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2010年湖北高考英语试题答案(B卷)

2010年湖北高考英语试题答案(B卷)
2010年湖北高考英语试题答案(B卷)

重庆大学城市科技学院

《2011级大学物理力学测验题》

(说明:本卷一律不使用计算器。答案中可保留指数、对数、三角函数、反三角函数、乘方、开方,但不能保留四则运算。)

一.单项选择题(共15题,共30分,每题2分)

1.质点沿半径为0.5米的圆周作匀速圆周运动,周期为1秒,在一个周期之内质点的平均速度与平均速率分别为 B 。

A 、 π ,π

B 、 0,π

C 、 π ,0

D 、 0,0

2、下列说法中,错误的是:( B )

A 、x a 是速度在x 方向的分量对时间的变化率;

B 、τa 是速度在切向的分量对时间的变化率;

C 、n a 速度在法向的分量对时间的变化率;

D 、加速度变化但质点作直线运动是可能的。

3.某质点作直线运动的运动学方程为x 6533

+-=t t (SI ),此质点的运动为 D 。

A 匀加速直线运动,加速度沿x 轴正方向

B 匀加速直线运动,加速度沿x 轴负方向

C 变加速直线运动,加速度沿x 轴正方向

D 变加速直线运动,加速度沿x 轴负方向

4.下列说法正确的是 D 。

A 系统不受外力作用,机械能与动量守恒

B 系统所受合外力为零,内力为保守力,机械能与动量守恒

C 系统所受合外力不为零,机械能与动量一定不守恒

D 系统不受外力作用,内力为保守力,机械能与动量守恒

5. 根据角动量定义,下列情况中角动量为零的是( A )

A 火箭以速度v 垂直地面发射到h 高度时对地面的角动量

B 飞机距地面h 高度以速度v 沿水平方向飞行时对地面的角动量

C 地球以速度v 绕太阳公转时对太阳的角动量

D 电子以速度v 绕核旋转时对核的角动量

6.均匀细棒 OA 可绕通过某一端 O 而与棒垂直的水平固定光滑轴转动,如图所示,今使棒从水平位置由静止开始自由下落,在棒摆到竖直位置的过程中,下述说法哪一种是正确

的?A 。

A 角速度从小到大,角加速度从大到小

B 角速度从小到大,角加速度从小到大

C 角速度从大到小,角加速度从大到小

D 角速度从大到小,角加速度从小到大

7.质点作曲线运动,r 表示位置矢量,v 表示速度,a 表示加速度,S 表示路程,

t a 表示切向加速度,下列表达式中,则 D 。 (1) a dt dv = (2) v dt dr = (3)v dt dS = (4)t a dt

v d =|| A 有(1)、(4)是对的 B 有(2)、(4)是对的

C 有(2)是对的

D 有(3)是对的

8.质点作匀速圆周运动,下列各量中恒定不变的量是 C 。 A t r t ??→?0lim B t

r t ??→? 0lim C t

r t ??→? 0lim D t v t ??→? 0lim 9.在相对地面静止的坐标系内, A 、 B 两船都以

的速率匀速行驶, A 船沿 x 轴正向, B 船沿 y 轴正向。今在 A 船上设置与静止坐标系方向相同的坐标系( x 、 y 方向的单位矢量用

表示),那么在 A 船上的坐标系中, B 船的速度(以

为单位)为(B )。

A j i 22+

B j i 22+-

C j i 22--

D j i 22-

10. 质量为m 的质点在外力作用下,其运动方程为,j t B i t A r ωωsin cos +=,式

中A 、B 、ω都是正的常数,则外力在 t = 0 到 t = π/ (2ω)这段时间内所作的功为 C 。

A )(2

1222B A m +ω B )(222B A m +ω C )(2

1222B A m -ω D )(21222A B m -ω 11.一人张开双臂手握哑铃坐在转椅上,让转椅转动起来,若此后无外力矩作用,

则当此人收回双臂时,人和转椅这一系统的(D )。

A 转速加大,转动动能不变

B 角动量加大

C 转速和转动动能都加大

D 角动量保持不变

12、一质点作匀速圆周运动,则( A )

A 切向加速度改变,法向加速度改变 ;

B 切向加速度改变,法向加速度不变

C 切向加速度不变,法向加速度不变

D 切向加速度不变,法向加速度改变

13、一质点作匀速直线运动,则( D )

A 切向加速度为零,法向加速度也为零 ;

B 切向加速度为零 ,法向加速度为无穷大;

C 质点的动量和能量守恒

D 质点的动量和动量矩守恒

14 质点组有以下几种说法:(1)质点组总动量的改变与内力无关;(2)质点组总动能的改

变与内力无关;(3)质点组机械能的改变与保守内力无关。在上述说法中( B )

A ..只有(1)是正确的; B.(1)、(3)是正确的;

C.(1)、(2)是正确的;

D.(2)、(3)是正确的。

15、在高台上分别以450仰角;水平方向;450俯角射出三颗同样初速的子弹,略空气阻力,则它们落地时速度( D )

A.大小不同,方向相同;

B.大小、方向均相同;

C.大小、方向均不同;

D.大小相同,方向不同。

二.填空题(共8题,共20分,1-6题每题3分,7-8题每题1分) 1.一质点在Oxy 平面运动,加速度j t a 6=,若0=t 时质点位置在j r 100=,速度为i

v 40=,则该质点的运动方程为i t j t 4)10(3++,2秒时该质点速度为i j 412+

2. 如图所示,A 、B 粒子之间有万有引力作用,B 固定不动,A 从

远处以初速v 0按图示轨道运动.在图中D 和A 、B 的最近距离d 均

为已知.则A 在离B 最近点时的速率v =___第三章作业最后_。

3. 地球的质量为M ,半径为R ,质量为m 的卫星在距离地面2R 的圆形轨道上运动,以无穷处为势能零点,则卫星的引力势能为R GmM 3-

____________。 4.如图所示,一匀质圆盘半径为R ,质量为m 1,以角速度0ω绕过盘心的

垂轴O 转动,转动惯量为212

1R m J =.一质量为m 2的子弹以速度v 沿圆盘的径向击入盘边缘,击入后盘的角速度ω=)2/(2101m m m +ω____.

5.如果质点的运动方程为 j t i t r 2520+=,那么质点的速度是 ,加速度是 。

6. 一质量为m 的棒球,原来以速率v 向北运动,它突然受到棒击,变为向西运动,速率仍为v ,则棒球受外力的冲量大小为I =mv 2.

7. 保守力做功的大小与路径_无关_,势能的大小与势能零点的选择_有关__(填 有关或无关)。

8.两粒子之间的斥力3r

k F =,(k 为常数,r 为两粒子之间的距离)。两粒子相距为r 时的势能 参见第三章第5题作业 。(F = 0的状态为势能零点)

三.计算题(共8题,共50分,1-6题每题6分,7-8题每题7分)

1.质量m=4kg 的某质点作直线运动的运动学方程为x 822

3--=t t (SI ),求:

(1)、t=0和t=2s 时的速度。

(2)、t=0和t=2s 时的动量以及0~2s 内合外力的冲量。

(3)、t=0和t=2s 时的动能以及0~2s 内合外力所作的功。

2、质量kg M 3103?=的重锤,从高度h=1.5m 处自由落到受锻压的工件上,工件发生变形。如果作用的时间s 1.0=τ。试求锤对工件的平均冲力。

3.如图所示,一细杆长度为l ,质量为m 1,可绕在其一端的水平轴O 自由转动,起初杆自然悬垂。一质量为m 2的子弹以速率v 沿杆的垂直方向击入杆的底端后以速率v/2穿出,求杆获得的角速度及最大上摆角。

4. 一颗子弹在枪筒里前进时所受的合力大小为t F 5103

4400?-=(t 以s 为单位,F 以N 为单位),子弹出枪口时的速率为1300-?s m ,假设子弹离开枪口时合力刚好为零,求

(1)子弹在枪筒中的时间;

(2)子弹在枪筒中受到的冲量;

(3)子弹的质量。

5.如图所示,一匀质圆盘半径为R ,质量为m 1,以角速度0ω绕过盘心的垂轴O

转动,转动惯量为212

1R m J =.一质量为m 2的子弹以速度v 沿圆盘的径向击入盘边缘,求子弹击入后盘的角速度。

6、一物体从固定的光滑球顶端下滑,求:

①物体在何处离开球面? ②飞出时速度?=v

7、质量21,m m 的两板用弹簧连接,以上扳平衡点为重力势能和弹性势能的零点:(1)求上扳、弹簧、地球这个系统的总势能:(2)对上扳施多大向下的压力F ,才能使它突然撤去时,使上扳上跳而把下扳拉起?

8、长L ,质量m 之均质细杆,绕水平光滑轴在竖直平面内转动。t = 0静止于水平位置,求

下摆θ角时的角速度ω和角加速度α。

2010年高考英语试题及答案(全国卷2)

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