2013高考英语二轮复习精品资料 专题08 情态动词和虚拟语气教学案(教师版)

2013高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题08 情态动词和虚拟语气（教学

案，教师版）

【2013高考考纲解读】

情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等，是中学英语语法的重点，也是高考的

热点，是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推

测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”，情态

动词表示“必要性”等方面的用法。

【重点知识整合】

一、情态动词

1．shall

(1)表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等，一般用于第二、三人称中，并用于陈述句。

You shall have my answer tomorrow.（允诺）

你明天就会得到我的答复。

He shall be sorry for it one day,I tell you.（警告）

我告诉你，他总有一天会后悔的。

You shall do as I tell you.（命令或吩咐）

你应该按照我告诉你的去做。

(2)shall用于第三人称，表示“应，必须”。

Those belonging to our club shall wear uniforms.

我们俱乐部的成员应该穿统一制服。

(3)用于征求对方的意见和指示，用在第一、三人称的疑问句中。

Shall I turn on the light?我能打开灯吗？

Shall he come to see you? =Do you want him to see you?

你愿意他来看你吗？

【例】--What does the sign over there read?

--No person____smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.

A. will

B.may

C.shall

D.must

【答案】C

【解析】：shall可以用于第二,第三人称表说话者的命令、警告、意图、允诺和决心等,此处表示命令.

2．will

(1)表示意志、愿望或决心等。

--Can someone help me?有人能帮帮我吗？

--I will.我来帮你。

(2)与you连用，表示请求。

Will you come this way，please?你能走这条路吗？

(3)表示规律性的“注定会”。

People will die without air or water.

离开水或空气人们将会死的。

(4)表示习惯或特征。

This old man is very strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything．这位老人很怪，他会坐在那儿几小时不说话。

3．should与ought to

should

(1)表劝告、建议时常作“应当”讲，与ought to有时可互换，ought to更注重责任和义务。

(2)表示预测可能性，并意为“可能，（按道理）应该”。

They should be here now．他们现在应该在这儿。

(3)用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议。

I should think you are right．我以为你是对的。

【例】—I don’t care what people think.

—Well, you _______

A. could

B. would

C. should

D. might

【例】This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first

year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might【答案】B

ought to

(1)ought to表示应该，语气比should强。

We ought to help each other in our work.

在工作中我们应该互相帮助。

(2)ought to表示按照责任、义务等该做的事。

You're my father, so you ought to look after me.

你是我父亲，因此你应该照顾我。

(3)ought to表示非常可能的事。

He ought to know her address．他应该知道她的地址。

(4)ought(not)to have done与should(not)have done的用法相同。

【例】 According to the air traffic rules,you_____switch off your mobile phone before boarding．

A.may

B.can

C.would

D.should

4.would 与used to

(1)两者都可表示过去重复的习惯。

(2)used to强调过去的行为同现在的对比，而would则单纯表示过去的习惯动作，常

与often，every day等状语连用。

He used to be a very strong man.

他以前是个身体很强壮的人。（现在体质差多了）

We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his sto ry.

我们过去每天晚上坐在院子里听他讲故事。（过去重复性行为）．

(3)表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不能用would。

There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.

以前山脚下有座庙。

5．need和dare

need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词，用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。

Need I come?我有必要来吗？

一No,you needn't(don't have to).／Yes,you must.

不，你没有必要。／是的，你必须来。

You needn't telephone him now.

你现在不必给他打电话。

He didn't dare to go home．他不敢回家。

None of them dared to mention this.

他们谁也不敢提这件事。

注意：need问句的肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn't或don't have to。

【例】——What sort of house do you want

to have? Something big?

——Well,it____be big—that's not important.

A. mustn't

B.needn't

C.can't

D.won't

6．must与have to

(1)must表示说话人的主观看法，have to往往强调客观需要。

(2) must一般只表示现在，have to则有更多的时态形式。

(3)二者否定意义不同，mustn't表示“禁止”。

(4)询问对方意愿时，应用must。

—— Must I clean all the room s?我必须打扫所有房间吗？

—— Yes, you must./No, you don't have to/needn't.

是的，你必须。／不，不必了。

(5)二者的用法口诀：

“主观职责”说“必须”，

must赶紧用上去；

若是环境“不得不”

赶快换用have to。

You mustn't go你不能去。

You don't have to go．你不必去。

【例】John，look at the time. ________you play the piano at such a late hour?

A. Must

B.Can

C.May

D.Need

7．can与be able to

(1)can只用于一般现在时和一般过去时(could)，be able to可用于更多时态中。

(2)can只表示具备了某种能力，但不一定做了，而be able to指过去某时设法做成了某事，was/were able to do相当于managed to do或succeeded in doing.

I talked with her for a long time, and eventually I was able to make her believe me．

我跟她谈了很久，最终还是使她相信了我的话。

My father could speak English．我父亲会说英语。

(3)在否定句中或与感官动词连用时，could与was/were able to可通用。

I could/was able to see them through the window.

透过窗子我能看到它们。

I wasn't able to/couldn't catch the last train.

我没能赶上最后一列火车。

8．情态动词表推测

(1)肯定句中，can可以表示客观的（理论上的）可能性，并不涉及具体的某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以用来说明人或事物的特征；要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不可用can，须用could，may，might。

Accidents can happen on such rainy days.

这种下雨的天气可能会发生事故。（客观的可能性）

Peter may go with us tonight,but he isn、t sure yet.

彼得今晚可能和我们一起去，但他还没确定。(实际可能性，不用can)

We may go camping next Sunday.

下星期日我们可能去野营。（实际可能性）

【例】1.The boy________be really annoying at times，but after a while，you’ll get used to him．

A. must

B. should C．shall D. can

2.—Can I have something to eat, Mum? I feel hungry.

—You ____ be hungry. You’ve just had some bread and ham.

A. mayn’t

B. won’t

C. mustn’t

D. can’t

(2)表示推测的情态动词层次比较

注意：

①表推测时，may，must常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。may not表示“可能不”；如果表达否定意义“不可能”或疑问意义，用can/could的适当形式。

--Are you coming to Jeff's party?你会来杰夫的晚会吗？

--I'm not sure.I might go to the concert instead.

我不确定。我可能去听音乐会作为代替。

Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?

布什先生做事守时。出席开业庆典他怎么会迟到了呢？

（2）would，could，should，might并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示其可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。

This can't be done by him.这不可能是他做的。

This may not be done by him.这可能不是他做的。

Can this be done by him?这可能是他做的吗？

This could/may/might be done by him.

这件事可能是他做的。

He should be around sixty years old.他可能60岁左右了。

③should表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望。

It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack should be here at any moment.快7点了。杰克随时都可能在这里。

--When can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon．我什么时候可以来取照片？我明天下午就要用。

——They should be ready by 12：00．它们12点就能（洗）好了。

【例】——You _____ be hungry already. —— you had lunch only two hours

ago!

A. wouldn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.needn't

【例】What a pity! Considering his ability and experience,he____better.

A. need have done

B.must have done

C. can have done

D.might have done

9．表示“宁愿做某事”的句式：

would rather do sth. (than do sth.)

would do sth. rather than do sth.

would rather sb. did sth.

10．情态动词+ have done

prefer to do sth.

"prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.

prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

【例】[2008江苏] ——I'm sorry.I _____ at you the other day.

——Forget it.1 was a bit out of control myself.

A. shouldn't shout B:shouldn't have shouted

C. mustn't shout

D.mustn't have shouted

【例】 The teacher _____ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him,I suppose.

A. should

B.can

C.would

D.must

二、情态动词的一些习惯用法

(1) cannot.., too/enough表示“无论怎么……也不过分……”“越……越好”。

You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。

You cannot remember enough English words.

你记的英语单词越多越好。

(2)cannot but do sth.表示“不得不／只好做某事”。

I cannot but admire your bravery.

我不得不佩服你的勇气。

(3)may well和may as well结构

“may well+动词原形”是一种常用结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于to be very likely to.

He may well be proud of his son.

他完全可以为儿子感到自豪。

“may as well十动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had better do或have no strong reason not to do,

You may as well do it at once．你最好马上就做这件事。

三、虚拟语气

1．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

If she knew English,she wouldn't ask me for help.

如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。

If I had known her number,I would have called her.

如果我知道她的电话号码的话，我就给她打电话了。

If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.

如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

注意：

(1)错综时间条件句

有时主句与从句的动作发生在不同时间，这时主句和从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式必须因时间不同而不同。

If she hadn't trained so hard, she wouldn't be able to run so fast.（从句与过去

事实相反，主句与现在事实相反）如果她以前训练没有这么刻苦的话，她现在不可能跑得那么快。

If he had died in the accident,he couldn't stand in front ofyou now.如果他在那次事故中死去了，他现在就不会站在你面前了。

(2)省略if的用法

如果条件句的从句部分含有were，should或had，有时可将if省略，把were，should或had 移到句首。

Were I you, I would get up early in the morning.

如果我是你的话，我早晨就会早起。

Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday,you could have caught the train.

昨天如果你早到车站10分钟的话，就会赶上火车了。

Should it rain,the crops would be saved.

要是下雨的话，庄稼就会有救了。

(3)含蓄条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。有以下情况：

①通过介词短语with，without, but for，but that等。

Without air,there would be no living things.

若没有空气，就没有生物。

But for your mother's help we wouldn't have finished the

work.要不是你妈妈帮忙，我们不可能完成这项工作。

②通过连词or, but，though，once等。

I would have attended the meeting, but I have been too busy.我本来要参加会议的，只是太忙了。

③通过不定式短语。

You would be a fool to refuse his offer.

要是你拒绝他的提议，那就太傻了。

④通过分词短语。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

倘若给予更多关心，这些树木本来可以生长得更好。

⑤无词语暗示条件。

Such mistakes could have been avoided.

这些错误本来是可以避免的。

【例】_____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.

A. If

B. Since

C. Though

D. When

2．宾语从句中的虚拟语气

(1)表示命令、建议、要求等一类的动词，如order，suggest，propose, insist, require, demand, advise, request等后接的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略

We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.

我们建议把会议推迟。

I required that he (should) come to my office.

我要求他到我的办公室来。

He insisted that you (should) be seated there.

他坚持让你坐在那儿。

【例】 (09浙江13) The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal .

A .wouldn’t

B couldn’t

C needn’t

D shouldn’t

注意：suggest与insist

①当suggest不表示“建议”而是表示“暗示”“认为…可能…,使人联想起”讲时，从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气。

Her expression suggested (that) she was angry.

她的表情表明她生气了。

②当insist表示“坚持说、强调”之意时，用陈述语气。

He insisted that he was better．(insist在此表示“坚持说、坚持认为”)他坚持说他好些了。

He insisted that Tom had stolen his horse.

他坚持认为汤姆偷了他的马。

(2)wish后的宾语从句中：一般过去时——与现在事实相反的愿望，过去完成时——与过去事实相反的愿望，would/could+动词原形——将来难以实现的愿望。

I wish you had come to the lecture.但愿你当时听报告了。

I wish I could fly to the moon some day.如果有一天我能飞到月球上去就好了。

(3) would rather的从句后面用一般过去时表示将来或现在，用过去完成时表示过去。

I would rather you told me the truth.我宁愿你告诉我真相了。

I would rather you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天已经把这本书还了。

3．名词性从句中的虚拟语气

(1)虚拟语气用于主语从句

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“(should+)动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。

①It is necessary/important/natural/strange that... (should)do…

……做……是必要的／重要的／自然的／奇怪的。

It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work．你在工作后打扫房间是有必要的。

It is very strange that he (should) have left without saying good-bye．他离开时没有说再见是很奇怪的。

②、It is desired/suggested/decided/ordered/requested/proposed that... (should) do...

据请求／建议／决定／指示／要求／建议……（应该）做……

It is ordered that the cloth (should) be woven right now.

据指示，现在就应纺织布料。

(2)虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句

在advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion,request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should+)动词原形”。

My idea is that we (should)do exercises first.

我的观点是我们应该先做练习。

Our suggestion is that the meeting should be held at once.

我们的建议是会议应立刻召开。

An order came that we (should) start at once.

命令传来我们应立刻出发。

4．as if/as though从句中的虚拟语气

由as if /as though(好像)引导的从句，谓语动词用过去式或过去完成时表示虚拟语气。

It seems as if it were spring already.现在仿佛已是春天了。

He talked as if he had been to Paris.他谈起来好像他去过巴黎。

She looks as though she had known all the secrets.她看上去像是已经知道了全部秘密。

注意：

as if/as though可引导可能是事实的从句，常用在系动词look，seem，taste，sound等词后。It looks as if it is going to rain．仿佛要下雨了。

5．其他句型中的虚拟语气

(1)if only句型（要是……该有多好）

If only I could see him now!要是我现在能看到他该有多好啊！

If only I knew the answer.要是我知道答案就好了。

If only I hadn't lost it．要是我没有弄丢它就好了。

(2)It is (high) time that后面的从句的谓语动词要用过去式或用“should+动词原形”，但should不可省略。

It is time that we planted trees there. 是我们到那儿种树的时候了。

It is high time that we should plant trees there.早该是我们到那儿种树的时候了。

【例】But for their help，we the program in time．

A．can not finish B．will not finish

C．had not finished D．could not have finished

易混易误，深度总结。

◆典型陷阱题分析◆

1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”

A. shall

B. will

C.

would D. can

（1）“I promise that she _____ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？”

A. should

B. must

C. would

D. shall

2. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.

A. cannot

B. shouldn’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

3. “Is John coming by train？” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”

A. must

B. can

C. need

D. may

4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”

A. may not be

B. won’t be

C. couldn’t be

D. mustn’t be

5. “Do you think he is lazy？” “I _____ so once, but I don’t now.”

A. may have thought

B. can have thought

C. may think

D. might think

Their answers are exactly the same — one of them ______ from the other.

A. must copy

B. must have copied

C. should copy

D. should have copied

6. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.

A. can

B. could

C. must

D. should

7. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.

A. will show

B. would show

C. am going to

show D. am showing

2. “It looks as if he were drunk.”

“So it does. _____.”

A. He’d better give up drinking

B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink

D. I wonder why he is always doing so

8. “Mary looks hot and dry”

“So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”

A. do

B. are

C.

will D. would

9. “He will come tomorrow.”

“But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”

A. will come

B. is coming

C.

came D. had come

【陷阱】容易误选A或B.根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。

【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C.按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。

I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。

I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。

请再做以下试题（答案均为B）：

（1）“Shall I come tomorrow ？”

“I’d rather you ______.”

A. won’t

B. didn’t

C. don’t

D. wouldn’t

（2）“I’ve told him about it.”

“But I’d rather you ______.”

A. didn’t

B. hadn’t

C. don’t

D. wouldn’t

（3）“He will take you as well.”

“But I’d rather he ______.”

A. won’t

B. didn’t

C. doesn’t

D. wouldn’t

5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.

A. should be; be operated on

B. were; must be operated on

C. was; should be operated

D. was; be operated on

（1） The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.

情态动词和虚拟语气在高考大纲中的要求是学习资料

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