弗?杜尔曼博士（Christoph Düllmann of the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt）将创造一种新的碱金属，周期表第119号元素。这一成就由德贝莱纳的同胞完成，以此赞颂他当年的洞察力最恰当不过了。周期表将随着这一新元素的加入而出现新的一行，这是前所未有的。

Come in number 119 第119号元素来了！

An element’s atomic number is the number of protons in its nucleus. These, despite being mutually repulsive because they are positively charged, are held together by a phenomenon called the strong nuclear force. Some of this force is also supplied by neutrons, which outnumber protons in most nuclei and have no electric charge. If, however, there are too many or too few neutrons in a nucleus, that nucleus becomes unstable—in other words, it is radioactive. And the vagaries of quantum physics mean that “too many” and “too few” sometimes overlap, and there is thus no stable isotope (or variant, with fewer or more neutrons) of a particular element.

一种元素的原子序数即其核内质子数。尽管这些质子都带正电荷因此相互排斥，但原子核内的强力还是把它们结合在一起。原子核内还有中子，它们不带电荷，而且在大多数原子核中它们的数目超过质子数，一部分强力也由它们提供。但核内中子过多或过少都会让原子核不稳定。就是说这样的原子核是放射性的。而由于量子物理的奇异之处，有时原子核内的中子数同时处于“过多”与“过少”的状态，这就使某些元素不存在稳定的同位素（或称变体，其核内质子数相同但中子数不同）。

This happens at two places—islands of instability, if you like—in the middle of the table. As a result technetium, element number 43, and promethium, 61, are always radioactive (and are not found naturally in detectable quantities). Further down the table, where nuclei get heavier and elements less familiar, instability happens more and more often. No element heavier than lead (number 82) has a stable isotope, and above number 92 (uranium) lifetimes are so short that these substances are almost non-existent in nature. Such “transuranic” elements can, however, be made artificially by the fusion of lighter ones. And that is precisely what Dr Düllmann intends to do in the case of element 119, by firing titanium atoms (number 22) at those of berkelium (97) and hoping some of them merge.

这种现象出现在周期表中部的两个地方，人们有时称它们为不稳定元素岛。这就使得第43号元素锝和第61号元素钷的所有同位素都具有放射性，而且从未在自然界以可检测的数量存在。周期表越往下，那里的元素就越不为人们所熟悉，它们的原子核也越重，同时不稳定现象也越普遍。原子序数大于82号元素铅的元素不再有稳定的同位素，大于92号元素铀的元素寿命太短，几乎不存在于自然界中。但这些“超铀元素”可以通过聚合较轻元素人工制造。杜尔曼博士要做的正是这样的实验：他用第22号元素钛的原子轰击第97号元素锫的原子，希望能让其中的一些原子聚合，形成第119号元素。

Making a new element is tricky. The titanium atoms must be travelling fast enough in GSI’s particle accelerator to overcome the repulsion between their protons and those of the berkelium,