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全新版大学英语听说教程第五册PartB听力原文

全新版大学英语听说教程第五册PartB听力原文
全新版大学英语听说教程第五册PartB听力原文

COLLEGE ENGLISH LISTENING AND SPEAKING COURSE 5 UNIT 1-9

UNIT 1

The World's First Space Tourist (A)

On May 6, 2001, Dennis Tito, a 61-year-old California millionaire and former NASA engineer, became the world's first paying space tourist when the Russian space agency launched him and two Russian cosmonauts aboard a rocket for a journey to the International Space Station.

Tito and the crew blasted off from the cosmodrome in Kazakstan on time. Tito appeared calm, wearing a space suit and a smile. The trip by the Russian crew was almost delayed due to concerns expressed by NASA that the space station would get too crowded while an American crew did some necessary computer repairs. Fortunately for Tito, NASA said Friday that it had struck a deal with the Russian Space Agency, allowing him to launch on time without interrupting the American crew's work on the ailing International Space Station.

Tito paid the Russian space agency $20 million to fly in space, but Russia's partners in the space station -- especially NASA -- objected, saying his lack of training would require additional safety measures.

Tito has been training at the Star City, Russia space center, for a year, learning the details of a Soyuz spacecraft and practicing how to survive a landing in Siberia. Just days before the launch, he proclaimed that he was well prepared. He said, "The training is what counts and I've had a significant amount of training. And that, I think, coupled with my aerospace engineering background, puts me in a very strong position, as far as being able to function in space. "

Tito has no duties during the mission. He told reporters: "I'm not a fighter pilot, I'm a businessman, and I want to be able to absorb as much of this experience and relate it to as many people as I can." He said he would take pictures and tell people about the experience upon his return. Tito says his launch aboard a Russian rocket and six-day stay on the International Space Station demonstrates that anyone can -- and should -- experience space.

The World's First Space Tourist (B)

Dennis Tito is the oldest child of working-class Italian immigrants whose ancestors came from the town of Tito in southern Italy. His father was a printer, and his mother was a

seamstress. While growing up in Queens, N.Y., Tito became interested in space travel. He says he dreamed of space flight when he saw Sputnik launch as a teenager in 1957. Yes, it was Sputnik that sparked his teenage imagination.

Tito earned bachelor's and master's degrees in aerospace engineering and went to work in 1964 for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. He charted flight paths for NASA's Mariner Mars probes, earning $15,000 a year. But he yearned for more -- more money.

Tito founded his own company Wilshire Associates in the early 1970s, using the mathematical intelligence he developed during his NASA career to analyze the stock market instead. His firm produces the Wilshire 500 Total Market Index, which is watched by Federal Reserve officials as an overall snapshot of U.S. stock markets.

By age 40, he had made his first million. The millions kept piling up; the investment firm now manages more than $10 billion in assets and advises on $1 trillion in assets. His personal fortune is estimated at $200 million.

Tito's passions include opera, sailing and buying fast cars -- but driving them slowly. Most are housed in the eight-car garage of his 30,000-square-foot manor house with ocean views that he built on top of a mountain in Los Angeles.

He and his wife, Suzanne, divorced shortly after the house was completed. His three children are in their 20s.

With a large disposable income, Tito toyed with the idea of flying to Mir in the early 1990s. The Russians had just sent up a Japanese journalist and a British chemist for cash, and Tito wanted to be the next guest cosmonaut. But the Soviet Union's collapse forced him to put his dream on hold.

The space dream came alive again in April 2000, when the MirCorp joint venture called in April 2000, in hopes of keeping Mir afloat.

Tito put millions into an account that the Russian space program could access once he was launched to Mir, and went to the cosmonaut headquarters in the Star City, outside Moscow. There, the 5-foot-5, 140-pound, fit-looking businessman threw himself into training. "The Russians didn't cut any corners," he boasted.

When Russia decided to sink its 15-year-old space station, officials offered Tito an alternative destination -- the International Space Station, barely 2 years old. Another Soyuz spacecraft was needed at the space station as a fresh lifeboat, and the third, empty seat was offered to him.

Tito was thrilled with the change in travel plans. "They're different star hotels," he said of the two space stations.

He took special delight in launching from the same pad where Sputnik took off on Oct. 4, 1957, and where the world's first spaceman, Yuri Gagarin, took off on April 12, 1961.

Tito was the third American to be launched aboard a Russian rocket, but the first to land in a Russian spacecraft. The Soyuz capsule parachutes down into remote Kazakstan.

All three of Tito's children were at the Baikonur Cosmodrome for his launch. Tito insisted he was not afraid or even nervous about his flight.

"If you're going to die of natural causes, does it pay to sit at home and be afraid to cross the street?" Tito said. "The main thing is, I'm not crazy."

Questions:

1. Where was Tito born?

2. When did Tito first become fascinated with space travel?

3. What was Tito's major in university?

4. Which of the following may NOT be the business of Tito's firm?

5. Which of the following is NOT true about Tito's hobby?

6. What was the main cause of Tito's abandoning his plan to fly to Mir in the early 1990s?

7. What can be inferred about Tito's training?

Mir's End

Mir was a testament to Russian technology. Built to last five years, operational for 13, it's been called an accident waiting to happen, for the space station has survived fires, decompression and problems ranging from mechanical and computer breakdowns to a collision with an unmanned cargo ship.

Since its launch in 1986, Mir has been home to over 25 crews from more than a dozen countries. It's been a base for astronomical observations and scientific experiments as well as giving astronauts invaluable experience of long-duration space flight. But Mir's end, though welcomed by many, could affect the pace of future space exploration.

Mir really brings to an end, the end of that space race, uh, really closes off space race now. And I think to a certain extent, we won't see the challenge, that ... that competition to push the technology. So I think, we might see the exploration of the space slowing down from now on.

Attempts to extend Mir's life by private and commercial funding have failed. So the current crew which includes a French astronaut from the European Space Agency will return inside the Soyuz spacecraft currently attached to Mir.

When the last crew leaves Mir, it will be the end of an era. But one final crucial part of the mission is the decommissioning process. An automatic navigational system is already on

board for its final descent into the Pacific Ocean next year.

Questions:

1. For how many years of operation was Mir designed to last?

2. What happened to Mir during its flight?

3. What effect would Mir have if it descended onto the earth?

4. What is the crucial part of Mir's last mission?

UNIT 2

The Umbrella Man (Part One)

I'm going to tell you about a funny thing that happened to my mother and me yesterday evening. Yesterday afternoon, my mother took me to London to see the dentist. After that, we went to a cafe. When we came out of the cafe, it was raining. "We must get a taxi," my mother said. Lots of them came by, but they all had passengers inside them.

Just then a man came up to us. He was a small man and he was probably seventy or more. He said to my mother politely, "Excuse me." He was under an umbrella which he held high over his head.

"Yes?" my mother said, very cool and distant.

"I wonder if I could ask a small favour of you," he said. I saw my mother looking at him suspiciously. She is a suspicious person, my mother. The little man was saying, "I need some help."

My mother was staring down at him along the full length of her nose. I wanted to say to her, "Oh mummy, he's a very old man, and he's polite, and he's in some sort of trouble, so be nice to him." But I didn't say anything.

"I've never forgotten it before," he said.

"You've never forgotten what?" my mother asked.

"My wallet," he said. "I must've left it in my other jacket."

"Are you asking me to give you money?" my mother said.

"No, I'm offering you this umbrella to protect you and to keep, if you would give me a pound for my taxi fare just to get me home."

"Why don't you walk home?" my mother asked.

"Oh, I don't think I could manage it. I've gone too far already."

The idea of getting an umbrella to shelter was very attractive.

"It's a lovely silk umbrella," the little man said. "Why don't you take it, madam? It cost me over twenty pounds, but that isn't important because I want to get home."

"I don't think it's quite right that I should take an umbrella from you worth twenty pounds.

I think I'd better just give you the taxi fare."

"No, no, no!" he cried. "I would never accept money from you like that! Take the umbrella, dear lady, and keep the rain off your shoulders."

She took out a pound and gave it to the little man. He took it and gave her the umbrella. He said, "Thank you, madam, thank you." Then he was gone.

Questions:

1. Why did the mother stay very cool and distant when she was offered an umbrella?

2. What was the first reaction of the narrator when the old gentleman asked her mother for help?

3. What was the first reaction of the mother when the old gentleman asked a small favour of her?

4. Why did the old gentleman just ask for one pound for such an expensive silk umbrella?

5. What made the mother change her mind and agree to exchange the silk umbrella for just one pound?

The Umbrella Man (Part Two)

"Come under here and keep dry, darling," my mother said. "Aren't we lucky! I've never had a silk umbrella before." "Why were you so unpleasant to him?" I asked.

"I wanted to be sure he was a gentleman. I'm very pleased I was able to help him."

"There he goes," I said. "Over there. He's crossing the street. He's in a hurry."

We watched the little man. When he reached the other side of the street, he turned left, walking very fast.

"He doesn't look very tired, does he, mummy? He doesn't look as if he's trying to get a taxi, either."

My mother was standing very still. "He's up to something. Come with me." We crossed the street together. It was raining very hard now, but we were under the silk umbrella.

"He said he was too tired to walk and now he's almost running."

"He's disappeared!" I cried. "Where's he gone?"

"He went in that door!" It was a pub. The room we were looking into was full of people and cigarette smoke, and our little man was in the middle of it all, without his hat and coat, and moving towards the bar. When he reached it, he spoke to the barman. The barman gave him a drink. The little man gave him a pound. The barman didn't give him any change. The little man drank it in one go.

"That's a very expensive drink," I said.

He was smiling now. He went to where his hat and coat were. He put on his hat. He put on his coat. Then very quickly, he took from the rack one of the many wet umbrellas, and left.

"Did you see that!" my mother shouted.

"Sssh!" I whispered. "He's coming out."

He didn't see us. He opened his new umbrella and went down the road. We followed him back to the main street where we met him first, and we watched as he exchanged his new umbrella for another pound. This time it was with a tall, thin man who didn't even have a hat or a coat. When it was over he went off again, this time in the opposite direction.

"He never goes into the same pub twice," my mother said. "I expect he's always hoping for a rainy day."

Questions:

1. Why was the mother so unpleasant to the old man at first?

2. What made the narrator and her mother believe that the old man was not telling the truth?

3. What can be concluded about the silk umbrella that the old man sold?

4. What can be inferred about the old gentleman?

You've Got Mail

Woman: ... Last night I went to meet you and you weren't there. I wish I knew why. I felt so foolish. And as I waited, someone else showed up, a man who's made my professional life in misery. And an amazing thing happened. I, I was able, for the first time in my life to say the exact thing I wanted to say at the exact moment I wanted to say it. And of course, afterwards, I felt terrible. Just as you said I would. I was cruel, and I'm never cruel. And even though I can hardly believe what I said mattered to this man, to him I was just a bug to be crushed. But what if it did? No matter what he's done to me, there's no excuse for my behavior. Anyway, I so wanted to talk to you. I hope you have a good reason, have a good reason for not being there last night. You don't seem like the kind of person that would do something like that. The odd thing about this form of communication is that you're more likely to talk about nothing than something, but I just want to say that all this nothing has meant more to me than so many "somethings". So, thanks.

Computer: Goodbye!

Man: Dear friend. I cannot tell you what happened last night. But I beg you, from the bottom of my heart, to forgive me for not being there, for what happened. I feel terrible that you found yourself in a situation that caused you additional pain. But I'm absolutely sure that whatever you said last night was provoked, even deserved. And everyone says things they regret when they're worried or stressed. You're expecting to see someone you trusted, and then the enemy, instead. The fault is mine. Someday I'll explain everything. Meanwhile, I'm still here. Talk to you.

Questions:

1. What is the possible relationship between the man and the woman?

2. What did the woman do last night?

3. What did the woman most likely say last night?

4. What did the woman think of communication through the Internet?

5. What do you think of the man's attitude?

UNIT 3

Did We Land on the Moon?

Last week my phone rang. It was my mother and she was very upset.

"Tony!" she exclaimed, "I just came from the coffee shop and there's a guy down there who says NASA never landed on the Moon. Everyone was talking about it ... I ... I just didn't know what to say!"

That last bit was hard to swallow, I thought. Mom's never at a loss for words.

But even more incredible was the controversy that swirled through the small town and

places like it across the country. After a long absence, the "Moon Hoax" was back.

All the debates about the Moon landing began on Thursday, February 15, 2001 when the Fox Television network aired a program called "Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?" It was re-aired on March 19. The program was hosted by "X-Files" actor Mitch Pileggi. The program was an hour long, and featured interviews with a series of people who believe that NASA faked the Apollo Moon landings in the 1960s and 1970s. The biggest voice in this is Bill Kaysing, who claims to have all sorts of hoax evidence, including pictures taken by the astronauts, engineering details, discussions of physics and even some testimony by astronauts themselves. The program's conclusion was that the whole thing was faked in the Nevada desert. According to them, NASA technology in the 1960s did not have the technical capability of going to the Moon. Instead, anxious to win the Space Race any way it could, NASA acted out the Apollo program in movie studios. Neil Armstrong's historic first steps on another world, the Moon vehicle and the American flag -- it was all a fake!

Fortunately the Soviets didn't think it was a hoax. Otherwise, they could have filmed their own fake Moon landings and really embarrassed the free world.

According to the show, NASA was a blundering movie producer thirty years ago. The hoax believers pointed out a lot of discrepancies in Apollo imagery. For example, pictures of astronauts transmitted from the Moon don't include stars in the dark lunar sky -- an obvious production error! What happened? Did NASA film-makers forget to turn on the constellations?

Here's another one. Pictures of Apollo astronauts erecting a US flag on the Moon show the flag bending and waving. How can that be? After all, there's no breeze on the Moon ...

"One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." These immortal words were spoken when American astronaut Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon in 1969. Or did he?

Questions:

1. Why was the speaker's mother at a loss for words at the beginning?

2. When did the Fox TV network air the program for the second time?

3. What was the theme of the program that the Fox TV network aired in 2001?

4. Why did NASA fake the Moon landings in the 1960s and 1970s according to the passage?

5. What was the speaker's attitude toward the hoax incident?

US Carmakers Make Progress

... I'm Henry Beatle with "Your Money".

For decades many people have insisted that they wouldn't buy an American car or light truck simply because they believe European and Asian vehicles were better made.

"Consumer Reports Annual Auto" issue says the US carmakers have been making tremendous progress over the past five years in improving the quality of their products and in reducing the number of things that will go wrong with them.

David Champion is the director of auto-testing for the magazine. He says the American automakers now feel vehicles (that) are as reliable on average during the first year as those from European manufacturers. In fact, Champion says the Europeans have made smaller improvements and haven't kept up with the strides being made by carmakers in the US and Asia. A "Consumer Reports" survey finds American and European models now average 21 problems per hundred vehicles during the first year compared to 12 problems per hundred for Asian models.

With CNN radio "Your Money". I'm Henry Beatle.

Questions:

1. What's the main topic of this news report?

2. In which area has progress been made by the US carmakers?

3. Who is David Champion?

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the talk?

UNIT 4

A UFO in My Yard (Part One)

It was one a.m. one cold fall night in 1968. I was 21 then, and was coming home from a date. I had just dropped off my girlfriend and was heading back to Franksville, a rural town in Wisconsin. As I turned left to go east on Seven Mile Road, I saw extremely bright lights streaming out from the distance.

My heart skipped a beat. What was producing these strange lights visible from a half mile away? I thought it was a house on fire. The lights seemed to emanate from the area where my house was located. My parents and two brothers were probably in bed by now. As I accelerated and turned onto the town street, frantic thoughts ran through my mind. Was the house burning down? Was my family trapped inside?

As I raced toward my house, I noticed that the yards of my house and my neighbors' were illuminated as if it were day. Then I saw the source of the strange light. It wasn't a house fire, as I had feared. It was a possibility I would have never anticipated, one that was perhaps even more fearsome than the house fire I had imagined.

Hovering motionless only 50 feet above the rooftops was a strange object. Round and silvery, it was approximately 300-400 feet in diameter. In the wake of the hovering enigma, there was an eerie silence. I stuck my head out the driver's side window to get a closer look

at what I guessed was some kind of aircraft.

It looked made of aluminum, except for two cones that protruded from the top and bottom of the craft's center. Both cones seemed to be made of a glass-like material. The top cone was white, while the bottom cone glowed yellow. White lights circled the yellow cone on the underside of the craft. Each light was about 3-4 feet in diameter.

It didn't look like any conventional aircraft I had ever seen. It looked like a flying saucer from a movie. Was this what an alien spaceship truly looked like?

I pondered what to do. If I pulled into the driveway I would be putting myself directly beneath the craft. I considered turning the car around and speeding away.

Statements:

1. The narrator saw a strange bright light in the distance when he and his girlfriend were in the car.

2. At first the narrator thought that the bright lights were from a house on fire, possibly his own house.

3. The strange dazzling lights came from a round and silvery dish-like object, which was about three to four feet in diameter.

4. The narrator felt that danger threatened because the object was not like any conventional aircraft he had ever seen.

5. The narrator was at a loss at the sight of the fearsome object and considered running away from the scene.

6. The incident showed that though the narrator was a young man, he displayed a remarkable calmness in the presence of danger.

A UFO in My Yard (Part Two)

But what about my family? Every night I would expect them to be safe in bed. But tonight with that mysterious thing hovering ominously just above their rooms, I wondered what had become of them.

Were they inside the saucer? Held against their will by the alien creatures? What could the aliens possibly want from my family? What could they be doing to them?

I made my decision and swallowed hard. I pulled into the driveway. As I slowly reached for the car door handle, I comforted myself by thinking, "This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity."

How often does a strange spacecraft come to call? How many chances does a small-town

Wisconsin boy get to meet visitors from another world? Perhaps the creatures that awaited didn't consider the human an intelligent being. Maybe they just stopped by to chat.

Cautiously, I opened the car door. I stepped solidly onto the driveway, prepared to meet my fate. I looked around. Surprisingly, the yards had gone dark. I looked above me, but there was no sign of the object that had been there -- what seemed like -- only a moment ago.

I ran into my house. It was quiet, dark. Normally my mother would call out to me, "Is that you?" But tonight I did not hear the familiar sound of her post-date questioning.

I entered my parents' bedroom to tell them what I had seen. They were dead asleep, undisturbed by the strange goings-on. They proved remarkably hard to wake. I called repeatedly, but they would not wake up. Finally, I shook my mother, then my father. "Mom! Dad! Did you see that light outside?"

I finally got a groggy response from my father. "You must have been drinking. Go to bed!" Then I attempted to awaken my two brothers. I had to shake them too to get a response. Neither brother had seen a thing. They both told me to go to bed.

Incredulous, I decided to follow my family's advice and go to bed. Somehow I fell asleep. The next day life went on as usual.

I have repeatedly asked my family members about what happened that night, but none has ever recalled anything out of the ordinary. I thought about telling the police, but feared they would think I was crazy, if I said I had seen a UFO the other night. I can't explain what I saw. I hadn't been drinking that night and I had driven that same route at least a hundred times before.

I now wonder if my family and I were abducted by the aliens and I just can't remember it. Why would the craft have been there? What purpose could it have had hovering so close to the houses of my neighborhood? I hope to one day undergo a hypnotic treatment to find some answers. Thirty-three years after my experience, I am still left with the nagging question of what really happened that cold fall night.

Questions:

1. What decision did the narrator make in the presence of a possible danger?

2. What was one possible purpose of the aliens' visit to the family according to the narrator?

3. How many people were there in the narrator's family?

4. What happened when the narrator decided to approach the flying saucer?

5. Why didn't the narrator report the saucer incident to the police?

6. Why did the narrator want to receive hypnotic treatment one day?

Were They UFOs?

What was the cause of these lights traveling across the sky in this remote area of South America? The following year, similar lights in the sky were recorded on video by a man watching a football match near Seattle. Some witnesses believe that they were seeing a UFO, but the lights in the sky were later identified as a Russian rocket stage breaking up on

re-entry. 95% of such UFO sightings turned out to be re-entering space debris. In Chile too, it was no UFO but another burning satellite re-entering earth's atmosphere. And the shower of molten metal was not just aluminum: the Spacecraft was carrying a payload of plutonium.

Mars 96 had been an interplanetary probe launched from Kazakhstan. The plutonium provided energy to keep its instruments warm as it traveled into deepest space. The final stage was supposed to push the probe on its path to Mars. But it failed and the rocket was stuck in low-earth orbit. It was only a matter of time before it would be dragged back by gravity. As Mars 96 descended over Australia it managed to complete another half orbit around the earth and, and according to the Russians, landed in the Pacific. Or did it?

Questions:

1. What were those lights traveling across the sky?

2. What were those objects that accompanied the descent of these lights?

3. What was the purpose of using plutonium on Mars 96?

4. What was the fate of Mars 96?

UNIT 5

Laughter: The Best Medicine

The following is an interview by a TV hostess with Dr. Lee Berk of the Loma Linda School of Public Health in California.

W: We've all heard the saying "Laughter is the best medicine." How important is it to our health, Dr. Berk?

M: This saying has been scientifically proven! According to our research, laughter strengthens the immune system and lowers the levels of stress hormones ...

W: Can you be more specific?

M: Well, after a bout of laughter, blood pressure drops to a lower, healthier level than when

the laughter began. Dr. William Fry of Stanford University found that "twenty seconds of guffawing gives the heart the same workout as three minutes of hard rowing."

W: What else?

M: Another year-long study of heart attack victims done at the Oakhurst Health Research Institute in California found that of those patients who spent half an hour a day watching comedy videos, 10 percent had a second heart attack, whereas 30 percent of those who did not watch had a second attack.

W: Wow! Laughter is really a good medicine to patients. Can you give us another example?

M: Sure! Norman Cousins, editor of the "Saturday Review", learned this during a battle with a debilitating illness. He discovered that his condition improved when he enjoyed himself and watched funny movies. Laughing, he wrote, is like inner jogging. It helps us heal by activating the immune system. Many sick people have taken his advice and incorporated humor into their recovery regimen by watching comedies or reading collections of jokes.

W: You said Norman learned this? Do we have to learn to laugh?

M: Not necessarily. Since laughing is something people can do sitting down, costs no money, and requires no special exercise equipment or skill, it's the perfect workout for anyone who doesn't have the time or desire to participate in a regular fitness program.

W: Oh, I see. Do you have such a program to offer to the general public?

M: Yes, we do. It's called the Smile Time-Out.

W: How does it work?

M: It's easy. You take a deep breath, smile, exhale, and say "Aaah" while visualizing all your muscles and cells smiling. Then add to that a memory of a time you felt really good and laughed and laughed.

W: What about the situation in which you aren't in a mood to laugh?

M: OK, remember, even when you fake a smile or laugh, you get the same physiological benefits as when it's the real thing, because your mind is smart, but your body is stupid and can't tell the difference!

W: Great! Ha, ha, ha ...! I've learned it! And thank you for joining us to talk about laughing.

M: My pleasure.

Questions:

1. Who is the man?

2. What will happen to a person after a bout of laughter?

3. Why is laughter considered to be the perfect workout for all people?

4. Why would it be good for us to fake a smile or laugh sometimes?

July 4th Celebration

Next Wednesday is the 4th of July, America's Independence Day. Americans celebrate the anniversary of their declaration of independence from Britain in 1776. Each year Americans hold parties to celebrate the 4th of July. They fly American flags, sing patriotic songs and light fireworks. It might surprise you to learn that America's Independence Day also is celebrated in Denmark. Shirley Griface explains:

From the middle 1880s until 1900, one of every ten people in Denmark moved to the United States. They were poor farmers seeking a new economy and a better life. Most settled in America's Middle West. In 1912 these immigrants created an organization called the Danish-American Society. It bought land back home in Denmark, near the city of Alban, about 250 kilometers northwest of Copenhagen. The Society gave the land to Denmark on the condition that America's Independence Day would be celebrated there every year. Denmark's ruler of that time King Christian agreed. He established a national park on the land. He said the park would represent the friendship between the two nations. That is why America's Independence Day has been celebrated at Ibill National Park and in the city of Alban ever since.

Over the years hundreds of thousands of visitors have joined with games in the celebration at Ibill Park. American and Danish flags fly side by side. People eat American and Danish food. They listen to speeches. Speakers in the past have included former presidents George Bush and Ronald Regan, and actor Denny Kay. Celebrations in nearby Alban extend over a few days. Events include concerts and shows. This year the United States Air Force Band will take part in the celebration. The final event of the 4th of July celebration in Alban is the same as in the United States: fireworks. Then the nation of Denmark ends its celebration of America's Independence Day until next year.

Questions:

1. What do Americans celebrate on July 4th?

2. When did the U.S. win their independence from Britain?

3. What is the Danish-American Society?

4. Which of the following is NOT included as an event of the celebration?

UNIT 6

A Request for Euthanasia

Soon after I completed my clinical training as a cancer specialist, a colleague asked me to see a young, HIV-infected man in consultation. For a New York City hospital in 1990, the case was straightforward. The patient, about my age, looked fit, without the marked wasting that can affect persons with advanced AIDS. He had developed a few thick, dime-sized purple splotches on his back and left arm. I did a physical examination, and began to discuss his illness. He soon interrupted my talk.

"Look," he said, "all I want to do is to die. Can you help me?"

"What?" I responded.

Then I remembered that mercy killing or doctor-assisted death was in the headlines. Perhaps those stories had induced my patient to think about ending his life. But for me, I never thought those stories were well-grounded and I could never accept the idea.

To the insensitive eye, my patient looked healthy, not particularly distressed or anxious. He had no pain or difficulty breathing. He was recovering and could expect to return to a productive life. Yet he found his life unbearable, and wanted to be done with it.

Perhaps other doctors might feel compelled, even obligated, to help him end his life. When suffering is relentless and overwhelming, ending it all might seem like the merciful thing to do. But I can't help feeling that mercy of this sort is misguided.

To advocate doctor-assisted death is to deny that human suffering has value, and to affirm that the absence of things unpleasant is a necessary condition for a life worth living.

Sooner or later, each of us will experience suffering. To shrug it off or to run away from it is to retreat into an imaginary utopia. We need to face it courageously.

Suffering is to life what color is to painting. Both provide a more accurate and realistic picture of our world. Both help us to appreciate the true meanings of life that are easily overlooked. The shadows and light of suffering offer us a chance to see ourselves as we truly are. We are frail, needy, or often consumed by things we own.

Genes and Disease

... I'm Elizabeth Kelvin with "Health Watch". Your genes may be valuable to a new company trying to find the genetic causes of illnesses. A full profit company called DNA

Sciences is recruiting unpaid participants over the Internet. Check off the conditions and diseases you and your family have and DNA Sciences will send someone to take your blood.

Dr. Hugh Reinhart: "We're looking at their genes and seeing if the affected people and the unaffected people have different sets of genes variance."

The goal: to find genes linked to a whole host of illnesses such as heart disease and cancer and then come up with drugs to act on that genetic information. Some genetists are concerned that people would provide inaccurate family information. But according to DNA Sciences, people are accurate reporters of their family and personal history. And they say they've addressed another concern.

(Dr. Hugh Reinhart): "We've taken great pains to provide confidentiality." Dr. Hugh Reinhart says he will take several years to come up with any findings about genetics and disease.

For more help news online, go to https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d7266638.html,/help in association ...

Questions:

1. What is "Health Watch"?

2. What is DNA Sciences Company doing?

3. What is the goal of the research?

4. What is the major concern among some scientists?

UNIT 7

Are We Blind?

Everywhere we look, we find anti-scientific bias and belief in unbelievable things. For example, some federal judges have entertained the idea that devils may cause serial killers to act up. Also some researchers think they found top-secret code words in former U.S. president George Bush's speeches when they were played backwards, leading them to the conclusion that the president and others therefore unconsciously revealed this information to the nation's enemies. And what's more, millions of Americans believe diseases cause bacteria -- not the other way around -- and they are convinced that death is a state of afterlife. And these people are known as Christian Scientists.

Americans are certainly not alone in their belief in these unusual things. In China, a large percentage of the public visits qigong hospitals for diagnosis and treatment by a mystic or qigong master who never touches them; he merely waves his hands about. What is more remarkable is that, if a patient cannot visit an expert in person he merely mails in a slip of paper with his name written on it and the practitioner performs both the diagnosis and the cure, which consist of an exotic hand-and-body dance for some minutes. The practitioner claimed the treatment was designed to "re-establish the balance of yin and yang," and he could even exert his power to the patient from any distance away. In the Philippine Islands,

thousands of visitors flock annually to see the local sleight-of-hand artists, who can apparently dip their fingers into their bodies to remove cancerous tumors. The "healers," of course, dip into their bank accounts rather dramatically, too.

Why are people of every culture so anxious to embrace this obvious magic or claptrap that should have been left behind with the superstitious beliefs? We often just blame people for their credulity. That's not fair. Part of the reason, but not all of the reason, is to be found in the uncritical acceptance and promotion of these notions by the media, prominent personalities and governmental agencies. There seems to be a certain quality of the human mind that requires the owner to get silly from time to time. Not only so. In all of the recorded histories of every culture all over the world, yesterday and today, we have excellent examples of absurd beliefs, practices, theories, and attitudes that vary only in name, amount or flavor.

It is evident that much of the blame for the public acceptance of pseudoscience and plain claptrap can be assigned to our educational systems. We have failed in our educational systems to acquaint young people with the fundamentals of critical thinking, especially at an early stage of the educational process. Most persons have no idea that science is simply a logical process of discovering truths about the world we live in. Their illusion is that science is some sort of a set of strange rules, or a game of charms or spells to produce a magic effect.

Questions:

1. What is the speaker's purpose in giving examples of unbelievable things?

2. What is the speaker's attitude towards those unusual happenings and beliefs?

3. Who, according to the speaker, is responsible for the widespread superstitious beliefs in the world?

4. What is a major cause of people's acceptance of pseudoscience according to the speaker?

The School Meal Program

Steve Ember with "VOA Special English Development Report."

President Clinton has officially launched the new experimental project aimed at increasing the number of students attending school. The project will also help improve the health of children around the world. The 18-month program is called Global Food for Education. Thirty-eight countries from Africa, Central and South America, and Eastern Europe will take part. Three hundred million dollars worth of surplus American farm products will be used to provide a daily meal at school for about 9 million students. To begin, more than 500,000 children in Vietnam will be given healthy food. Also, students in Kenya and Eritrea will receive a meal everyday.

President Clinton said: "The program is an attempt to begin dealing with the hunger problem in the world." He said: "Almost one hundred million people around the world have

trouble every day getting enough to eat." He said: "This is partly because there is not enough food in many developing countries. As a result, half of the children in the world's poorest countries are not at school."

President Clinton said: "One effective way to get children in developing countries to attend school is by providing a healthy meal for them." A good example of this is an

American-supported food program in Cameroon in West Africa. "Since it began," Mr. Clinton said, "the number of children attending school in Cameroon has grown by 50 percent to 50,000 students. Also, the number of female students in Cameroon who drop out of school has fallen to nearly zero."

In a ceremony last month in Washington, President Clinton announced support for aid groups who get the food to the children in the school meal program. The groups include the United Nation's World Food Program, Afri-Care and Catholic Relief Services. Mr. Clinton said he hopes incoming president George W. Bush will continue and expand the school meal program. He says the goal is to offer at least one meal a day to every child around the world who needs it. Such an effort would cost the United States and other supporting countries up to 7,000 million dollars a year. "This," President Clinton says, "is a small amount compared to other project costs."

Questions:

1. Why did President Clinton officially launch the project?

2. As a first step, how many children in Vietnam will be given healthy food?

3. According to the passage, which of the following is one effective way to get children in developing countries to attend school?

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

UNIT 8

Why Does It Hurt So Much?

The story started on a normal day when I was only six years old. All of us, mom, dad, my brothers and sister, and I were getting ready for the day's events, school and work. When we all left, everything seemed fine. The four of us, my older brother and sister and one of my younger brothers, walked to school three blocks away.

School was the same as it usually was. I went out for morning recess, then came in and colored with melted crayons and then went to lunch. I didn't know that within the next hour, my life was about to change and I was going to be thrown into the most "traumatic years of my life" as one psychologist would later say.

I came back into the classroom from recess, sat in my chair, and prepared to learn about addition and subtraction. I was so excited because when I got home, I was going to show

mommy and daddy what I had learned. I didn't know that at that moment, my dad was standing in the school office, asking for my brother and me to be pulled out of school. I would definitely learn the concept of subtraction later.

We walked to our silver Toyota van and joined my older brother and sister. When we pulled into the garage, my mom was standing in the doorway with a neck brace on. I couldn't figure out what was going on.

My mom had a very angry look on her face, and her nostrils were flaring. Her eyes scared me the most. They were little slits below her eyebrows. If she had looked my way, she surely would have burnt a hole through my own eyes.

I can still remember the scene. My mother stormed out of the doorway to the driver's side of our van. My dad told us to go upstairs. We got out of the van, all on the passenger side. My mother didn't seem to notice that we were there. As we walked, rather briskly, inside, I heard screaming and arguing. My dad hadn't gotten out of the van and he and my mom were arguing their way down the hall into the study. By now, we were upstairs in my brothers' room. We all sat there, staring at each other.

More arguing, more screaming, more confusion. Then, thump! And a loud wailing. Oh my God! My baby brother, someone had dropped my baby brother.

My older brother jumped with the rest of us and ran downstairs and returned within seconds with our wailing 6-month-old brother. We looked him over as best we could and he seemed fine to us, just a little shaken up.

The next things we heard were sirens. Now the police were here. Tears were starting to come to my eyes; everyone knew that something bad must have or was going to happen when the police came.

A while later, my dad came up to talk to us. He said that mommy had to leave. They were getting a divorce.

From then on, life was a blurry dream of endless custody and court battles, supervised and unsupervised visitations, confusion and hatred.

A ping-pong game is probably the best way to describe the first couple of years. My mom and dad were the paddles and the five kids were the ball. At first, my dad had us, then my mom, then my dad, then my mom.

After the final custody case was fought, we ended up with my father. It was a major victory for him because not only did he get custody of his own children, my two younger brothers and I, but he also got custody of my older brother and sister who were my half brother and sister and his stepchildren. It's almost unheard of to get custody of stepchildren. If he hadn't been

awarded custody of them, he probably would have lost custody of all of us because the courts won't split children up.

My mother knew that I was daddy's girl, and she figured that hurting me would hurt him, so in turn, I was hurt a lot. She'd slap me and call me big mouth and she just never was good to me. I actually grew up thinking that being slapped across the face was normal, and that my parents constantly fighting were normal. I didn't understand that what I was going through was very unique. So many things happened, so many stories to tell, I could go on forever. But I won't.

Questions:

1. How many people were there in the narrator's family?

2. What did the narrator's life look like before her parents divorced?

3. Why did her father take the children out of school one day?

4. What impression did the narrator have of her mother that day?

5. What happened to the narrator's baby brother that day?

6. What was said about the custody case?

7. What can be inferred about the relationship between the narrator and her mother?

A Custody Case in Court

(This excerpt is taken from the film "Kramer Vs. Kramer".)

Lawyer 1: Now then, Mrs. Kramer, would you tell the court how long you were married? Mrs. Kramer: Eight years.

Lawyer 1: And would you describe those years as happy?

Mrs. Kramer: The first two? Yes. But after that it became increasingly difficult.

Lawyer 1: Mrs. Kramer, did you hold a job before you were married?

Mrs. Kramer: Yes, I did. When I first got out of the Smith (College), I worked in the art department of "Mademoiselle" magazine for several years.

Lawyer 1: Did you continue to work after you were married?

Mrs. Kramer: No, I did not.

Lawyer 1: Did you wish to?

Mrs. Kramer: Yes, but every time I talked to Ted, to my ex-husband about it, he wouldn't listen. He refused to discuss it in any serious way. I remember once he said that I probably couldn't get a job that would pay enough to hire a babysitter for Billy.

Lawyer 1: Tell me, are you employed at the present time?

Mrs. Kramer: Yes. I'm a sportswear designer for Celco here in New York.

Lawyer 1: And what is your present salary?

Mrs. Kramer: I make $31,000 a year.

Lawyer 1: Mrs. Kramer, do you love your child?

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